Example of an exaggerated Rosetta orbit

A Rosetta orbit is a complex type of orbit.

In astronomy, a Rosetta orbit occurs when there is a periastron shift during each orbital cycle. A retrograde Newtonian shift can occur when the central mass is extended rather than a point gravitational source, resulting in a non-closed orbit. A prograde relativistic shift happens because of relativistic effects from a massive gravitational source.[1] In barred spiral galaxies with a compact, lens-shaped bar (in contrast with a box-shaped bar), the morphology of the bar is supported by stars following rosette-shaped orbits that rotate with the bar.[2]

An object approaching a black hole with an intermediate velocity (not slow enough to spiral into the hole and not fast enough to escape) enters a complex orbit pattern, bounded by a near and far distance to the hole and tracing an oscillating pattern known as a hypotrochoid. In 2020, scientists using observations made by the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope revealed for the first time that star S2 orbits in this pattern around Sagittarius A*.[3][4]

In quantum mechanics, the Rosetta orbit is a solution for spherically symmetric (except 1/r) potentials.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Rubilar, G. F.; Eckart, A. (July 2001). "Periastron shifts of stellar orbits near the Galactic Center". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 374: 95–104. Bibcode:2001A&A...374...95R. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20010640.
  2. ↑ Smirnov, Anton A.; et al. (April 2021). "Face-on structure of barlenses and boxy bars: an insight from spectral dynamics". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 502 (4): 4689–4707. arXiv:2007.09090. Bibcode:2021MNRAS.502.4689S. doi:10.1093/mnras/stab327.
  3. ↑ "ESO telescope sees star dance around supermassive black hole, proves Einstein right". ScienceDaily. 2020-04-16. Retrieved 2020-05-03.
  4. ↑ Jennifer Leman (2020-04-16). "Weird Black Hole-Orbiting Star Proves Einstein Right (Again)". Popular Mechanics. Retrieved 2020-05-03.
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