Senjūrō Hayashi
林 銑十郎
General Senjūrō Hayashi (National Diet Library)
Prime Minister of Japan
In office
2 February 1937 – 4 June 1937
MonarchHirohito
Preceded byKōki Hirota
Succeeded byFumimaro Konoe
Personal details
Born(1876-02-23)23 February 1876
Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
Died4 February 1943(1943-02-04) (aged 66)
Tokyo, Japan
Resting placeTama Reien Cemetery, Fuchū, Tokyo
Political partyTaisei Yokusankai (1940–1943)
ProfessionGeneral
Signature

Senjūrō Hayashi (林 銑十郎, Hayashi Senjūrō, 23 February 1876 – 4 February 1943) was a Japanese politician and general. He served as Imperial Japanese Army Commander of the Japanese Korean Army during the Mukden Incident and the invasion of Manchuria. He briefly served as prime minister of Japan in 1937.

Early life

Hayashi was born on 23 February 1876, in Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa Prefecture, the first son of secretary of Tonami District Office Hayashi Shishirō and his wife Bessho Saha.[1] The family was a samurai-class family formerly in service to Kaga Domain.[1][2] The second oldest of his brothers Hayashi Ryōzō became an Imperial Army Colonel, and the youngest brother Shirakawa Yūkichi became Vice Mayor of Tokyo.[1]

Hayashi dropped out of school in July 1894 to enlist in the Imperial Japanese Army at the start of the First Sino-Japanese War. After the end of the war, he attended the Imperial Japanese Army Academy, and on graduation in June 1897 was assigned to the IJA 7th Infantry Regiment. in 1903, he graduated from the Army Staff College. With the start of the Russo-Japanese War, Hayashi participated in the Siege of Port Arthur.

Military career

List of Ideological Criminal Probation Offices installed for censorship by Ideological Criminal Probation Act established under Kōki Hirota regime of Imperial Japan in 1936.

Hayashi's first major command from 1918 to 1920 was as commanding officer of the IJA 57th Infantry Regiment, followed by a time in 1921 attached to the Technical Research Headquarters and as an acting Military Investigator. From 1921 to 1923 he was the head of the Preparatory Course at the Imperial Japanese Army Academy, followed by a time attached to the Inspectorate General of Military Training. From 1923 to 1924 he was the Japanese Army Representative to the League of Nations, followed by another stint attached to the Inspectorate General of Military Training from 1924 to 1925.

In 1925, Hayashi became the commanding Officer of the IJA 2nd Infantry Brigade. In 1926 he was made Commandant of the Tokyo Bay Fortress. In 1927, he became the Commandant of the Army War College, followed in 1928 as Deputy Inspector-General of Military Training. Finally in 1929 he became the General Officer Commanding the Imperial Guards Division.

In 1930, Lieutenant-General Senjūrō Hayashi, was made Commander in Chief of the Japanese Korean Army. On the day after the Mukden Incident on 19 September, he ordered the IJA 20th Division to split its force, forming the 39th Mixed Brigade. Acting without authorization by the Emperor or central government in Tokyo, Hayashi ordered the 39th Mixed Brigade to cross the Yalu River that same day into Manchuria. The Cabinet was forced to concede the point to the military afterwards and the movement of the 39th Mixed Brigade from Korea was authorized on 22 September.

Following his command in Korea, Hayashi was made Inspector General of Military Training and a member of the Supreme War Council from 1932 to 1934. In 1932, he was awarded with the Order of the Sacred Treasure (1st class) and in 1934, he was awarded the Order of the Rising Sun (1st class).

Political career

Senjūrō Hayashi as Prime Minister in 1937

From 1934 to 1935 Hayashi was Army Minister, and again member of the Supreme War Council from 1935 until his retirement the next year.

As Army Minister, Hayashi was a supporter of Major General Tetsuzan Nagata, who was Chief of Military Bureau and the leader of the Tōseiha faction within the Imperial Japanese Army. The Tōseiha scored a victory in July 1935 when General Jinzaburō Masaki, one of the leaders of the Kōdōha faction was removed as Inspector General of Military Training. But Nagata was assassinated the next month (the Aizawa Incident). The struggle between the Tōseiha and Kōdōha factions continued below the surface of the government; and the war in North China carried on apace until February 1936.

Hayashi also promoted Fumimaro Konoe's doctrines, as a "right-winger" amongst the militarists, against "left-winger" radical militarists, led by Kingoro Hashimoto, wanted to establish a Military Shogunate through revolutionary means.

Hayashi also happen to the president of Greater Japan Muslim League (大日本回教協会, Dai Nihon Kaikyō Kyōkai).[3]

Hayashi served as Prime Minister of Japan for a brief four-month period in 1937, where he tried to establish a cabinet that rose above the factional strife of the political parties. He later demanded that members of his cabinet renounce their party ties.[4] Later from 1940 to 1941, he was a Privy Councillor.[5] Hayashi suffered from an intracranial hemorrhage in January 1943 and died at his home of 4 February without regaining consciousness. He was posthumously awarded the Order of the Golden Kite (4th class) and the Order of the Paulownia Flowers.

Honours

From the corresponding article in the Japanese Wikipedia

  • Grand Cordon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure (1932)
  • Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun (1934)
  • Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun with Paulownia Flowers (1943; posthumous)

References

  1. 1 2 3 Kawamura, Kazuhiko. 歴史の回想・柳条湖事件. Rekishi kenkyukai. p. 69.
  2. ↑ "林銑十郎｜近代日本人の肖像". 近代日本人の肖像 National Diet Library (in Japanese). Retrieved 2022-03-03.
  3. ↑ "Islamic Research Institutes in Wartime Japan" (pdf). Retrieved 2023-08-09.
  4. ↑ "Hayashi Senjūrō | Meiji Restoration, Imperialism & Diplomacy | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-07-15.
  5. ↑ "Hayashi, Senjuro | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2023-07-18.
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