Succoth-benoth or Succoth Benoth (Hebrew: סֻכּוֹת בְּנוֹת, Booths of Daughters) was a Babylonian deity, one of the deities brought to the former kingdom of Samaria by the men of Babylon. In the ninth year of Hoshea, "the king of Assyria took Samaria, and carried Israel away into Assyria, and placed them in Halah and in Habor by the river of Gozan, and in the cities of the Medes", resettling large numbers of population. (2 Kings 17:6)

The "men" from each of these five cities ("national groups" - NIV) made its own gods and set them up in the shrines of the land, mixing it with the worship of Jehovah. "The men of Babylon made Succoth Benoth, the men of Cuthah made Nergal, the men of Hamath made Ashima, the Avvites made Nibhaz and Tartak, and the Sepharvites ... Adrammelech and Anamelech." (2 Kings 17:30-31)[1] The Bible says that these deities were idols, although the Samaritans were not punished because they worshipped the God of the Israelites as well. Like Ashima, the identity of Succoth-benoth is unknown. Hayim Tawil noted that Bànitu (Akkadian: 𒁀𒉌𒌈 Ba.ni.TUM, "the creaturess") was an epithet of Ishtar in Nineveh, and postulated the name "Succoth-benoth" was a Hebrew rendition of a Neo-Babylonian or Neo-Assyrian divine name meaning "the image of Bànitu".[2]

According to b. Sanhedrin, Succoth Benoth was a Hen; according to y. Avoda Zara, a Hen and her Chicks; thus associating this god with the astrological constellation Pleiades.[3] According to commentators, either sukkot is a foreign word for "hen" and the phrase means "hen of chicks" or the entire phrase is a foreign word for "hen".[4][5] Marcus Jastrow proposed that the phrase is native to Hebrew and should be read "covering the young".[6]

References

  1. ↑ "2 Kings 17 / Hebrew Bible in English / Mechon-Mamre". www.mechon-mamre.org. Retrieved 2018-12-29.
  2. ↑ Hayim Tawil, An Akkadian Lexical Companion for Biblical Hebrew, p. 462.
  3. ↑ Reuven Chaim Klein (2018). God versus Gods: Judaism in the Age of Idolatry. Mosaica Press. p. 355. ISBN 978-1946351463.
  4. ↑ "Penei Moshe on Jerusalem Talmud Avodah Zarah 3:2:3:2". www.sefaria.org. Retrieved 2022-07-01.
  5. ↑ "Rashi on Sanhedrin 63b:16:2". www.sefaria.org. Retrieved 2022-07-01.
  6. ↑ "Jastrow, סוּכּוֹת 1". www.sefaria.org. Retrieved 2022-07-01.


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