SUMO2
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesSUMO2, HSMT3, SMT3B, SMT3H2, SUMO3, Smt3A, small ubiquitin-like modifier 2, small ubiquitin like modifier 2
External IDsOMIM: 603042 MGI: 2158813 HomoloGene: 87858 GeneCards: SUMO2
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

6613

170930

Ensembl

ENSG00000188612

ENSMUSG00000020738

UniProt

P61956

P61957

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001005849
NM_006937

NM_133354

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001005849
NP_008868

NP_579932

Location (UCSC)Chr 17: 75.17 – 75.18 MbChr 11: 115.41 – 115.43 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Small ubiquitin-related modifier 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SUMO2 gene.[5]

Function

This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) protein family. It is a ubiquitin-like protein and functions in a manner similar to ubiquitin in that it is bound to target proteins as part of a post-translational modification system. However, unlike ubiquitin, which is primarily associated with targeting proteins for proteasomal degradation, SUMO2 is involved in a variety of cellular processes, such as nuclear transport, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, and protein stability. It is not active until the last two amino acids of the carboxy-terminus have been cleaved off. Numerous pseudogenes have been reported for this gene. Alternate transcriptional splice variants encoding different isoforms have been characterized.[6]

Interactions

SUMO2 has been shown to interact with TRIM63[7] and CFAP298.[8]

Clinical significance

Deep hypothermia protects the brain from ischemic injury, which is why it's employed for major cardiovascular procedures that necessitate cardiopulmonary bypass and a period of circulatory arrest. With an experiment [9] conducted to moderate hypothermia, small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO1-3) conjugation was significantly activated in the brain. The effects of hypothermia on SUMO conjugation were evaluated in this experiment[9] using Western blot and immunohistochemistry in animals that were either normothermic (37 °C) or deep to moderate (18 °C, 24 °C, 30 °C) hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. In these cells, even 30 °C hypothermia was enough to significantly boost SUMO2/3-conjugated protein levels and nucleus accumulation. Deep hypothermia caused the SUMO-conjugating enzyme Ubc9 to translocate to the nucleus, implying that the increase in nuclear levels of SUMO2/3-conjugated proteins seen in hypothermic animals' brains is an active process. Deep hypothermia caused only a small increase in the amounts of SUMO2/3-conjugated proteins in primary neuronal cells. This shows that neurons in vivo have a greater capacity to activate this endogenous possibly neuroprotective mechanism when exposed to hypothermia than neurons in vitro. Identifying proteins that are SUMO2/3 conjugated during hypothermia could aid in the development of new preventive and therapeutic therapies to make neurons more resistant to a transient blood supply interruption.

References

  1. 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000188612 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000020738 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ↑ Mannen H, Tseng HM, Cho CL, Li SS (May 1996). "Cloning and expression of human homolog HSMT3 to yeast SMT3 suppressor of MIF2 mutations in a centromere protein gene". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 222 (1): 178–80. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1996.0717. PMID 8630065.
  6. ↑ "Entrez Gene: SUMO2 SMT3 suppressor of mif two 3 homolog 2 (S. cerevisiae)".
  7. ↑ Dai KS, Liew CC (Jun 2001). "A novel human striated muscle RING zinc finger protein, SMRZ, interacts with SMT3b via its RING domain". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (26): 23992–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M011208200. PMID 11283016.
  8. ↑ Golebiowski F, Matic I, Tatham MH, Cole C, Yin Y, Nakamura A, Cox J, Barton GJ, Mann M, Hay RT (2009). "System-wide changes to SUMO modifications in response to heat shock". Science Signaling. 2 (72): ra24. doi:10.1126/scisignal.2000282. PMID 19471022. S2CID 33450256.
  9. 1 2 Wang, Liangli; Ma, Qing; Yang, Wei; Mackensen, G. Burkhard; Paschen, Wulf (November 2012). "Moderate hypothermia induces marked increase in levels and nuclear accumulation of SUMO2/3-conjugated proteins in neurons". Journal of Neurochemistry. 123 (3): 349–359. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07916.x. PMC 3466336. PMID 22891650.

Further reading


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