S-13 portrayed on a Russian stamp, issued in 1996
History
Soviet Naval EnsignSoviet Union
NameS-13
Laid down19 October 1938
Launched25 April 1939
Commissioned31 July 1941
Decommissioned7 September 1954
Stricken17 December 1956
HomeportKronstadt
General characteristics
Class and typeSoviet S-class submarine
Displacement
  • 840 long tons (853 t) surfaced
  • 1,050 long tons (1,067 t) submerged
Length77.8 m (255 ft 3 in)
Beam6.4 m (21 ft 0 in)
Draught4.4 m (14 ft 5 in)
Propulsion
  • 2 × diesels 2,000 hp (1,491 kW) each
  • 2 × electric motors 550 hp (410 kW) each
  • 2 × shafts
Speed
  • 19.5 knots (22.4 mph; 36.1 km/h) surfaced
  • 9 knots (10 mph; 17 km/h) submerged
Test depth100 m (330 ft)
Complement50 officers and men
Armament
  • 6 × 21 in (530 mm) torpedo tubes (4 forward, 2 aft)
  • 12 × torpedoes
  • 1 × 100 mm (4 in) gun
  • 1 × 45 mm (2 in) cannon

S-13 was a Stalinets-class submarine of the Soviet Navy. Her keel was laid down by Krasnoye Sormovo in Gorky on 19 October 1938. She was launched on 25 April 1939 and commissioned on 31 July 1941 in the Baltic Fleet, under the command of Captain Pavel Malantyenko.[1] The submarine is best known for the 1945 sinking of Wilhelm Gustloff, a German military transport ship/converted cruise ship. With a career total of 44,701 GRT (gross register tonnage) sunk or damaged, she is the highest-scoring Soviet submarine in history.

Service history

In the first half of September 1942, under Malantjenko's command, S-13 sank two Finnish ships, Hera and Jussi H., and a German ship Anna W, totaling 4,042 tons. When S-13 sank the freighter Hera, she fired on the ship's lifeboat but failed to hit it.[2]

On 15 October 1942, caught on the surface while charging her batteries, S-13 was attacked by the Finnish submarine chasers VMV-13 and VMV-15. During her crash dive, the submarine hit the bottom, severely damaging her rudder and destroying her steering gear. The following depth charge attack worsened the damage, but S-13 escaped and made it back to Kronstadt.

During the next three years, Malantyenko was relieved by Alexander Marinesko and S-13 was repaired and returned to sea.

Under the command of Marinesko, then 32, on 30 January 1945, at Stolpe Bank off the Pomeranian coast, S-13 sank the 25,484-ton German armed transport ship Wilhelm Gustloff under Kriegsmarine ensign, overfilled with civilians and military personnel, with three torpedoes. Recent calculations estimate more than 9,000 people were killed, the worst loss of life in maritime history.[3][4][5]

On 10 February 1945, S-13 sank another German military transport ship General von Steuben.[6] 3,300 civilians and military personnel from the ship died, and 300 survived.[7]

Marinesko was posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union in 1990.

S-13 was decommissioned on 7 September 1954 and stricken on 17 December 1956.

Ships sunk by S-13[1]
Date Ship Flag Tonnage Notes
11 September 1942 Hera Finland 1379 GRT freighter (torpedo)
12 September 1942 Jussi H. Finland 2325 GRT freighter (torpedo)
18 September 1942 Anna W. Netherlands 290 GRT freighter (gunfire)
30 January 1945 Wilhelm Gustloff Nazi Germany 25484 GRT transport ship (torpedo)
10 February 1945 General Steuben Nazi Germany 14660 GRT transport ship (torpedo)
Total:44,138 GRT

S-13 also shelled and damaged the German fishing vessel, Siegfried (563 GRT), which was damaged but escaped.[1]

References

  1. 1 2 3 "S-13 of the Soviet Navy – Soviet Submarine of the S (Stalinec) class – Allied Warships of WWII – uboat.net".
  2. ↑ "Hera (1942) – höyrylaiva – Haverit.net".
  3. ↑ "Greatest Wartime Sea Tragedy Becomes Major Film" Archived 2008-04-14 at the Wayback Machine, a Sea Classics magazine September 2007 article
  4. ↑ Irwin J. Kappes (2003). "Wilhelm Gustloff – The Greatest Marine Disaster in History". MilitaryHistoryOnline.com. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
  5. ↑ "Wilhelm Gustloff: World's Deadliest Sea Disasters". Unsolved History, The Discovery Channel. Season 1, Episode 14. (Original air date: March 26, 2003)
  6. ↑ Data sheet on the Dampfschiff General von Steuben
  7. ↑ "Грани.Ру: Потопленный миф".
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.