A depiction of George VI being crowned while wearing the Supertunica, Stole Royal and Robe Royal

The Stole Royal (sometime erroneously called the Armilla) is an item of regalia used during the coronation of a British monarch, similar to the stoles worn as vestments by clergymen. It is donned after the anointing of the monarch and is worn throughout the crowning, receiving of homage and conclusion of the communion. The Stole Royal is removed, with other garments, before the procession from Westminster Abbey for which the Imperial Robe is worn.

Use

The monarch enters Westminster Abbey for their coronation wearing the Robe of State. This is removed for the anointing ceremony in which they wear the Colobium sindonis ("shroud tunic"), an intentionally plain robe. After the anointing the monarch dons the more ornate Supertunica over the Colobium.[1] After they have been invested with regalia including the Spurs, Sword of Offering and the Armills the monarch dons the Stole Royal and Robe Royal over the top of the Supertunica for their crowning ceremony.[1][2][3]

Immediately after donning the Stole Royal and Robe Royal the monarch is invested with the Orb, Ring and Sceptres. After the monarch is crowned by the Archbishop of Canterbury and receives homage from the bishops, peers of the realm and members of the Royal Family, the act of communion is concluded and the monarch proceeds to the shrine and tomb of Saint Edward the Confessor. Here the regalia, Robe Royal and Stole Royal are removed and replaced with the Imperial Robe which is worn for the ceremonial procession out of the church.[3] During the Coronation the monarch is enrobed by the Lord Great Chamberlain who is assisted by the Groom of the Robes and the Master of the Robes or Mistress of the Robes.[3]

The Stole Royal is similar to the stoles worn as vestments by clergymen. It is a long, narrow length of cloth worn around the neck with the two ends hanging down the front. The Stoles Royal are usually embroidered with gold and silver thread and decorated with jewels and pearls.[4] The Stole Royal is sometimes improperly called the Armilla, though this refers to the two mediaeval style armlets donned at around the same time as the Stole Royal.[5][6][7]

The practice of using a Stole Royal at coronations is thought to date back many years. King Edward I was buried in his coronation robes, and when his tomb was opened in 1774 a stole was among the items found.[8]

Stole Royal of Victoria

Queen Victoria's Stole Royal was lined with crimson sarsenet and embroidered with eagles, roses, fleurs-de-lys, crosses and crowns.[9]

Stole Royal of Edward VII

The stole worn by Edward VII at his 1902 coronation was 3 inches (7.6 cm) wide and an ell, 45 inches (110 cm) long.[10]

Stole Royal of George V

The Stole Royal of George V was made of cloth of gold with a rose-coloured silk lining. The stole was 3 inches (7.6 cm) in width and 9 feet (270 cm) in length and had a gold bullion fringe at either end.[11][12] At each end it had the red cross of Saint George on white background. Above the cross was embroidery depicting an eagle, representing the Empire, surmounted by symbols of the Home Nations: a rose (for England), thistle (for Scotland), shamrock (for Ireland), dragon (for Wales). Above these were symbols of the dominions: a lotus (for India), maple (for Canada), wattle flower (for South Africa), the Southern Cross (for Australia) and the stars from the New Zealand flag.[13]

Stole Royal of George VI

The Stole Royal of George VI was made of cloth of gold and decorated with symbols of the Empire in coloured thread and arranged in a flowing pattern.[14]

Stole Royal of Elizabeth II

Elizabeth II wore a narrow Stole Royal of gold silk with fringed ends and a lining of red silk. This Stole Royal was made in 1953 by the Worshipful Company of Girdlers, based on mediaeval patterns. It had intricate embroidery showing various religious, national and Commonwealth symbols.[15] Among the Christian symbols used are the crosses of Saint Andrew, Saint George and Saint Patrick, the patron saints of Scotland, England and Ireland, and the crossed keys of Saint Peter, an early leader of the Christian church. Also included are symbols associated with the Four Evangelists: an angel for Matthew, a winged lion for Mark, a winged bull for Luke and an eagle for John. A dove represents the Holy Spirit and a crowned eagle also features. Depictions of plants were used to represent the Home Nations and Commonwealth Realms including a Tudor rose (England), a leek (Wales), shamrock (Northern Ireland), thistle (Scotland), wattle flower (Australia), maple leaf (Canada), two types of lotus (India and Sri Lanka), fern (New Zealand), cotton, jute and wheat (Pakistan) and the protea (South Africa).[4]

Stole Royal of Charles III

A new Stole Royal was made in 2023 for Charles III by the Royal School of Needlework, taking inspiration from the 1953 stole of his predecessor, Elizbeth II. It is adorned with emblems of the four countries of the United Kingdom, a dove representing the Holy Spirit, a Tudor-style crown, and a pattern based on the Cosmati Pavement in Westminster Abbey.[16]

References

  1. 1 2 Ward, Victoria (16 February 2023). "King Charles III's sacred Coronation robes revealed". Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 17 February 2023. Retrieved 17 April 2023.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  2. ↑ "Coronation of British Monarchs". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 17 April 2023. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  3. 1 2 3 "Coronations". Debrett's. Archived from the original on 17 April 2023. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  4. 1 2 "Stole Royal (UK)". Textile Research Centre Leiden. Archived from the original on 18 April 2023. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
  5. ↑ Country Life. Country Life, Limited. June 1953. p. 74.
  6. ↑ Arscott, David (3 January 2012). Queen Elizabeth II, A Very Peculiar History: Diamond Jubilee: 60 Years A Queen. Andrews UK Limited. p. 23. ISBN 978-1-908759-32-0.
  7. ↑ The Living Church. Morehouse-Gorham Company. 1953. p. 13.
  8. ↑ "The Coronation Vestments". Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer. 23 June 1911. p. 5.
  9. ↑ "Coronation Vestments". Sheffield Daily Telegraph. 25 April 1902. p. 4.
  10. ↑ "The Nineteen Parts of the Coronation Ceremony". The Sphere. 16 August 1902. p. 14.
  11. ↑ "The Coronation Regalia". Daily News. 22 June 1911. p. 6.
  12. ↑ "The Vestments". Aberdeen Press and Journal. 22 June 1911.
  13. ↑ "The Coronation". Evening Mail. 17 February 1911. p. 5.
  14. ↑ "The Coronation of Their Majesties King George VI and Queen Elizabeth". West London Observer. 14 May 1937. p. 8.
  15. ↑ "A complete guide to King Charles III's sacred coronation robes". Tatler. 17 February 2023. Archived from the original on 18 April 2023. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
  16. ↑ "Coronation outfits worn by Their Majesties King Charles III and Queen Camilla to go on display at Buckingham Palace". Royal Collection Trust. 19 May 2023.

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