National Network of Youth and Children Orchestras of Venezuela
Formation1975
FounderJosé Antonio Abreu
Typenon-profit
PurposeMusic education
Location
WebsiteFESNOJIV official site

El Sistema (which translates to The System) is a publicly financed, voluntary sector, music-education program, founded in Venezuela in 1975 by Venezuelan educator, musician, and activist José Antonio Abreu.[1] It later adopted the motto "Music for Social Change." El Sistema-inspired programs provide what the International Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies describes as "free classical music education that promotes human opportunity and development for impoverished children."[2] El Sistema has inspired similar programmes in more than 60 other countries.[3] By 2015, according to official figures, El Sistema included more than 400 music centers and 700,000 young musicians. The original program in Venezuela involves four after-school hours of musical training and rehearsal each week, plus additional work on the weekends.[1]

The institution's closeness to the government has caused the perception that the institution and conductor Gustavo Dudamel serve as propaganda instruments of Maduro's government.[3] Several musicians of El Sistema participated in the antigovernment 2017 protests, and in response many were detained, tortured or killed.[4][5][6]

Origin and history

El Sistema began under the leadership of José Antonio Abreu (7 May 1939 – 24 March 2018) with 11 students in an underground parking garage.[1] For many years, its official name was Fundación del Estado para el Sistema Nacional de las Orquestas Juveniles e Infantiles de Venezuela, (FESNOJIV), which is sometimes translated into English as "National Network of Youth and Children's Orchestras of Venezuela." The organizations has recently changed its name to Fundación Musical Simón Bolívar (FMSB), but is still widely known by the FESNOJIV acronym.[7]

Abreu's vision

Abreu has said that "music has to be recognized as an agent of social development in the highest sense because it transmits the highest values – solidarity, harmony, mutual compassion," crediting it with the ability to "unite an entire community and express sublime feelings."[8]

Abreu led the program for nearly four decades with the backing and material support of seven consecutive Venezuelan governments, ranging across the political spectrum from center-right to the current leftist presidency of Nicolás Maduro. Abreu has been "careful to keep El Sistema separate from partisan politics".[9]

Play and fight

"Play and Fight" was the title of the El Nacional news story about the National System of Youth and Children's Orchestras of Venezuela that appeared on 2 February 1976. The organization soon adopted that phrase as its motto, expressing its members' determination and commitment to El Sistema as a vital and critical project, both orchestrally and socially.

Venezuelan government involvement

The program has a reputation for rescuing young people in impoverished circumstances, directing them away from lives of drug abuse and crime, into which they would likely otherwise be drawn.

The Venezuelan government of President Carlos Andrés Pérez began fully financing Abreu's orchestra after its success, in 1976, at the "International Festival of Youth Orchestras" in Aberdeen, Scotland. From the beginning, El Sistema came not under the ministry of culture, but under the umbrella of social-services ministries, which has strategically helped it survive. The current Maduro administration has been El Sistema's most generous patron so far, covering almost its entire annual operating budget, as well as additional capital projects.[10] Abreu received the National Music Prize for his work in 1979 and became Minister of Culture in 1983.[11] In 1995, Abreu was appointed Special Ambassador for the Development of a Global Network of Youth and Children Orchestras and Choirs by UNESCO. He also became a special representative for the development of orchestras within the framework of UNESCO's "World Movement of Youth and Children Orchestras and Choirs."

At the time, its network of 102 youth and 55 children's orchestras (including approximately 100,000 youngsters) came under the supervision of the Ministry of Family, Health and Sports. A goal of El Sistema is to use music for the protection of children through training, rehabilitation, and prevention of criminal behavior.[12][13]

In September 2007, with Abreu present on the television talk-show, Aló Presidente, Hugo Chávez announced a new government program, Misión Música, designed to provide tuition and music instruments to Venezuelan children.[14] It has been noted that "various ministries oversaw El Sistema until two years ago, when the president's office took direct control. El Sistema's mission runs parallel to Mr. Chávez's program to provide subsidies and services to the poor."[15]

The National Center for Social Action for Music

Since 2011, El Sistema has operated in the National Center for Social Action for Music in Caracas, a modern structure that has various spaces distributed in musical instruction areas, instrumental rehearsal and choral practice rooms; in addition to a library, recording booths, dressing rooms, cafeterias, administrative and health services. Among the areas open to the public, the large Simón Bolívar Room stands out, with a capacity of 1,100 people and equipped with a large tubular organ donated by the Polar Foundation; in addition to a theater, chamber music rooms and an outdoor acoustic shell, located in the southern area of the building, which is part of Los Caobos Park; as well as musical instrument manufacturing workshops and a space for the “Inocente Carreño” National Audiovisual Music Center (CNAMIC)

Spread of regional centres in Venezuela

On 6 June 2007, the Inter-American Development Bank announced the granting of a US$150 million loan for the construction of seven regional centers of El Sistema throughout Venezuela. Many bankers within the IDB originally objected to the loan on the grounds that classical music is for the elite. But then the bank has conducted studies on the more than 2,000,000 young people, educated in El Sistema, linking participation in the program to improvements in school attendance and reduction in juvenile delinquency and crime rates. Weighing such benefits, the bank calculated that every dollar invested in El Sistema was reaping about $1.68 in social dividends.[10] Supported by the government, El Sistema started introducing its music program into the public-school curriculum, aiming to be in every school and to support 500,000 children by 2015.[16]

The project has also been extended to the penal system. On 25 May 2008, Leidys Asuaje wrote for Venezuelan daily El Nacional: "The plan to humanize jails through music began 11 months ago under the tutelage of the Ministry of the Interior and Justice and FESNOJIV...."[17]

A 2022 investigation by Connectas, with the help of the International Center for Journalists, concluded that the regional centers funded by the IDB were never built and therefore the bank's long-term project to decentralize El Sistema had failed.[18]

Controversy

The institution's closeness to the government has caused the perception that the institution and the orchestra serve as a propaganda instrument of Nicolás Maduro's government.[3]

In November 2014, British music scholar Geoffrey Baker published a newspaper article[19] and a book[20] that disputed many of the claims made by and about El Sistema and suggested that much of the publicly circulating information about the program was hyperbolic or simply false. The book's allegations included a culture of authoritarianism, hyper-discipline, exploitation, competition, and gender discrimination. It argued that the program was deeply conservative beneath its progressive exterior and that its claims of social transformation were unproven and exaggerated. For example, Baker's work alleges that the IADB's claim that El Sistema was reaping about $1.68 in social dividends for each $1 invested was based on dubious calculations and had been withdrawn by the bank itself. Considerable controversy ensued, with furious denunciations by Sistema advocates and enthusiastic responses from music education experts. In his review of Baker's book, Damian Thompson, arts editor of The Spectator, highlighted Baker's contention that the rampant sexual abuse of young musicians in El Sistema is part of "classical music's dirty little secret."[21]

Baker's research was validated in a 2016 article by Lawrence Scripp and the former El Sistema violinist Luigi Mazzocchi,[22] and it was further supported by the appearance of previously unpublished external evaluations of El Sistema dating from the late 1990s,[23] which confirmed many of the issues observed by Baker. Political controversy mounted from 2014 as Abreu and Dudamel's close relationship to the Venezuelan government came under increasing scrutiny, with the pianist Gabriela Montero becoming their most prominent critic.[24] In 2017, the claims in many official El Sistema sources that Abreu held a PhD from the United States were proven to be false.[25] The year 2021 saw further claims of widespread sexual harassment and abuse within El Sistema,[26] this time directly from alleged victims. El Sistema was finally obliged to acknowledge the issue,[27] and several overseas affiliates (including Sistema England and Sistema Scotland) issued critical public responses. In 2022, El Sistema's failure to build any of the seven regional centers funded by the IDB - an issue raised repeatedly by Baker over the previous eight years - was documented and published by a team of Venezuelan journalists.

Simon Bolivar Orchestra

An important product of El Sistema is the Simon Bolivar Symphony Orchestra. In the mid-1990s, Abreu formed the National Children's Youth Orchestra, and many young musicians graduated from it to the Simón Bolívar which grew considerably in size. This became an opportunity to re-create the ensemble as two separate performing entities. The first generation of members was designated the Simón Bolívar A; the younger, newer members, who had recently been brought in from the new National Children's Orchestra, now constituted the Simón Bolívar B"[28] The Simón Bolívar B is now the touring orchestra and, in 2007, made its debut at the BBC Proms in London's Royal Albert Hall and later at Carnegie Hall under the baton of Gustavo Dudamel, receiving enthusiastic reviews.[29][30] 2009 saw the orchestra touring in the US, but also in Europe as well.

In the spring of 2010, however, a tour to the Lucerne Easter Festival drew comments from reviewers, such as Tom Service of London's The Guardian, that the Simón Bolívar Youth Orchestra was "youthful no longer."[31] This struck home, and Abreu decided, as he put it, "the time is once again ripe for new, younger national orchestras."[28] And so, he set about creating new ensembles. The Teresa Carreño Symphony Youth Orchestra, named for the famous Venezuelan pianist, started international touring in the autumn of 2010 with appearances at the Beethoven Fest in Bonn, followed by Vienna, Berlin, Salzburg Festival, Milan, Amsterdam, Madrid, and London.[32] Other new youth orchestras include the Caracas Symphony Youth Orchestra and a newly constituted National Children's Orchestra consisting of 358 musicians.[33]

2017 protests

On 3 May 2017, 18-years-old El Sistema violist Armando Cañizales was killed when he was shot by a spherical metallic projectile by security forces while participating in a demonstration in Caracas.[4] Conductor Gustavo Dudamel condemned Nicolás Maduro's response to the protests for the first time the day after the killing, writing in social media: "I raise my voice against violence and repression. Nothing can justify bloodshed. Enough of ignoring the just clamor of a people suffocated by an intolerable crisis."[3]

Violinist Wuilly Arteaga also participated and played his instrument during the protests that year. On 24 May, a National Guardsman officer ripped and broke his violin. His images crying over the violin went viral, and several people offered to give him a violin to replace the broken one, including singers Oscarcito, Chyno Miranda and Marc Anthony, flutist Huáscar Barradas and former baseball player Melvin Mora. Wuilly was imprisoned in July for 19 days on charges of public instigation and possession of incendiary substance. During his detention he was transferred four times and subjected to torture. When he was arrested, they burned his hair with a lighter for having very long hair, he was beaten with sticks and helmets when he was transferred to Fort Tiuna, and before arriving at the last prison he was hit in the back of the head with a metal tube, causing him internal bleeding and leaving him deaf in his right ear. During his detention he denounced that he witnessed how they raped a young woman detained on top of him inside an armoured vehicle.[5] Not having a violin in prison, Wuilly decided to sing, reaching the point where other prisoners asked him for songs, especially vallenatos. The place where he spent most of his time was in the bohío, where he ended his imprisonment, an octagonal cell in the General Command of the National Guard in Caracas, where there were about 14 prisoners. While he was imprisoned he had nowhere to write, it was forbidden to receive or send letters, there were no visitors, they were isolated and without ventilation. Even so, he composed the song "Cárcel de libertad" (Freedom Prison) along with his best friend Aarón, also detained.[34]

Clarinetist Karen Palacios signed in favor of the referendum organized by the opposition led National Assembly. She was later notified that her contract with the Philharmonic Orchestra was canceled because her political position was not convenient for the orchestra. Palacios denounced the incident on her Twitter account and it went viral. The clarinetist started to receive attacks and threats on social networks and during that year's protests her tweets began to be cited, where she expressed anger at the situation and at the abuse of the security forces.[35][36] Later, on 1 June 2019, Karen would be detained by officials from the Directorate General of Military Counterintelligence (DGCIM) and charged with the crime of instigation to hatred. She was detained in the National Institute for Female Orientation (INOF), in Los Teques, Miranda state, and confined to a highly dangerous cell, despite having a release order dated from 18 June. In court, her mother was asked not to make her daughter's case public because "it was going to be resolved soon."[35] Palacios was released on 16 July 2019.[6]

In other countries

United States

El Sistema USA is a membership organization, which supports and encourages more than 80 El Sistema-inspired programs throughout the United States, a number which are growing rapidly. Its philosophy and aspirations are expressed on its website:

A visionary global movement that transforms the lives of children through music. A new model for social change.[37]

Abreu appeared in a public symposium on El Sistema on 7 November 2007 in Boston, Massachusetts, where he gave the keynote speech of the public symposium on El Sistema on the WGBH Forum Network. A significant panel of speakers was present.[38]

At the November 2007 symposium, Abreu expressed delight at the prospect of joining with the Conservatory Lab Charter School in Boston and other musical institutions in the United States to create a Pan-American movement. "The New World," he said, "is nothing less than all three Americas. And so what we are in the process of creating is really an expression of a new, transcontinental social and musical culture."[39] The Conservatory Lab school is associated with the New England Conservatory of Music,[40] and was the first El Sistema-infused charter school in Massachusetts.

It has been estimated that there were five or six El Sistema-based programs in the US in early 2009, but "by mid-2011, there were at least 50 such programs – and list is increasing by the week..."[41][42] In addition, many of the original Abreu Fellows who came together at the New England Conservatory as a result of Abreu's TED Prize, have gone into their local communities to start new programs or to expand upon or within existing ones. These cover a wide geographical area ranging from Kidznotes in North Carolina, JAMM (Juneau Alaska Music Matters) in that state, and ICAN (Incredible Children's Art Network) in Santa Barbara, California. In 2011, Longy School of Music of Bard College, Bard College, and the Los Angeles Philharmonic formed Take a Stand to promote and support the El Sistema-inspired music education movement in the United States.[43] Based in Los Angeles, it also offers a graduate-level degree program based on the tenets of El Sistema, including Master of Arts in Teaching in Music degree.

First Notes in Vail Valley, Colorado; CityMusic in Cleveland, Ohio; Club O in Fort Wayne, Indiana; Kid Ovation program in Des Moines, Iowa; and Orchestrating Diversity in Saint Louis, Missouri are also inspired by El Sistema.[44]

Other El Sistema-inspired programs in the US include:

  • Atlanta Music Project (Atlanta, Georgia) is sponsored by major companies and foundations of the city. It is managed by two Sistema Fellows, graduates of the 2010 and 2012 Program at the New England Conservatory of Music. The Atlanta Music Project offers both an orchestral and a choral music program.[45]
  • Austin Soundwaves (Austin, Texas) was founded in 2011 by Sistema Fellow and executive director, Patrick Slevin, focusing on the artistically underserved community of east Austin. Programming takes place primarily in-school with a variety of offerings, including concert band, string orchestra, philharmonic orchestra chamber music, and mariachi.[46]
  • Boston String Academy (Boston, Massachusetts) founded in 2012 by Taide Preito, Marielisa Alverez, and Mariesther Alverez, Boston String Academy is a El Sistema-based program. The founders started their journey through El Sistema in Venezuela. Previously working at Kids 4 Harmony, they were inspired to start an El Sistema inspired program in Boston. BSA offers three programs, those being in Chinatown and Allston neighborhoods, serving more than 120 students.
  • B Sharp Youth Music Program (Fort Worth, Texas) is a free extended-day music program founded in 2010 at Como Elementary, funded by The Goff Family Foundation in partnership with the Fort Worth Independent School District. As the Fort Worth ISD's only elementary orchestra and the only El Sistema-inspired music program in North Texas, B Sharp fosters positive youth development through ensemble-based music instruction, peer-to-peer teaching, emphasis on group music-making, life skills training and the social aspect of learning music.
  • BRAVO Youth Orchestras (Portland, Oregon) began in 2013. BRAVO is an independent non-profit organization. While it is independent it relies on partnerships to be able to provide vocal and instrumental classes. It partners with Portland Public Schools to provide in-school music classes; then partners with SUN and Boys & Girls Club for its after-school programs.
  • Chicago Metamorphosis Orchestra Project (ChiMOP) (Chicago, Illinois)[47] was founded in May 2013 by Thomas Madeja and Sylvia Carlson. Its first program, the ChiMOP Summer Youth Orchestra, is an advanced youth orchestra that is designed to bridge the gap between academic year programs. ChiMOP's second program, Mary Lyon Music, is an El Sistema inspired program that takes place at Mary Lyon Elementary School[48] in Chicago's Belmont Cragin neighborhood and was launched in September 2013.
  • El Sistema Lehigh Valley (ESLV) (Allentown, Pennsylvania)[49] was founded in 2011 as a free music education program through the Allentown Symphony Association. Since starting with less than 70 students on paper instruments, the program has expanded to provide orchestral and choir instruction to more than 100 students from the elementary to high school level.
  • Harmony Program (New York City) was one of the first El Sistema-inspired programs in the US. It began as a pilot program in the New York City Mayor's Office in 2003. After being incorporated as an independent non-profit, the Harmony Program was re-launched under its current model in 2008 through a partnership with the City University of New York. The program was founded by Anne Fitzgibbon, who studied El Sistema in Venezuela on a year-long Fulbright Fellowship.[50][51][52]
  • Kids 4 Harmony (Pittsfield, Massachusetts) was launched in 2012 by Berkshire Children and Families, a social services organization and is based at the Morningside School in Pittsfield. The Berkshire Symphony Orchestra, Boston Conservatory, and Longy School of Music have supported the program with periodic tutoring and public fundraising performances. Another branch of the program is located in (North Adams, Massachusetts).
  • Kidznotes (North Carolina) was launched in 2009 by co-founders Katie Wyatt and Lucia Powe. Kidznotes offers orchestra and band for students in grades K–12 in an out-of-school setting. Currently, they serve over 100 students mostly from Title I qualifying schools in the Durham Public Schools system.[53]
  • Miami Music Project (Miami, Florida)[54] was founded in 2008 by James Judd with chapters in Doral, Little Haiti, and Liberty City.
  • MYCincinnati (Cincinnati, Ohio)[55] is a free youth orchestra program. It was founded in October 2011 by a graduate of the second class of Sistema Fellows at New England Conservatory. The program has a full string orchestra of over 70 students who meet for two hours a day, five days a week. In addition, the program added winds in 2017.
  • Orchestrating Diversity (Saint Louis, Missouri) was founded in 2009 by Mark Sarich, Max Woods and Jesse Windels as a free music program for inner-city youth based at the Lemp Neighborhood Arts Center. Orchestrating Diversity offers an intensive eight-week summer program as well as after-school classes throughout the school year, teaching students college-level music theory, history, and musicianship. Students also perform symphonic music as an ensemble, and are given private instruction on their instruments from professional musicians, college faculty members, and student volunteers from nearby universities.[56]
  • OrchKids (Baltimore, Maryland) is an after-school program at the Luckerman Bundy Elementary School which brings "intensive music education to very young children" one of its distinctive features[57] According to Nick Skinner, director of operations for OrchKids, it concentrates on both the musical and the social: "(the children) learn that being an OrchKid means behaving in a certain way".[58] The Baltimore Symphony Orchestra is involved in the program and its conductor, Marin Alsop, conducts concerts with the young group.
  • Paterson Music Project (Paterson, New Jersey) is an El Sistema-inspired after-school program initiated by the Wharton Institute for the Performing Arts. PMP began at the Community Charter School of Paterson in January 2013 and has expanded to two Paterson public schools. In 2016, PMP launched a Saturday Community Arts Program to serve the broader Paterson community with a community orchestra and intergenerational choir.[59]
  • People's Music School Youth Orchestras (Chicago, Illinois)[60] (formerly known as the YOURS Project) was founded in 2008 as the first El Sistema-inspired program in Chicago. Using donated instruments and makeshift accessories, the Youth Orchestra began with 35 students and grew to serve over 135 students annually by 2014. The first in its network of youth orchestras is located at the William G. Hibbard Elementary School in Chicago's Albany Park neighborhood.
  • Pinecrest City Music Project (PCMP) (Miami, Florida)[61] Founded by current Brown University student Daniel Solomon, PCMP is an El Sistema-inspired arts education program that educates public school students to become holistic arts leaders, both in and outside the classroom. With 502 students and 31 student-staff, PCMP operates, funds, and instructs 8 weekly arts education programs, and organizes 3 annual large-scale public arts initiatives, free-of-charge. PCMP is the first student-led nonprofit grants recipient of Miami-Dade County, State of Florida, and the only student-run instructional contractor to the Miami-Dade School Board. PCMP is driven by the principle that every child should have access to a high-quality music education that not only encourages them as musicians, but utilizes the arts as a vehicle for social change.
  • Play on Philly! (POP) (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)[62] started in 2011 with 110 underserved children (grades 1 to 8) in St. Francis de Sales, a West Philadelphia school. Another site at the Freire Charter Middle School, established in September 2010, brought the total number of students to close to 250. In addition to group instrumental lessons children study composition, general music, choir, chamber and ensemble music. POP employs 31 teaching artists. A major part of the program is a series of 30 concerts in the community throughout the year as well as visits from guest artists and conductors.
  • Q the Music (Dayton, Ohio)[63][64] was founded in September 2012 through the Dayton Philharmonic Orchestra. The program serves around 70 students in Grades 3 through 6 at Ruskin Elementary, a Dayton Public School.
  • Shift: Englewood Youth Orchestra (Chicago, Illinois)[65] was founded in July 2014 by Larry Gerber, Ayriole Frost and Albert Oppenheimer. It serves children grades 3 through 8 in the Englewood neighborhood of Chicago, and takes place at Wentworth Elementary School.[66]
  • Soundscapes (Newport News, Virginia) was founded in 2009 and opened its first nucleo at Carver Elementary. In 2012 the program opened its second nucleo at Downing-Gross Cultural Arts Center.[67]
  • UpBeat NYC (Bronx, New York) was established in 2009.[68] It is a free community music program in the Mott Haven neighborhood of the South Bronx. Its activities include an orchestra program for ages 8 and up providing lessons, sectionals, and ensemble rehearsals, a beginner violin orchestra that transitions children from paper orchestra to real instruments and prepares students for the orchestra program, and a pre-orchestra program for ages 5–7 that implements Kodály methodology and a paper orchestra curriculum. The majority of UpBeat's staff are volunteer musicians.
  • Union City Music Project (UCMP) (Union City, New Jersey) is the first El Sistema program in the New Jersey. The UCMP launched operations in March 2012 through a Paper Orchestra. It has support from volunteer parents but all teaching artists are paid.[69]
  • WHIN Music Project (Washington Heights-Inwood, New York)[70] was founded by El Sistema Fellow David Gracia in August 2012. WHIN offers string orchestra and choir, early childhood music classes, as well as satellite programs in schools and daycare centers. Students receive masterclasses as well as opportunities to peer mentor.
  • Yakima Music en Acción (YAMA) (Yakima, Washington)[71] was founded by Sistema Fellow Stephanie Hsu in 2013 and currently serves 68 at-promise children at Garfield Elementary School in the Yakima Valley, ages 8 to 14. YAMA functions as an active community partnership between the Yakima Symphony Orchestra, the Yakima School District, and a robust group of involved parents.
  • YOLA (Youth Orchestra of Los Angeles) (Los Angeles, California) is a partnership between the Los Angeles Philharmonic, Harmony Project, EXPO Center, a City of Los Angeles Department of Recreation and Parks facility, Heart of Los Angeles (HOLA), and Los Angeles County High School for the Arts (LACHSA). The orchestra receives artistic direction from the Los Angeles Philharmonic via conductor Juan Felipe Molano and LA Phil Music Director Gustavo Dudamel, who has led the orchestra at Walt Disney Concert Hall and the Hollywood Bowl. In the Super Bowl 50 halftime show the YOLA directed by Dudamel joined the members of Coldplay to perform "Viva la Vida", "Paradise", and "Adventure of a Lifetime". With the support of Yola, Global Arts has a similar mission of El Sistema, but strives to take it one step further by providing the same developmental and nurturing environment for educators as well as students with host classes and workshops for families and community members. Global Arts serves in the Pico Union District of Los Angeles and eventually expand to neighborhoods in Los Angeles, and throughout the US and other countries.
  • YOLA National Festival (Youth Orchestra Los Angeles National Festival) (Los Angeles, California) Previously known as National Take a Stand Festival, YOLA National Festival is an intensive summer learning program for the top-tier musicians aged 12–18 of El Sistema in America, the program has an acceptance rate of less than twenty percent. Student musicians of this program perform at Walt Disney Concert Hall with Gustavo Dudamel for their annual performance.YOLA National Festival is provided free of cost covering air-travel, boarding, instruction, etc. The Los Angeles Philharmonic funds the program. In October 2021, YOLA opened its own music hall: The Judith and Thomas L. Beckmen YOLA Center in Inglewood, designed by architect Frank Gehry.
  • YOSA (Youth Orchestra of San Antonio) (San Antonio, Texas) is located in the "Good Sam" Community Services Center in West San Antonio and run by an expatriate Briton, Steven Payne. YOSA has five orchestras and 450 students. It also has the financial support of a local businessman, Al Silva, a man of Mexican heritage who grew up the area.[72]
  • Young Musician Initiative (YMI) (Albuquerque, New Mexico) is a youth outreach arm of the New Mexico Philharmonic, and is run by Matt Hart. Begun in January 2013, YMI offers instrumental and choral education to K-7th grade students in select Title 1 schools in Albuquerque.[73]

Canada

El Sistema-based programs exist in almost every province of Canada, with over 20 programs in existence and more being started each year.[74]

El Sistema Aeolian (London, Ontario) was established in November 2011 and grew out of The Aeolian Performing Arts Centre, in London, Ontario.[75] It serves approximately 75 students attracted from the greater London area. Currently, the program runs 4 days per week and includes youth string orchestra, choir, an adult orchestra, a full meal/snack, Indonesian gamelan, free donated pianos/lessons and gives between 15 and 20 performances per year.

El Sistema South London (ESSL)[76] (London, Ontario and St. Thomas, Ontario) was established in 2012 serving students at two South London schools. In 2018, the program expanded to serve schools in St. Thomas, Ontario. Also in 2018, a new program entitled Ability Through Drumming was established to provide drumming lessons to children in London with physical and developmental disabilities.

OrKidstra[77] (Ottawa, Ontario) was established in October 2007. It serves 400 students from Centretown inner-city schools through in-school programming (150 students) and after school programming (250 students). The program is made possible through its many partnerships with local community supporters like: OCDSB,[78] and the National Arts Centre.

Quintissimo[79] (Belleville, Ontario) was established in January 2023. It's mission is to create positive social change by providing free music education to underserved children in the Bay of Quinte area. Lessons are currently offered out of Prince Edward Collegiate Institute.[80]

Saint James Music Academy[81] (Vancouver, British Columbia) Canada's first El-sistema program, was established in September 2007.[82] It serves 480 students from Downtown Eastside inner-city schools through its outreach (280 students) and after school program (200 students). The program is an official community partner of the Vancouver Symphony Orchestra.

Sistema Kingston is a program based at Molly Brant Elementary School in Kingston, Ontario. The program's partnership includes The Dan School of Drama & Music at Queen's University and the Joe Chithalen Memorial Music Instrument Lending Library (Joe's MILL).

Sistema New Brunswick (Moncton, New Brunswick) A program of the New Brunswick Youth Orchestra, Sistema NB was started in 2009[83] in Moncton and has since grown to include centres all across the province. It is an intensive music education program engaging more than 1,200 children and youth, 2–3 hours after school, 5 days per week during the school year. It comprises a network of 1) local children’s orchestras in 9 communities throughout the province of New Brunswick, 2) regional youth orchestras, and 3) a renowned provincial youth orchestra. Sistema NB serves urban and rural communities, operates in both English and French, and engages children and youth from under-resourced, indigenous and newcomer communities. In 2021, Sistema NB launched ’10,000 Children’,[84] with a goal and plan to more than double in size and to engage 10,000 children and youth in New Brunswick over the life of the plan. Sistema NB is generously supported by the Province of New Brunswick and many individuals, businesses, charitable foundations and others.

Sistema Toronto[85] was founded in 2011 by businessman and community activist Robert Eisenberg. Sistema Toronto's first centre opened at Parkdale Junior and Senior Public School; the second opened in 2013 at Jane/Finch's Yorkwoods Public School. Sistema Toronto has since opened two centres at Military Trail Public School and St. Martin de Porres Catholic School in Scarborough's Kingston-Galloway-Orton Park neighbourhood. As of 2017, enrollment is 240 children aged 6–13.

Sistema Winnipeg was started in 2011 as a partnership between the Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra, Winnipeg School Division, and Sevenoaks School Division.[86][87][88] The programme runs every day after school for approximately 130 students, and includes a meal, choir, orchestra, and social programming. Sistema Winnipeg performs regularly with the Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra[89] and is led by Music Director Naomi Woo, also assistant conductor of the Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra.[90]

YONA-Sistema (Youth Orchestra of Northern Alberta – Sistema) (Edmonton, Alberta) was established in September 2013.[91] It serves students at Delton School and Mother Teresa Elementary School in Edmonton, Alberta and is offered through a partnership between the Edmonton Symphony Orchestra, the Edmonton Catholic School District, the Edmonton Public School Board, and the Inner City Children's Program.

United Kingdom

In Harmony is a British government-led music education and community development project which is based on El Sistema[92][93] It was begun in 2009 with Julian Lloyd Webber appointed chairman of its steering group. The project receives funding from the Department for Education and Arts Council England. On 22 November 2007, Julian Lloyd Webber noted the following in regard to the UK government's announcement of an infusion of £332 million dedicated to music education:

We also have an impoverished South American nation to thank.[94] Last August, in the midst of school holidays, when an uncomfortable number of British children seemed even more disaffected than usual, the Simon Bolivar Youth Orchestra arrived from Venezuela to deliver performances at the Edinburgh Festival and the London Proms that were, quite simply, miraculous"[95]

Lloyd Webber visited Venezuela in late 2009 and reported on what he saw there.[96] The project has centers in Lambeth (led by Lambeth Council's Children and Young People's Service), Leeds, (led by Opera North), Liverpool (led by the Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra), Newcastle Gateshead, (led by The Sage Gateshead), Nottingham, (led by Nottingham City Council), Norwich, (led by NORCA and Sistema in Norwich, and Telford and Stoke-on-Trent (led by Telford and Wrekin Music)[97][98]

In 2013, El Sistema announced a partnership In Harmony, which will result in children from both England and Venezuela to work together in a series of music-making projects.[99]

The Nucleo Project was founded by Lucy Maguire in February 2013, in a basement in Notting Hill. It is a social action programme in North Kensington that uses the pursuit of musical excellence as a way to enrich the lives of children, young people and their families. Beginning with five children, the project grew rapidly, with over 200 children of ages 2–18 in six different orchestras.

Sistema Scotland was established with a grant from the Scottish Arts Council in 2008, as a result of an initiative by its chairman Richard Holloway in the economically deprived area of Raploch, in Stirling. They run 'Big Noise' programmes across Scotland, which are high-quality music education and social change programmes that work intensively with children, young people and families within targeted communities. The charity now run six Big Noise programmes, in Raploch (Stirling), Govanhill (Glasgow), Torry (Aberdeen), Douglas (Dundee), Fallin (Stirling), and Wester Hailes (Edinburgh).[100][101]

Portugal

Orquestra Geração (Generation Orchestra)

This name used to describe the 16 centres currently using it to reference activities throughout the country. It was started in 2005 in a small way in Amadora on the northern outskirts of Lisbon. It is now a solid project ready to expand and to influence Portuguese social inclusion methodology and government policy. Some 850 young people are now involved, in 16 schools in 11 towns: Loures, Oeiras, Sintra, Amadora, Sesimbra, Vila Franca de Xira, Lisboa, Coimbra, Amarante and Gondomar.

Philippines

Inspired by El Sistema, the Orchestra of the Filipino Youth, is the main arm of Ang Misyon Inc., an institution that supports and provide free music education to the less privileged and talented children in the Philippines.

Sistemang Pilipino in Cebu City began in spirit in October 2009, when the documentary film, Tocar Y Luchar was shown to a group of violin teachers. The organization was registered in January 2013 as a Non-Stock, Non-Profit organization, providing music instruction and values formation to children and youth from underserved communities in the Philippines, starting with Cebu in the Central Visayas Region. It has served five communities since summer of 2013, with an estimate of 500 students who have passed through its choir and string training programs. Website: www.sistemangpilipino.org

Colombia

The Fundación Nacional Batuta was founded in 1991, modelled on Venezuela's El Sistema. By 2020 over 500,000 children and young people had taken part in Batuta's musical programmes since its launch in 1991.[102] After Venezuela, it is the largest such programme in the world.[103]

Peru

Inspirated by El Sistema in 2011, the laureated tenor Juan Diego Flores started Symphony for Peru offering music classes and activities for children in low-income families, giving them a chance to develop their talent, teach them values through the arts and pull them away from at-risk situations.

Germany

Musaik – Grenzenlos musizieren started in 2017 in Dresden-Prohlis on the initiative of the music educators Luise Börner and Deborah Oehler. The success and sustainability of the program (built on the philosophy of El Sistema) are based on the intensity of the lessons (three times a week), group lessons, community music making and ensemble work.

Uruguay

El Sistema supports the "One Child, One Instrument" program of Sodre National Youth Orchestra of Teatro Solis with teachers an directors.

International recognition of El Sistema

The Glenn Gould Prize was awarded to El Sistema founder José Antonio Abreu on 14 February 2008.[104][105] Brian Levine, managing director of the Glenn Gould Foundation, in an account of his 2008 visit to Caracas wrote: "El Sistema has demonstrated conclusively that music education is the gateway to lifelong learning and a better future."

The Prince of Asturias Award for the Arts was awarded to El Sistema on 28 May 2008.[106]

The National Performing Arts Convention 2008, held in Denver, Colorado, featured Abreu as a guest speaker on 13 June 2008.[107]

The TED Prize was awarded to José Antonio Abreu on 5 February 2009 for his work on El Sistema. A pre-recorded speech was played at the ceremony in which he explained his philosophy.[108] The prize allowed for the creation of the Abreu Fellows.

The Polar Music Prize from Sweden was awarded to El Sistema and Maestro Abreu in 2009.

The Kellogg Institute for International Studies at the University of Notre Dame awarded Abreu the Notre Dame Prize for Distinguished Public Service in Latin America on 22 September 2014.[109]

The Institute of Education, University of London awarded Abreu an honorary degree in 2013

In the media

  • Tocar y Luchar (Play and Fight), a documentary film produced by Alberto Arvelo in 2004 on the subject of El Sistema.[110] The film has won several awards, including Best Documentary at both the 2007 Cine Las Americas International Film Festival and also the CineMás Albuquerque Latino Film Festival.[111]
  • El Sistema, a 2008 documentary made by Paul Smaczny and Maria Stodtmeier about the system. Production: EuroArts Music Production, ARTE France, NHK.[112] The film won the Best Documentary Feature Award at the Chicago International Movies and Music Festival in 2010 and Best Documentary at the Orlando Hispanic Film Festival in 2009.
  • Dudamel: Conducting a Life[113] is an hour-long PBS program hosted by Tavis Smiley on the subject of music education in the United States, with a focus on Gustavo Dudamel and his achievements with the L.A. Philharmonic. The report includes a look at how the Boston Conservatory Lab Charter School works with children.
  • El Sistema:[114] a report on CBS's 60 Minutes from 13 April 2008 which explores the "System" and includes interviews with some of the Venezuelan children who are members of an orchestra.
  • Crescendo! The Power of Music:[115] is a 2014 documentary film about Sistema-inspired programs in Philadelphia and Harlem.
  • Mozart in the Jungle: the character of Rodrigo de Souza (played by Gael García Bernal) is loosely based on Gustavo Dudamel, the Venezuelan music director of the Los Angeles Philharmonic.[116] Dudamel coached García Bernal before the latter conducted, in the character of Rodrigo, for a real performance of the Los Angeles Philharmonic at the Hollywood Bowl, scenes of which were used for the second season opener.[117] Dudamel has a cameo in that episode, acting as a stagehand trying to convince Rodrigo to move to Los Angeles.
  • The Music Inside, which tells the stories of Kidznotes students, wins both a Telly and a regional Emmy Award for Documentary Short Film in 2016–17.

Notable alumni

See also

References

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 Lesniak
  2. ↑ Slevin
  3. 1 2 3 4 "Gustavo Dudamel condena la represión en Venezuela: 'Ya basta de desatender el justo clamor de un pueblo sofocado' (Published 2017)". The New York Times (in Spanish). 4 May 2017. Retrieved 18 August 2023. A pesar de la gran labor social de El Sistema, su cercanía con el gobierno ha hecho que muchos se pregunten si esa institución, la orquesta nacional y el mismo Dudamel funcionan como una especie de órgano propagandístico de un gobierno que ha sumido a ese país en una de las crisis más grave de su historia.
  4. 1 2 Organization of American States, ed. (2018). "TORTURA COMO CRIMEN DE LESA HUMANIDAD". INFORME DE LA SECRETARÍA GENERAL DE LA ORGANIZACIÓN DE LOS ESTADOS AMERICANOS Y DEL PANEL DE EXPERTOS INTERNACIONALES INDEPENDIENTES SOBRE LA POSIBLE COMISIÓN DE CRÍMENES DE LESA HUMANIDAD EN VENEZUELA (PDF). Washington D.C. Retrieved 24 June 2018.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  5. 1 2 "Wuilly Arteaga desmintió video publicado por Diosdado Cabello en VTV". El Impulso. 17 August 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
  6. 1 2 Phillip, Ricqcolia (18 July 2019). "Venezuela frees musician jailed after blasting Maduro online". Loop News. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  7. ↑ Tunstall (2012), p. 35
  8. ↑ Abreau, as quoted in Tunstall, p. 273
  9. ↑ Tunstall (2012), p. 84
  10. 1 2 Arthur Lubow, "Conductor of the People", The New York Times, 28 October 2007
  11. ↑ "Abreu". Yoa.org. 7 May 1939. Archived from the original on 20 May 2014. Retrieved 11 August 2014.
  12. ↑ Charlotte Higgins (24 November 2006). "Land of hope and glory". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 1 September 2007.
  13. ↑ Ed Vulliamy (29 July 2007). "Orchestral manoeuvres". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 1 September 2007.
  14. ↑ Rory Carroll (4 September 2007). "Chávez pours millions more into pioneering music scheme". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 8 September 2007.
  15. ↑ Wakin, Daniel J. (18 February 2012). "Music Meets Chávez Politics, and Critics Frown". The New York Times.
  16. ↑ "IDB approves US$150 million to support youth orchestras in Venezuela – Inter-American Development Bank". Iadb.org. Retrieved 11 August 2014.
  17. ↑ "tipom.wordpress.com". tipom.wordpress.com. Retrieved 11 August 2014.
  18. ↑ "Las notas desafinadas de el sistema" [The out-of-tune notes of the system]. alianza.shorthandstories.com. Connectas. Retrieved 3 September 2023.
  19. ↑ Baker, Geoff (11 November 2014). "El Sistema: a model of tyranny?". The Guardian.
  20. ↑ El Sistema: Orchestrating Venezuela's Youth (Oxford University Press)
  21. ↑ Thompson, Damian (6 December 2014). "Sex, lies and El Sistema". The Spectator
  22. ↑ Gilbert, Lawrence Scripp, Josh (18 January 2016). ""All That Matters Is How Good It Sounds"". VAN Magazine. Retrieved 8 September 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  23. ↑ Baker, Geoffrey; Frega, Ana Lucía (8 August 2018). "'Producing musicians like sausages': new perspectives on the history and historiography of Venezuela's El Sistema". Music Education Research. 20 (4): 502–516. doi:10.1080/14613808.2018.1433151. ISSN 1461-3808.
  24. ↑ lebrecht, norman (13 February 2014). "An open letter to Gustavo Dudamel on the Venezuela situation". Slippedisc. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
  25. ↑ lebrecht, norman (10 December 2017). "Exclusive: El Sistema founder had a phantom PhD". Slippedisc. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
  26. ↑ Baker, Geoff; Cheng, William (27 May 2021). "The 'open secret' of sexual abuse in Venezuela's famous youth orchestra program is finally exposed". The Washington Post. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
  27. ↑ Baker, Geoff (24 June 2021). "The Disturbing Noise Coming Out of El Sistema". Caracas Chronicles. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
  28. 1 2 Tunstall (2012), pp. 118–125
  29. ↑ Davidson, Justin (18 November 2007). "Simón Bolívar Youth Orchestra of Venezuela at Carnegie Hall – New York Magazine Classical Music Review". Nymag.com. Retrieved 11 August 2014.
  30. ↑ Tommasini, Anthony (22 November 2007). "Berlin and Caracas Show New York a Thing or Two About Music Outreach". The New York Times.
  31. ↑ Quoted in Tunstall (2012), p. 125
  32. ↑ Tunstall (2012), p. 126
  33. ↑ Tunstall (2012), p. 127
  34. ↑ "Wuilly Arteaga se fue de Venezuela". El Nacional. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
  35. 1 2 Noriega, Nadeska (13 July 2019). "Clarinetista cumple 43 días detenida en la Dgcim por su postura política". El Pitazo (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 July 2019.
  36. ↑ "Expulsan a clarinetista de la Orquesta Filarmónica de Venezuela por oponerse al régimen de Maduro". CiberCuba (in Spanish). 30 May 2019. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  37. ↑ SunStar Media. "El Sistema USA's website". Elsistemausa.org. Retrieved 11 August 2014.
  38. ↑ "El Sistema: Venezuelan Music Education Miracle", 7 November 2007. Speakers included: Mark Slavkin, V.P., Education, LA Music Center; Leni Boorstin, Director, Community Affairs, LA Philharmonic; Sebastian Ruth, Founder, Director, Community MusicWorks; Steve Seidel, Director, Project Zero; George Simpson, Director, Roland Hayes School of Music; John Tobin, Chair, Arts Committee, Boston City Council; Polly Kahn, V.P., League of American Orchestras; Mark Churchill, Dean, Preparatory & Continuing Ed., NEC.
  39. ↑ Abreau quoted in Tunstall (2012), p. 143
  40. ↑ "Conservatory Lab Charter School | El Sistema Infused Curriculum". Conservatory Lab Charter School.
  41. ↑ Tunstall, p. 239
  42. ↑ SunStar Media. "About | El Sistema in the U.S." El Sistema USA. Archived from the original on 27 February 2012. Retrieved 11 August 2014.
  43. ↑ Wakin, Daniel J. (4 October 2011). "Los Angeles Orchestra to Lead Youth Effort". The New York Times.
  44. ↑ Tunstall, pp. 238–245
  45. ↑ "Atlanta Music Project website". Atlantamusicproject.org. Retrieved 11 August 2014.
  46. ↑ "Austin Soundwaves". austinsoundwaves.org. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  47. ↑ "chimop.org". chimop.org. Retrieved 11 August 2014.
  48. ↑ "marylyonschool.com". marylyonschool.com. Retrieved 11 August 2014.
  49. ↑ "El Sistema Lehigh Valley – Allentown Symphony Association Education and Outreach – Miller Symphony Hall – Downtown Allentown". www.millersymphonyhall.org. Retrieved 30 November 2015.
  50. ↑ Tunstall, pp. 232–238
  51. ↑ "Teachers | Harmony Program". Harmonyprogram.cuny.edu. Retrieved 11 August 2014.
  52. ↑ Archived 26 June 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  53. ↑ Kidznotes.org
  54. ↑ "home". miami music project. 6 November 2011. Archived from the original on 20 October 2014. Retrieved 11 August 2014.
  55. ↑ "mycincinnatiorchestra.org". mycincinnatiorchestra.org. Retrieved 11 August 2014.
  56. ↑ "OD Program Design". www.lemp-arts.org.
  57. ↑ Tunstall, p. 222
  58. ↑ Quoted in Tunstall, p. 225
  59. ↑ Wharton Institute for the Performing Arts. "About Paterson Music Project" Archived 27 September 2016 at the Wayback Machine
  60. ↑ "People's Music School: Free Music Education for Children in Chicago". Peoplesmusicschool.org. Archived from the original on 10 August 2014. Retrieved 11 August 2014.
  61. ↑ "Home". www.pcmpmusic.org. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
  62. ↑ "playonphilly.org". playonphilly.org. Retrieved 11 August 2014.
  63. ↑ "Dayton Philharmonic Q the Music". Dayton Philharmonic Q the Music. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
  64. ↑ "Dayton Performing Arts Alliance | Ballet | Opera | Philharmonic :: Q the Music :: Learning, Creating, Performing". daytonperformingarts.org. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
  65. ↑ "shiftyouth.org". shiftyouth.org. Retrieved 11 February 2015.
  66. ↑ "wentworthelementary.org". wentworthelementary.org. Archived from the original on 23 December 2014. Retrieved 11 February 2015.
  67. ↑ "Home". Soundscapes.
  68. ↑ "upbeatnyc.org". upbeatnyc.org. Retrieved 11 August 2014.
  69. ↑ "About UCMP | Union City Music Project". Ucmusicproject.org. 21 November 2013. Retrieved 11 August 2014.
  70. ↑ music project. "Home". whinmusicproject. Archived from the original on 12 August 2014. Retrieved 11 August 2014.
  71. ↑ "yamamusic.org". yamamusic.org. Retrieved 10 May 2016.
  72. ↑ Tunstall, pp. 213–221
  73. ↑ "Young Musician Initiative".
  74. ↑ "El Sistema Global Program Directory – Sistema Global".
  75. ↑ "EL SISTEMA AEOLIAN: Brass and Winds – The Aeolian Hall". "El Sistema Aeolian – The Aeolian Hall".
  76. ↑ "EL SISTEMA SOUTH LONDON (CANADA)". EL SISTEMA SOUTH LONDON (CANADA). Retrieved 8 December 2019.
  77. ↑ "OrKidstra – Changing Lives Through The Power of Music". OrKidstra.
  78. ↑ "Home". ocdsb.ca.
  79. ↑ "Quintissimo – The sound of social change". Quintissimo.
  80. ↑ "About Quintissimo". quintissimo.ca.
  81. ↑ "St. James Music Academy". Saint James Music Academy.
  82. ↑ Westminster, Anglican Diocese of New. "St. James begins music academy". Anglican Diocese of New Westminster.
  83. ↑ "Sistema | Making a difference through music". sistemanb.ca. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
  84. ↑ "10,000 Children Campaign". Sistema. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
  85. ↑ "Home | Sistema Toronto". www.sistema-toronto.ca.
  86. ↑ "Sistema Winnipeg – Elwick Community School". www.7oaks.org.
  87. ↑ "Winnipeg School Division".
  88. ↑ "Sistema Winnipeg". Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra.
  89. ↑ "WSO performs with Sistema Students". Manitoba Post. 5 May 2018.
  90. ↑ "Classical music prodigy coming to Winnipeg to wow audiences, work with underprivileged kids | CBC News".
  91. ↑ YONA-Sistema. About
  92. ↑ inharmonyengland.com
  93. ↑ Service, Tom (30 September 2009). "Why the in Harmony project rings true | Tom Service | Music". theguardian. Retrieved 11 August 2014.
  94. ↑ "Gustavo Dudamel". The Guardian. 29 July 2007.
  95. ↑ "Culture, Arts and Entertainment". The Telegraph. 20 August 2011. Archived from the original on 22 November 2007. Retrieved 11 August 2014.
  96. ↑ Classical Music. "El Sistema: when music cuts crime and saves lives". The Telegraph. Retrieved 11 August 2014.
  97. ↑ "telfordculturezone.com". telfordculturezone.com. 7 October 2013. Archived from the original on 4 August 2014. Retrieved 11 August 2014.
  98. ↑ "In Harmony projects | In Harmony • Sistema England". 19 October 2012. Archived from the original on 19 October 2012.
  99. ↑ "In Harmony project joins forces with El Sistema". Classic FM. Retrieved 24 March 2022.
  100. ↑ Higgins, Charlotte (14 January 2009). "Now for a samba: A Venezuelan music scheme has changed the lives of thousands of kids from the barrios. Can it work in Scotland?". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 1 May 2010.
  101. ↑ "Venezuela in Scotland launches today". Scottisharts.org.uk. 17 August 2007. Archived from the original on 5 November 2011. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
  102. ↑ "Más de 600 voces de niños y niñas de todo el país se unen a las de reconocidos cantantes colombianos en el Gran Concierto Virtual Batuta". Ministerio de Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones. 19 October 2020. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
  103. ↑ Catherine Surace (29 April 2018). "Music for Recognizing Ourselves: Batuta, The Colombian Sistema". The Ensemble News. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
  104. ↑ "Venezuelan conductor, educator Jose Abreu wins Glenn Gould Prize". Cbc.ca. 15 February 2008. Retrieved 26 February 2012.
  105. ↑ "The Glenn Gould Foundation – Eighth Prize (2008)". Glenngould.ca. Retrieved 11 August 2014.
  106. ↑ "Prince of Asturias Foundation website". Fundacionprincipedeasturias.org. Archived from the original on 10 July 2012. Retrieved 11 August 2014.
  107. ↑ "About - Archive | National Performing Arts Convention". Archived from the original on 22 December 2010.
  108. ↑ "Jose Antonio Abreu: The El Sistema music revolution | Talk Video". TED.com. 28 May 2014. Retrieved 11 August 2014.
  109. ↑ "Venezuelan Maestro Receives Final Notre Dame Prize for Distinguished Public Service | Kellogg Institute For International Studies". kellogg.nd.edu.
  110. ↑ "tocaryluchar Resources and Information". tocaryluchar.com. Archived from the original on 24 April 2014. Retrieved 11 August 2014.
  111. ↑ Archived 12 August 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  112. ↑ "el-sistema-film.com". el-sistema-film.com. Archived from the original on 12 August 2014. Retrieved 11 August 2014.
  113. ↑ "Dudamel: Conducting a Life | Tavis Smiley Reports | PBSTavis Smiley". PBS. 29 December 2010. Retrieved 11 August 2014.
  114. ↑ "El Sistema – 60 Minutes Videos". CBS News. 20 July 2008. Retrieved 11 August 2014.
  115. ↑ Crescendo! The Power of Music at IMDb
  116. ↑ Ng, David (10 February 2014). "Mozart in the Jungle: Is 'Rodrigo' a parody of Gustavo Dudamel?". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
  117. ↑ Swed, Mark (31 July 2015). "L.A. Phil, Dudamel dive into the Mozart in the Jungle act at the Bowl". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
  118. ↑ Boshkoff, p. 25
  119. ↑ Gresham, Mark. "Alcides Rodriguez is a Product of the System". Creative Loafing Atlanta. Creative Loafing. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
  120. ↑ "The BBC Proms 2016: few surprises, but a solid programme". The Guardian. London.
  121. ↑ Prom 67: Simón Bolívar Symphony Orchestra and Gustavo Dudamel, Royal Albert Hall

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