Solaris
Developer(s)Atari[1]
Publisher(s)Atari[1]
Programmer(s)Doug Neubauer
Platform(s)Atari 2600
ReleaseNovember 1986
Genre(s)Space combat simulator[2]
Mode(s)Single-player

Solaris is a space combat game for the Atari 2600 published in 1986 by Atari Corporation. It was programmed by Doug Neubauer.[3]

Gameplay

The galaxy of Solaris is made up of 16 quadrants, each containing 48 sectors.[4] The player uses a tactical map to choose a sector to warp to, during which they must attempt to keep their ship "in focus" to lower their fuel consumption rate. Fuel must be carefully managed, as an empty tank results in loss of one of the player lives. Space battle ensues whenever the player navigates into a hostile battlegroup via the tactical map. Space enemies include pirate ships, mechanoid ships, and aggressive "cobra" ships. Each battlegroup has at least one enemy flagship, which shoots out fuel-sapping drones.[5]

The player may also descend to one of 3 types of planets:

  1. Friendly federation planets, which provide for refueling, but may also harbor a planet defense mission if they are under attack. If players allow a friendly planet in a quadrant to be destroyed, that quadrant becomes a "red zone" where joystick controls are reversed and booming sounds are overheard.
  2. Enemy Zylon planets, in which the player must rescue all cadets, gaining an extra ship when all cadets are rescued.
  3. Enemy corridor planets, in which the player must traverse through a fast-paced corridor.

There are 4 kinds of ground enemies found on planets: stationary guardians, gliders, targeters and raiders. The ultimate goal of Solaris is to reach the planet Solaris and rescue its colonists, at which point the game ends in victory.

Production

In 1986, Atari released a budget-priced revision of the Atari 2600 (pictured), and began releasing new games such as Solaris.

Prior to working on Solaris, Neubauer worked as independent contractor making film tie-in games for 20th Century Fox's new game division making Alien and Mega Force and M*A*S*H. Neubauer had hoped that making several video game adaptations would lead to making a film license like Star Wars, finding that "just because a company makes a movie doesn't mean they have the rights to make a video of the movie, Case in point, Star Wars. They didn't have the rights to it."[6]

Douglas Neubauer pitched the game to Atari in 1984 who were going to turn it into a tie-in game for the film The Last Starfighter (1984). Atari flew Neubauer to Los Angeles for a screening of the film and then shortly found after that Jack Tramiel had bought the company and had most of the staff laid off. In 1986, Atari contacted Neubauer to revive the game. He was working at Imagen at the time doing chip and systems design.[7] The Atari 2600 was experiencing what video game historian Brett Weiss described as "a resurgence of sorts" after Nintendo had success in the marketplace with the Nintendo Entertainment System.[8] Atari had just re-released the system a smaller budget-priced revision in 1986.[9]

The game was made with 16K of bank-switching RAM and 256 bytes of RAM.[6][10] Neubauer had his cousin Randy Emberlin help him with the graphics for the game, who was a professional comic artist.[6] Neubauer stated that he "handed everything over to Atari [including] the 'master EPROM' of the game and my engineering notes. [...] Little did I suspect that they would take my engineering notes, almost verbatim, and make a manual out of it, including the primitive little sketches I did. Apparently Atari was cash-strapped at the time, but so strapped they couldn't afford a graphics artist?"[7] Solaris was completed by October 1986.[11]

Release

Solaris was released for the Atari 2600 in November 1986.[12] By June 1, 1989 Solaris was one of the top selling available games for either the Atari 2600 or Atari 7800 in the United States.[13]

The game was included as part of the Atari 50: The Anniversary Celebration (2022) compilation for Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, Steam, and Xbox One.[14]

Reception and legacy

From contemporary reviews, The Video Game Update gave the game their highest rating of four stars for both graphics and gameplay.[10] The review proclaimed the game was "strong enough to hold its own in an era of game systems far greater capabilities than the modest 2600" and that "Without question Solaris is the best space game ever done for this system."[10] A reviewer in the German magazine PowerPlay stated that Solaris really surprised them and while they did not find the gameplay original, the game had beautiful graphics and varied graphics finding it superior to other similar Atari 2600 games like Starmaster.[15]

From retrospective reviews, Retro Gamer stated in issue 176 of that "the real feature of Solaris that will make your jaw drop is the visuals. You would have never thought it was possible for the 2600 to display high-res graphics in so many colours." and that the game was "widely regarded as the console's most technically impressive commercial release."[16] In their list of the top 25 Atari 2600 games, Stuart Hunt and Darran Jones listed Solaris in at their 16th spot. The writers declared that the game "can be heralded as one of the finest pieces of code written for the 2600."[17] writing that it had graphics that rarely flicker or dissolve that were "some staggering visuals" while noting that the gameplay will take some used to.[17] Weiss wrote in his book The 100 Greatest Console Video Games 1977-1987 that it was one of the more ambitious games in the Atari 2600 library in terms of graphics and gameplay, specifically noting the multi-colored enemies, beautifully illustrated planets and a variety of sound effects.[1] Jonathan Sutyak writing for the online game database Allgame found the graphics were "the Atari 2600 at its best" while finding that the shooting gameplay was not enjoyable. He continued that it should have been simplified to make it fun and that "trying to make sense of everything is not worth your time or effort."[2]

Following its release Neubauer went on to make other Atari 2600 games including Super Football and Radar Lock. He had attempted to make a space-oriented game for NES that was never published, stating that "the days of one programmer doing a complete game were over, and by the time I got the game done, the NES was obsolete."[6] Neubauer reflected on his games stating "the best games I did were the ones I did for fun rather than money. Probably a lesson there."[6][16] When comparing the game to Star Raiders, Neubauer thought that Star Raiders had better game play and he preferred that games' explosion graphics but that he preferred the pure cockpit view of Star Raiders.[18]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Weiss 2007, p. 107.
  2. 1 2 Sutyak.
  3. ↑ Barton & Loguidice 2009.
  4. ↑ "Solaris manual". archive.org. Atari Corporation. 1986.
  5. ↑ "Pushing the limits: Solaris". Retro Gamer. p. 176. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 "Video Games' First Space Opera: Exploring Atari's Star Raiders". Gamasutra. Archived from the original on February 27, 2008. Retrieved June 16, 2023.
  7. 1 2 Oxford 2012.
  8. ↑ Weiss 2014, p. 119.
  9. ↑ Digital Eclipse (November 11, 2022). Atari 50 (Nintendo Switch). Atari. Highs and Lows: The 2600 "Jr.": In addition to the 7800, Atari also rolled out a smaller, budget-priced revision of the 2600. Retailing for just $49.99, it was a very affordable alternative, and Atari began to put more 2600 games on the shelves.
  10. 1 2 3 "Critically Speaking...Atari 2600 Compatible". The Video Game Updates. January 1987. p. 12.
  11. ↑ Pappas 1986, p. 90.
  12. ↑ "Availability Update". The Video Game Update. Vol. 5, no. 9. December 1986. p. 14.
  13. ↑ Electronic Gaming Monthly 1989.
  14. ↑ Machkovech 2022.
  15. ↑ Martin 1987, p. 104.
  16. 1 2 "Pushing the Limits - Solaris". Retro Gamer. No. 176. p. 52.
  17. 1 2 Jones & Hunt.
  18. ↑ Bevan, p. 65.

Sources



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