Summit Chief Mountain
Summit Chief Mountain, north aspect
Highest point
Elevation7,468 ft (2,276 m) NAVD 88[1]
Prominence1,324 ft (404 m)[1]
Parent peakChimney Rock (7,727 ft)[2]
Isolation1.29 mi (2.08 km)[1]
Coordinates47°31′24″N 121°16′06″W / 47.523426°N 121.268252°W / 47.523426; -121.268252 NAVD 88[3]
Geography
Summit Chief Mountain is located in Washington (state)
Summit Chief Mountain
Summit Chief Mountain
Summit Chief Mountain is located in the United States
Summit Chief Mountain
Summit Chief Mountain
LocationKing County / Kittitas County
Washington, U.S.
Parent rangeCascade Range
Topo mapUSGS Big Snow Mountain
Climbing
First ascent1925[4]
Easiest routeScrambling[5] Southeast Face

Summit Chief Mountain is a 7,464-foot (2,275-meter) mountain summit located on the county line separating King County and Kittitas County in Washington state. It is entirely within the Alpine Lakes Wilderness, on land managed by Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest. Summit Chief Mountain is situated on the crest of the Cascade Range, nine miles northeast of Snoqualmie Pass. Precipitation runoff from the west side of the mountain drains into tributaries of the Snoqualmie River, whereas the east side drains into tributaries of the Yakima River. The nearest higher peak is Chimney Rock, 1.29 miles (2.08 km) to the southwest.[1]

Climate

Summit Chief Mountain is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America.[4] Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel northeast toward the Cascade Mountains. As fronts approach, they are forced upward by the peaks of the Cascade Range, causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall onto the Cascades (Orographic lift). As a result, the west side of the Cascades experiences high precipitation, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall. During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but, due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer.[6] Because of maritime influence, snow tends to be wet and heavy, resulting in avalanche danger.[6]

Geology

The Alpine Lakes Wilderness features some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks and ridges, deep glacial valleys, and granite walls spotted with over 700 mountain lakes.[7] Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to the various climate differences. These climate differences lead to vegetation variety defining the ecoregions in this area. The elevation range of this area is between about 1,000 feet (300 m) in the lower elevations to over 9,000 feet (2,700 m) on Mount Stuart.

The history of the formation of the Cascade Mountains dates back millions of years ago to the late Eocene Epoch.[8] With the North American Plate overriding the Pacific Plate, episodes of volcanic igneous activity persisted.[8] In addition, small fragments of the oceanic and continental lithosphere called terranes created the North Cascades about 50 million years ago.[8]

During the Pleistocene period dating back over two million years ago, glaciation advancing and retreating repeatedly scoured the landscape leaving deposits of rock debris.[8] The last glacial retreat in the Alpine Lakes area began about 14,000 years ago and was north of the Canada–US border by 10,000 years ago.[8] The U-shaped cross section of the river valleys is a result of that recent glaciation. Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the Alpine Lakes Wilderness area.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Summit Chief Mountain, Washington". Peakbagger.com.
  2. ↑ "Summit Chief Mountain". ListsOfJohn.com. Retrieved 2020-06-21.
  3. ↑ "Summit Chief Mountain". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved 2021-11-01.
  4. 1 2 Beckey, Fred W. (2008). Cascade Alpine Guide, Climbing and High Routes - Columbia River to Stevens Pass. Vol. 1st. Seattle, WA: Mountaineers Books. ISBN 978-0898861273.
  5. ↑ Goldman, Peggy (2014). Washington Scrambles (2nd ed.). Mountaineers Books. ISBN 978-1594858406.
  6. 1 2 Beckey, p. 16
  7. ↑ Smoot, Jeff (2004). Backpacking Washington’s Alpine Lakes Wilderness. Helena, Montana: The Globe Pequot Press.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 Kruckeberg, Arthur (1991). The Natural History of Puget Sound Country. University of Washington Press.
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