Sindhi Balochs
(Sindhi) سنڌي ٻروچ‎
(Balochi) سندی بلۏچ
Total population
~ 11.8 million[1]
Regions with significant populations
Languages
Religion
Related ethnic groups
Baloch • Baloch diaspora • Baloch of Punjab

The Balochs of Sindh, (Sindhi: سنڌي ٻروچ‎, Balochi: سندی بلۏچ), is a community of Sindhi-speaking Baloch tribes living throughout the Sindh province of Pakistan.[2]

Settling in the region for centuries, Baloch tribes own large agricultural land and related businesses in Sindh, a large part of them being landlords in Sindh.[3]

Demographics

According to the 2023 Pakistan census, the total population of Sindh is 57,931,907.

Up to 40% of the Sindhis have ethnically Baloch ancestry, the Baloch tribes having settled in Sindh mainly in the 16th century.[4]

This gives an approximate number of 11.8 million of Sindhis with some Baloch ancestry.

Talpur dynasty

The Talpur dynasty (Sindhi: تالپردور, Balochi: تالپرء اۏبادگ) was a Sindhi speaking Baloch tribe settled in Sindh and Balochistan who ruled the region. The Talpurs were ethnically Baloch and Shia Muslims by faith. They ruled from 1783 until 1843, when they were defeated by the British at the Battle of Miani and Battle of Dubbo. The northern Khairpur branch of the Talpur dynasty however, continued to maintain a degree of sovereignty during British rule as the princely state of Khairpur.[5] Its ruler joined the new Dominion of Pakistan in October 1947 as an autonomous region in Pakistan.

History

It is believed that the Balochs migrated from Balochistan during the Little Ice Age.[6] The Little Ice Age is conventionally defined as a period extending from the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries,[7][8][9] or alternatively, from about 1300[10] to about 1850.[11][12][13] Although climatologists and historians working with local records no longer expect to agree on either the start or end dates of this period, which varied according to local conditions.

According to Dr Akhtar Baloch of the University of Karachi, the climate of Balochistan was very cold and the region was uninhabitable during the winter so the Baloch people migrated in waves and settled in Sindh and Punjab.[14]

Language

Balochs of Sindh mostly migrated from Balochistan to Sindh from 16th to 19th century.[6] Majority of Balochs in Sindh historically speak Siraiki as their mother tongue, that was the reason that in old times "Balochki" term was used interchangeably for Siraiki dialect by Sindhis.[15][16] even today many balochs speak Siraiki as their first language, however many balochs of urban Sindh only speak Sindhi as first language. Today most balochs speak Sindhi and Siraiki as their first languages. Nomad Balochs of border areas of Balochistan and Sindh speak a mixed dialect of Sindhi and Balochi.

Recent migrated Sindhi Balochs are divided into two dialect speakers. Baloch of upper districts of Sindh speak Sulemani (eastern balochi) dialect of Balochi and lower districts like Karachi and in other districts, Baloch speak Makrani (Southern balochi) dialect. A small number of Brahuis also speak Brahui. This language is also spoken in central districts of Balochistan.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Yusuf, Huma; Hasan, Syed Shoaib (2015). "Conflict dynamics in Sindh" (PDF). United States Institute of Peace. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 June 2023. Up to 40 percent of Sindhis are of Baloch origin, hailing from tribes that settled in present-day Sindh in the sixteenth century.
  2. ↑ Siddiqi, Farhan Hanif (2012). The Politics of Ethnicity in Pakistan: The Baloch, Sindhi and Mohajir Ethnic Movements. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-68614-3.
  3. ↑ "Baloch and Sindhis share historic ties". May 26, 2017.
  4. ↑ Yusuf, Huma; Hasan, Syed Shoaib (2015). "Conflict dynamics in Sindh" (PDF). United States Institute of Peace. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 June 2023. Up to 40 percent of Sindhis are of Baloch origin, hailing from tribes that settled in present-day Sindh in the sixteenth century.
  5. ↑ "Historical Background of Talpur Mirs of Sindh". The Royal Talpurs and the Heritage of Sindh. Retrieved 2020-08-21.
  6. 1 2 Mahim Maher (28 March 2014). "From Zardaris to Makranis: How the Baloch came to Sindh". The Express Tribune. Retrieved 4 November 2017.
  7. ↑ Mann, Michael (2003). "Little Ice Age". In Michael C MacCracken and John S Perry (ed.). Encyclopedia of Global Environmental Change, Volume 1, The Earth System: Physical and Chemical Dimensions of Global Environmental Change (PDF). John Wiley & Sons. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 January 2013. Retrieved 17 November 2012.
  8. ↑ Lamb, HH (1972). "The cold Little Ice Age climate of about 1550 to 1800". Climate: present, past and future. London: Methuen. p. 107. ISBN 0-416-11530-6. (noted in Grove 2004:4).
  9. ↑ "Earth observatory Glossary L-N". NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Green Belt MD: NASA. Retrieved 17 July 2015. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help).
  10. ↑ Miller et al. 2012. "Abrupt onset of the Little Ice Age triggered by volcanism and sustained by sea-ice/ocean feedbacks" Geophysical Research Letters 39, 31 January: abstract (formerly on AGU website) (accessed via wayback machine 11 July 2015); see press release on AGU website (accessed 11 July 2015).
  11. ↑ Grove, J.M., Little Ice Ages: Ancient and Modern, Routledge, London (2 volumes) 2004.
  12. ↑ Matthews, J.A. and Briffa, K.R., "The 'Little Ice Age': re-evaluation of an evolving concept", Geogr. Ann., 87, A (1), pp. 17–36 (2005). Retrieved 17 July 2015.
  13. ↑ "1.4.3 Solar Variability and the Total Solar Irradiance - AR4 WGI Chapter 1: Historical Overview of Climate Change Science". Ipcc.ch. Retrieved 24 June 2013.
  14. ↑ "From Zardaris to Makranis: How the Baloch came to Sindh". The Express Tribune. March 27, 2014.
  15. ↑ Wagha, Ahsan (1990). The Siraiki Language: Its Growth and Development. Dderawar Publications.
  16. ↑ Khan, Hussain Ahmad (2004-08-01). Re-Thinking Punjab: The Construction of Siraiki Identity. Research and Publication Centre, National College of Arts, Lahore. p. 87. ISBN 978-969-8623-09-8. In the 1960s, some writers and intellectuals from southern Punjab convened a meeting and decided to discard home-sprung names like Multani, Muzaffargarhi, Uchi, Riasti, Derewali, Hindko, Jaghadali, Thalchari, Lahnda, Jatki, and Balochki often used for the local languages and replace them with a single word "Siraiki".
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