Shirakawa
白河市 | |
|---|---|
 Shirakawa City Hall | |
 Flag  Seal | |
 Location of Shirakawa in Fukushima Prefecture | |
  Shirakawa | |
| Coordinates: 37°07′34.7″N 140°12′39.3″E / 37.126306°N 140.210917°E | |
| Country | Japan |
| Region | Tōhoku |
| Prefecture | Fukushima |
| First official recorded | 315 AD |
| Town settled | April 1. 1889 |
| City settled | April 1, 1949 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Kazuo Suzuki (from July 2007) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 305.32 km2 (117.88 sq mi) |
| Population (April 2020) | |
| • Total | 59,393 |
| • Density | 190/km2 (500/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+9 (Japan Standard Time) |
| Phone number | 0248-22-1111 |
| Address | 7-1 Hachimankōji, Shirakawa, Fukushima 961-0941 |
| Climate | Cfa |
| Website | Official website |
| Symbols | |
| Bird | Emberiza cioides |
| Flower | Ume |
| Tree | Pinus densiflora |
Shirakawa (白河市, Shirakawa-shi) is a city located in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 April 2020, the city had an estimated population of 59,393 in 23,546 households [1] and a population density of 190 persons per km2. The total area of the city was 305.3 square kilometres (117.9 sq mi).
Geography
Shirakawa is located in south-central Fukushima prefecture facing the Nasu plateau, and extending to the lowland Shirakawa Basin.
- Rivers: Abukuma River
Neighboring municipalities
Climate
Shirakawa has a humid continental climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by mild summers and cold winters. The average annual temperature in Shirakawa is 11.4 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1377 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 25.0 °C, and lowest in January, at around 0.3 °C.[2]
| Climate data for Shirakawa (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1940−present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 17.1 (62.8) |
19.9 (67.8) |
23.5 (74.3) |
28.9 (84.0) |
32.9 (91.2) |
34.1 (93.4) |
36.0 (96.8) |
36.9 (98.4) |
33.5 (92.3) |
28.7 (83.7) |
22.7 (72.9) |
20.7 (69.3) |
36.9 (98.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 5.0 (41.0) |
6.0 (42.8) |
9.8 (49.6) |
15.9 (60.6) |
21.1 (70.0) |
24.0 (75.2) |
27.4 (81.3) |
28.7 (83.7) |
24.5 (76.1) |
18.9 (66.0) |
13.3 (55.9) |
7.8 (46.0) |
16.9 (62.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.6 (33.1) |
1.2 (34.2) |
4.5 (40.1) |
10.2 (50.4) |
15.5 (59.9) |
19.1 (66.4) |
22.8 (73.0) |
23.7 (74.7) |
19.8 (67.6) |
14.0 (57.2) |
8.1 (46.6) |
3.1 (37.6) |
11.9 (53.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −3.3 (26.1) |
−3.0 (26.6) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
4.7 (40.5) |
10.3 (50.5) |
15.0 (59.0) |
19.3 (66.7) |
20.2 (68.4) |
16.2 (61.2) |
9.9 (49.8) |
3.4 (38.1) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
7.6 (45.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −13.4 (7.9) |
−13.6 (7.5) |
−12.3 (9.9) |
−6.0 (21.2) |
−2.3 (27.9) |
5.1 (41.2) |
7.2 (45.0) |
11.1 (52.0) |
3.9 (39.0) |
−2.5 (27.5) |
−6.8 (19.8) |
−12.4 (9.7) |
−13.6 (7.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 44.1 (1.74) |
34.8 (1.37) |
78.9 (3.11) |
101.7 (4.00) |
122.6 (4.83) |
149.8 (5.90) |
233.2 (9.18) |
206.0 (8.11) |
211.4 (8.32) |
166.3 (6.55) |
66.3 (2.61) |
41.7 (1.64) |
1,456.7 (57.35) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 36 (14) |
25 (9.8) |
14 (5.5) |
2 (0.8) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
1 (0.4) |
12 (4.7) |
90 (35) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 5.3 | 4.9 | 8.5 | 8.8 | 10.6 | 13.0 | 15.5 | 12.9 | 12.4 | 9.4 | 6.3 | 5.6 | 113.2 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 1 cm) | 8.2 | 6.0 | 3.6 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 3.2 | 21.7 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 67 | 64 | 63 | 64 | 69 | 78 | 83 | 82 | 82 | 78 | 74 | 70 | 73 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 151.4 | 156.1 | 179.9 | 182.8 | 182.0 | 130.5 | 120.9 | 142.1 | 119.3 | 134.0 | 145.7 | 146.8 | 1,790.7 |
| Source: Japan Meteorological Agency[3][4] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
Per Japanese census data,[5] the population of Shirakawa peaked around the year 2000 and has declined since.
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 65,543 | — |
| 1960 | 62,480 | −4.7% |
| 1970 | 58,896 | −5.7% |
| 1980 | 60,253 | +2.3% |
| 1990 | 63,839 | +6.0% |
| 2000 | 66,048 | +3.5% |
| 2010 | 64,704 | −2.0% |
| 2020 | 59,491 | −8.1% |
 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Comparison of Population Distribution between Shirakawa and Japanese National Average | Population Distribution by Age and Sex in Shirakawa | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
■Shirakawa ■Japan (average) |
■Male ■Female | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2015 Census, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications - Statistics Department | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
History
The area of present-day Shirakawa was part of ancient Mutsu Province and was the location of a barrier gate on the Ōshū Kaidō connecting the capital at Kyoto with the northern provinces. In the Heian period, the Buddhist monk and waka poet Nōin composed the following poem about the region:
都をば霞とともに立ちしかど秋風ぞ吹く白河の関
Miyako wo ba kasumi to tomo ni tachishikado akikaze zo fuku Shirakawa no seki.
(English: I left the capital with the spring haze, but at the barrier of Shirakawa the autumn wind blows.)
In the Edo period the area prospered as a castle town Shirakawa Domain, and was the site of a major battle in the Boshin War during the Meiji restoration. In the Meiji period, it was organized as part of Nakadōri region of Iwaki Province.
The town of Shirakawa was formed on April 1, 1889 with the creation of the modern municipalities system. On April 1, 1949, Shirakawa was elevated to city status after merging with the neighboring village of Ōnuma. Subsequent mergers occurred in 1954 and 1955 with the inclusion of the villages of Shirasaka, Odagawa, Goka and a portion of Omotegō into the territory of Shirakawa. On November 7, 2005, the villages of Taishin, Higashi, and the remainder of Omotegō (all from Nishishirakawa District) were merged into Shirakawa, increasing its population from 48,297 to approximately 66,000 and territory from 117.67 km2 (45.43 sq mi) to 305.30 km2 (117.88 sq mi).
Government
Shirakawa has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city legislature of 26 members. Shirakawa, together with Nishishirakawa District contributes three members to the Fukushima Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of Fukushima 3rd district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.
Economy
Shirakawa has a mixed economy, and is a major commercial center for the surrounding region. Principal industries include electrical appliances, construction materials and clothing.[6] The D+M Group has a plant where Marantz and Denon high fidelity components are produced.
Education
Shirakawa has fifteen public elementary schools and eight junior high schools operated by the city government and four public high schools operated by the Fukushima Prefectural Board of Education.
Post offices
Shirakawa has nineteen post offices within the boundaries of the city.[7]
Transportation
Railway
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Highway
Tōhoku Expressway – Shirakawa-chūō Interchange – Abukuma Parking Area
National Route 4
National Route 289
National Route 294
Local attractions
- Site of Shirakawa Barrier - National Historic Site [8]
- Komine Castle – One of the 100 Castles of Japan[9]
- Nanko Park – National Historic Site and National Scenic Site [10]
- Shirakawa Funada-Motonuma Sites – kofun period burial tumulus, National Historic Site[11]
- Yūki-Shirakawa Castle, National Historic Site [12]
- Festivals held in Shirakawa include "Daruma Ichi", celebrating the traditional Daruma doll, wherein the city streets are packed with stalls selling Daruma, a variety of festival foods and charms, and "Chōchin Matsuri" (Lantern Festival), which is held each summer, with a special three-day celebration held once every three years.
International relations
Compiègne, France, since October 20, 1988
Anoka, Minnesota, USA, since October 13, 2002
Noted people from Shirakawa
- Gishu Nakayama, writer
- Atsushi Fujita, Olympic marathon runner
- Hideo Madarame, Olympic cyclist
- Toshiaki Fushimi, Olympic cyclist
References
- ↑ Shirakawa city official statistics(in Japanese)
- ↑ Shirakawa climate data
- ↑ 観測史上1～10位の値（年間を通じての値）. JMA. Retrieved March 3, 2022.
- ↑ 気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値）. JMA. Retrieved March 3, 2022.
- ↑ Shirakawa population statistics
- ↑ Campbell, Allen; Nobel, David S (1993). Japan: An Illustrated Encyclopedia. Kodansha. p. 1396. ISBN 406205938X.
- ↑ List of Post Offices in Shirakawa Archived 2013-02-05 at archive.today (in Japanese)
- ↑ "白河関跡" [Aizu-Shirakawa no seki ato] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs.
- ↑ "小峰城跡". Cultural Heritage Online (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 25 December 2016.
- ↑ "南湖公園" [Nanko Koen] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs.
- ↑ "白河舟田・本沼遺跡群 ん" [Shirakawa Funada-Motonuma iseki gun] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs.
- ↑ "白川城跡" [Shirakawa-jō ato] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs.
External links
Media related to Shirakawa, Fukushima at Wikimedia Commons- Official website (in Japanese)
