The superpredator or super-predator was a type of criminal in a largely debunked criminological theory that became popular the 1990s in the United States. The superpredator theory posited that a small but significant and increasing population of impulsive (often urban) youth were willing to commit violent crimes without remorse.^[1][2] John J. DiIulio Jr., the criminologist and political scientist who came up with the idea,^[3][4] predicted a large increase in youth crime and violence due to superpredators.^[5][6] American lawmakers seized on this idea, and implemented tough-on-crime legislation for juvenile offenders across the country, including life without parole sentences.^[1]

The theory was criticized when crime significantly decreased in the following years.^[6][5] Dilulio has since retracted some of his ideas.^[1] There are many alternative explanations to the rise in crime until the 1990s and the subsequent drop. One explanation is the lead–crime hypothesis, which says that the use of leaded gasoline could have caused the high crime rates in the 1980s and 90s.^[7] Kevin Drum, an American journalist, argued that the "superpredators" that Dilulio described as impulsive, violent, and conscienceless may have actually had lead poisoning.^[8] The theory was also criticized as many people believed the theory was used to justify disproportionate sentencing of African-American children.^{[9][10][11][12][13]}

A Miami University study of United States media coverage of the 1999 Columbine High School massacre suggested that it reinforced the superpredator theory, especially with "alarmist responses to erroneous fears about growing rates and severity of youth violence".^[14]: 351

References