Oscar II-class submarine
History
Russia
Name	K-132
Builder	Sevmash, Severodvinsk
Laid down	8 May 1985
Launched	27 December 1987
Commissioned	30 December 1988
Renamed	Irkutsk (Иркутск)
Namesake	Irkutsk
Identification	See Pennant numbers
Status	Sea trials
General characteristics
Class and type	Oscar II-class submarine
Displacement	12,300–14,500 long tons (12,500–14,700 t) surfaced 16,200–19,100 long tons (16,500–19,400 t) submerged
Length	155 m (508 ft 6 in)[1] maximum
Beam	18.2 m (59 ft 9 in)
Draught	9 m (29 ft 6 in)
Installed power	2 × pressurized water cooled reactors (HEU <= 45%[2])
Propulsion	2 × steam turbines delivering 73,070 kW (97,990 shp) to two shafts
Speed	15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph) surfaced 32 knots (59 km/h; 37 mph) submerged[1]
Endurance	120 days[1]
Test depth	600 m
Complement	94/107[1]
Armament	4 × 533 mm (21.0 in) and 2 × 650 mm (26 in) torpedo tubes in bow 28 × 533 mm and 650 mm weapons, including RPK-2 Vyuga (SS-N-15 Starfish) anti-submarine missiles with 15 kt nuclear warheads and RPK-6 Vodopad/RPK-7 Veter (SS-N-16) anti-submarine missiles with 200 kt nuclear warhead or Type 40 anti-submarine torpedo or 32 ground mines 24 × P-700 Granit (SS-N-19 Shipwreck) cruise missiles with 750 kilograms (1,650 lb) HE or 4 × 100 Mt Poseidon drones

The K-132 Irkutsk is an Oscar-class submarine in the Russian Navy.

Development and design

The design assignment was issued in 1969. The development of Project 949 was a new stage in the development of APRC-class submarines, which, in accordance with the concept of asymmetric response, were tasked with countering aircraft carrier strike formations. The new missile submarines were to replace the submarines of Projects 659 and 675 and in accordance with the terms of reference surpassed them in all basic parameters - could launch missiles from both surface and underwater position, had less noise, higher underwater speed, three times higher ammunition, missiles with radically improved combat capabilities. Project 949 became the pinnacle and the end of the development of highly specialized submarines (aircraft carrier killers). In December 2011, they became known that the Rubin Central Design Bureau had developed a modernization project. It is planned to replace the P-700 missiles with the more modern P-800 Oniks missiles from the Caliber family. Modification of launch containers is planned, without alteration of the hull. The modernization of the nuclear submarine of the Northern Fleet will be carried out at the Zvezdochka CS, and the Zvezda shipyard.^[3]

The design is double-hulled, with a distance between a light and durable body of 3.5 meters, which provides a significant buoyancy margin, up to 30%, and provides additional protection against underwater explosions. For their characteristic appearance, they received the nickname baton,^[4] and for their powerful strike weapons they were nicknamed aircraft carrier killers. The robust housing is divided into ten internal compartments.^[5]

Construction and career

The submarine was laid down on 8 May 1985 at Sevmash, Severodvinsk. Launched on 27 December 1987 and commissioned on 30 December 1988.^[6] On 13 April 1993, she was renamed Irkutsk.

On 21 July 1990, K-132 near Bear Island dived to a depth of 460 metres (1,510 ft) meters. From 30 August to 27 September of the same year, she made an ice crossing through the Arctic from Zaozersk to Vilyuchinsk. On 29 October she entered the Pacific Fleet.

In 1992, for the first time in the Pacific Fleet, she fired two P-700 Granit missiles.

On 23 May 1996, Irkutsk and K-456 fired group cruise missiles at one target. In 1997, Irkutsk was put on stand-by, awaiting mid-life repairs.

In November 2001, Irkutsk was brought to Bolshoi Kamen at the Zvezda shipyard.^[7]

In 2008, repairs began, and at first it was planned to carry out medium repairs, then the customer corrected the terms of reference for the restoration of technical readiness with a corresponding decrease in funding. According to the director of the Zvezda shipyard, Andrei Rassomakhin, in an interview dated 29 August 2008: about 6 billion rubles are required for repairs, while the cost of a new ship is 40-50 billion, and the funding provided for in the state contract should be considered insufficient.^[8]

On 7 December 2013, the Zvezda Far East Plant announced the start of modernization of K-132 Irkutsk. The modernization project was prepared by the Rubin St. Petersburg Marine Engineering Design Bureau. In November 2013, the Zvezda plant commission approved the project by signing an agreement with Rubin. According to the documentation, 12 billion rubles were expected to be spent on all work. A total of 27 Rubin's contractors took part in the project. Among them: JSC Concern Morinformsistema-Agat, JSC Concern NPO Avrora, FSUE Central Research Institute of Structural Materials Prometey and JSC Central Design Bureau Lazurit. Under the modernization program, strike weapons, navigation equipment and other systems will be updated, as well as the hull of the boat will be strengthened.^[9]

K-132 Irkutsk, which was being modernized at the Far Eastern Zvezda plant, returned to the Pacific Fleet in 2019, Interfax-AVN reported, citing a source in the shipbuilding industry. Irkutsk was being modernized at the Zvezda shipyard according to the Project 949AM. The ship was able to return to service two years later than planned.^[9] In reality, the start of the repair of Irkutsk was announced in the press service of the enterprise only on 30 July 2019. In a planned manner, work was underway to troubleshoot and repair ship fittings, general ship devices, steering drives. The deadline for the delivery of the nuclear submarine is set for 2022.^[10]

During his working trip, Deputy Defense Minister Alexei Krivoruchko visited the enterprises of the military–industrial complex of the Far East. The main goal is to verify the fulfillment by enterprises of the state defense order of 2019. Summing up the visit to the Far Eastern shipbuilding cluster, Krivoruchko told reporters that Irkutsk, which was being upgraded at the Zvezda shipyard to the Project 949AM level, would be equipped with a universal launch complex that will allow the use of Zircon hypersonic missiles. The service life of the vessel will, reportedly, be extended by ten years.^[11] The submarine is scheduled to be handed over to the Pacific Fleet in 2023.^[12][13][14]

On 23 June 2022, it was reported the submarine started post-refit sea trials. Modernised Irkutsk will carry 48 missiles.^[15]

Citations