Shukriyya Akhundzada
NKVD mugshot, 1937
Born1902
Batumi, Caucasus Viceroyalty, Russian Empire
DiedOctober 1993(1993-10-00) (aged 90–91)
Çinarlı, Shamkir, Azerbaijan
Other namesShukriyya Javad
SpouseAhmad Javad

Shukriyya Akhundzada (Azerbaijani: Şükriyyə Axundzadə; 1902 – October 1993), also known as Shukriyya Javad (Azerbaijani: Şükriyyə Cavad) was the wife of the Azerbaijani poet Ahmad Javad and a victim of the Stalinist repressions in Azerbaijan.

In 1937, she was arrested along with her husband. Shukriyya was sentenced to eight years of exile at the Akmolinsk Camp of Wives of Traitors to the Motherland in modern-day northern Kazakhstan. She was released in 1945 and acquitted in 1955 after being found innocent. Her life inspired several plays, books, and songs, as well as numerous theater performances.

Biography

Shukriyya Suleyman gizi Bejanidze was born to an ethnic Adjarian noble house in 1902 in the city of Batumi, then part of the Caucasus viceroyalty of the Russian Empire, modern day Georgia.[1] She completed her high school in Batumi and was fluent in Georgian, Ajar, Turkish and Russian.[2]

She met Ahmad Javad in 1914 while he was living in Batumi as the secretary of the Turkish Army Aid Fund.[3] Despite efforts to arrange a marriage through intermediaries, Shukriyya's father was against the match. As a result, Shukriyya and Ahmad Javad eloped and started a family in Ganja, modern-day Azerbaijan.[4]

In 1920, after the April occupation, Ahmad Javad was appointed as a teacher in Qusar.[5] Shukriyya, along with her family, moved to Xuluq, a village in Qusar.[6] They lived there until 1922, after which they moved to Baku, the capital of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic.[7]

On the night of 3 June 1937, Ahmad and his wife Shukriyya were arrested with accusations of trying to spread Musavat-inspired nationalism in young Azerbaijani poets.[8][9][10] After Ahmad Javad's arrest, Shukriyya was offered the option of divorcing Ahmad Javad and returning to her maiden surname[11] to avoid further punishment or exile.[12] However, she refused divorce.[13] After being held in detention for some time as a "family member of an enemy of the people", on 9 December, she was sentenced to eight years in prison.[14][15] She was sent to a labor camp, Akmolinsk Camp of Wives of Traitors to the Motherland, on 2 February 1938.[15][16]

On 14 October 1945,[15] when her prison term ended, she was released and returned to the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic. She moved to Shamkir as she had been denied permission to live in Baku.[17] After returning from exile, she believed for several years that Ahmad Javad was still alive, making several appeals to various state authorities and the head of the USSR Council of Ministers, in an attempt to meet with him in prison. In 1955, she received the news that Ahmad Javad had been killed 18 years earlier, in 1937.[2][18] She was finally acquitted in December 1955.[4]

In October 1993, she died in the village of Çinarlı, in Shamkir, Azerbaijan.[19]

Legacy

In 1917, Ahmad Javad dedicated a poem titled "For my Shukriyya" (Azerbaijani: Şükriyyəm üçün) to Shukriyya. Later, Emin Sabitoglu composed music for this poem, and the song was performed by many artists under the title Şükriyyə taleyim.

In 2018, a book titled Cavad və Şükriyyə dastanı (The Story of Javad and Shukriyya) written by the author Sevinc Adalatgizi was presented.[20]

In 2021, the author Ulviyya Tahir wrote a historical novel titled Şükriyyə taleyim about Shukriyya Akhundzada and her life in exile.[21][22]

On 17 December 2022, the premiere of the play Kod adı: V. X. A. Or Kod adı: Vətən xainlərinin arvadları took place at the Azerbaijan State Youth Theater.[23][24] The play focuses on the events that befell the wives of political prisoners during the Stalin repressions, including the tragic life of Shukriyya Javad.[25]

On 30 June 2023, the premiere of the play Şükriyyə took place at the Azerbaijan State Academic National Drama Theatre.[26][27] This play is based on Cavid Zeynalli's Şükriyyə and centers on Shukriyya Akhundzada's life in exile in Kazakhstan. The innovative director of the play is the Distinguished Artist of the Arts, Bahram Osmanov.[28]

Family

Her father, Süleyman Bey Bejanidze, belonged to the lineage of the noble princes of Adjara. Their ancestors hailed from the village of Zendidi, part of modern day Turkey, where the family had burial sites, properties, and ports.[29]

Shukriyya and Ahmad Javad had five children; four sons, Niyazi, Aydın, Tuqay, Yılmaz, and one daughter, Almaz. In 1936, their daughter Almaz passed away at the age of 16 due to sarcoma.[30]

After the murder of Ahmad Javad and the exile of Shukriyya Akhundzada, their two-year-old son,[6] Yılmaz, was placed in a foster home. The 14-year-old Tuqay was sent to an orphanage intended for children in need of a strict upbringing, and the 16-year-old Aydın was sent to the Keshla prison.[31]

References

  1. ↑ "Ахунд-Заде Шукурия Сулейман Кизы" [Akhund-Zade Shukuria Suleiman Kizi]. Жертвы политического террора в СССР [Victims of political terror in the USSR] (in Russian). Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  2. 1 2 "Təhdidlərə baxmayaraq Əhməd Cavaddan boşanmadı, 8 il sürgündə oldu, ərinin ölümünü on beş ildən sonra öyrəndi – Şükriyyə Axundzadə haqqında maraqlı faktlar" [Despite the threats, she did not divorce Ahmet Javad, she was in exile for 8 years, she learned about her husband's death fifteen years later - interesting facts about Shukriya Akhundzadeh] (in Azerbaijani). kulis.az. 23 February 2023. Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  3. ↑ Əyyub Qiyas (19 October 2020). "Anar AXUNDZADƏ: "67 ildən sonra Əhməd Cavadın əmanəti bizə çatdı"" [Anar Akhundzade: "After 67 years, the trust of Ahmad Javad has reached us"] (in Azerbaijani). Ədəbiyyat qəzeti. Archived from the original on 11 August 2022. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
  4. 1 2 Həmidə Nizamiqızı (3 August 2012). "Dözümün lal sükutu, Kabus illərin salnaməsi və ya zəncirlənmiş son ümid" [The dumb silence of my patience, Chronicle of the nightmare years Or the last hope in chains] (in Azerbaijani). Mədəniyyət qəzeti. Archived from the original on 25 January 2020. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  5. ↑ Bulanova, O. (7 May 2018). "Ахмед Джавад: Поэт независимости, жертва красного террора" [Ahmed Javad: Poet of Independence, Victim of the Red Terror] (in Russian). azerhistory.com. Archived from the original on 6 May 2023. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
  6. 1 2 "Azərbaycanın İstiqlal şairi - Əhməd Cavad - Nəsiman YAQUBLU". Edebiyyatqazeti.az. 5 July 2022. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
  7. ↑ tərtibçi A.Məmmədova (2022). Əhməd Cavad – 130 (PDF). Bakı: Azərbaycan Milli Kitabxanası. p. 7. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 July 2023. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  8. ↑ Gasimov, Jalal (2020). Siyasi repressiya həyatda və ədəbiyyatda (1920-1950-ci illər) [Political repression in life and literature (1920s-1950s)] (PDF) (in Azerbaijani). Baku: Elm və təhsil. p. 395. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 July 2023. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
  9. ↑ Mammadova, A. (2022). Əhməd Cavad – 130 [Ahmad Javad – 130] (PDF) (in Azerbaijani). Baku: Azərbaycan Milli Kitabxanası. p. 9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 July 2023. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  10. ↑ Sharifov, Azad (Spring 1998). "Reviving the Memory of Silenced Voices: Ahmad Javad - Poet". Azerbaijan International. 6 (1): 48–49. Retrieved 13 October 2023 – via azer.com.
  11. ↑ Yagublu, Nasiman (5 May 2020). "Əhməd Cavad haqqında Şükriyyə xanımla söhbətlərim..." [My conversations with Ms. Shukriya about Ahmad Javad...] (in Azerbaijani). aqreqator.az. Archived from the original on 18 July 2023. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  12. ↑ Sarabi, Leyla (24 February 2021). "Əhməd Cavadın nəticəsi sirləri açdı: Bağırov tövsiyə edirmiş ki, Cavad ailəsinin..." [The results of Ahmet Javad REVEALED MYSTERIES: Bagirov recommended that the Javad family...] (in Azerbaijani). publika.az. Archived from the original on 2 March 2021. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  13. ↑ Amrahov, Mais (2022). 1937-1938-ci il Repressiyaları Sovet Dövlətinin Azərbaycan Xalqına Qarşı Soyqırımı Siyasətinin Davamı [Repressions of 1937-1938 Continuation of the Genocide Policy of the Soviet State against the Azerbaijani People]. Akademik Tarih ve Düşünce Dergisi. p. 814. Archived from the original on 19 July 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  14. ↑ Azərbaycan Xalq Cümhuriyyəti Ensiklopediyası [Encyclopedia of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic] (PDF). Vol. I. Baku: Lider nəşriyyat. 2004. p. 356. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 March 2022. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
  15. 1 2 3 "Книга памяти репрессированных бакинцев: А" [Book of memory of repressed Baku residents: A] (in Russian). ourbaku.com. Archived from the original on 25 June 2021. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
  16. ↑ Ahmadova, Ilaha (26 October 2017). "ALJİR- Akmola siyasi repressiya qurbanları düşərgəsində 44 azərbaycanlı qadın sürgün həyatı yaşayıb" [ALGIERS - 44 Azerbaijani women lived in exile in the Akmola camp of victims of political repression] (in Azerbaijani). Azərbaycan Dövlət İnformasiya Agentliyi. Archived from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  17. ↑ Bagirov, Abuzar (2020). Жертва красного террора [A victim of the red terror] (PDF). Baku: IRS Heritage. p. 14. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 July 2023. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
  18. ↑ Tahir, Ulviyya (2021). Shukriyya taleyim (in Azerbaijani). Baku: Parlaq İmzalar Nəşriyyatı. p. 250. ISBN 9789952525922.
  19. ↑ moderator.az. "Əhməd Cavad haqqında Şükriyyə xanımla söhbətlərim... - Nəsiman Yaqublu". moderator.az (in Azerbaijani). Retrieved 23 October 2023.
  20. ↑ "Əhməd Cavad haqqında kitablar təqdim edilib" [Books about Ahmad Javad were presented] (in Azerbaijani). medeniyyet.az. 6 July 2018. Archived from the original on 24 July 2023. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  21. ↑ Mammadli, Tukezban (20 December 2022). ""Şükriyyə taleyim"" ["My Thankful Destiny"] (in Azerbaijani). yeniavaz.com. Archived from the original on 6 February 2023. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
  22. ↑ Mumoglu, Ceylan (4 April 2021). "Ülviyyə Tahirin Şükriyyə Taleyim romanı haqqında müzakirə" [Discussion about Ulviyya Tahir's novel Shukriya Taleyim] (in Azerbaijani). academia.edu. Archived from the original on 21 July 2023. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
  23. ↑ ""Kod adı: V.X.A" tamaşası növbəti dəfə səhnədə" ["Codename: V.X.A" is on stage next time] (in Azerbaijani). Azərbaycan Dövlət İnformasiya Agentliyi. 27 February 2023. Archived from the original on 28 February 2023. Retrieved 6 March 2023.
  24. ↑ "Kod adı – V.X.A – (Xalq düşmənlərinin arvadları...)" [Code name – V.X.A – (Wives of enemies of the people...)] (in Azerbaijani). 525-ci qəzet. 17 June 2022. Archived from the original on 17 June 2022. Retrieved 6 March 2023.
  25. ↑ ""Kod adı "V.X.A" – Gənc Tamaşaçılar Teatrında premyera" ["Code name "V.X.A" – premiere at the Young Audience Theater] (in Azerbaijani). medeniyyet.az. 18 December 2022. Archived from the original on 18 December 2022. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
  26. ↑ Najafkhanli, Ali (5 July 2023). "Repressiya qurbanı – "Şükriyyə" - Yeni tamaşa" [Victim of repression - "Shukriya" - New play] (in Azerbaijani). sia.az. Archived from the original on 18 July 2023. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  27. ↑ "Состоялась премьера спектакля "Шукрия"" [The premiere of the performance "Shukriya" took place] (in Russian). furor.az. 4 July 2023. Archived from the original on 10 July 2023. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  28. ↑ ""Şükriyyə" tamaşasının premyerası olub" [The premiere of the play "Shukriya" was held] (in Azerbaijani). trend.az. 1 July 2023. Archived from the original on 2 July 2023. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  29. ↑ "Ахмед Джавад. Судьба человека" [Ahmed Jawad. Destiny of a person] (in Russian). Nargis jurnalı. 25 July 2022. Archived from the original on 28 March 2023. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  30. ↑ ""Cavad adını mənə Şükriyyə nənəm verib, o dünyasını dəyişəndə 13 yaşım vardı..."" ["My grandmother Shukriya gave me the name Javad, I was 13 years old when she passed away..."] (in Azerbaijani). ednews.net. 27 November 2021. Archived from the original on 25 January 2022. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  31. ↑ Yerevan, Mursal (16 February 2021). "Gəlin Əhməd Cavad Axundzadəni xatırlayaq" [Let's remember Ahmet Javad Akhundzadeh] (PDF). Türküstan qəzeti (in Azerbaijani). Baku. p. 11. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 October 2021. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
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