Rockwell King DuMoulin
Born(1906-01-31)January 31, 1906
Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
DiedFebruary 11, 1983(1983-02-11) (aged 77)
South Kingstown, Rhode Island, U.S.
Alma materColumbia University
American Academy in Rome
École des Beaux-Arts at Fontainebleau
OccupationArchitect
PracticeRockwell K. DuMoulin
BuildingsArthur Little House
Winslow Ames House
The Watch Hill Beach Club

Rockwell King DuMoulin (January 31, 1906 – February 11, 1983) was an American architect and professor and department chair at the Rhode Island School of Design.[1][2][3] He was keenly interested in Modern style and developed a coastal vernacular architecture.[2]

Early life

DuMoulin was born in Chicago, Illinois. His parents were Ethel Rockwell King and Frank DuMoulin, an Episcopal minister.[4][5] His paternal grandfather, John Phillip DuMoulin, was the Church of England's Bishop of Nicaragua.[6][7] A resident of Toronto, Rev. DuMoulin accepted various position in Chicago and Cleveland between 1885 and 1899, eventually becoming Dean of the Diocese of Ohio and ex-officio rector of Trinity Cathedral in Cleveland in 1906.[4][8][6] Thus, DuMoulin spent his childhood in Cleveland and Gambier, Ohio with a Chicagoan mother and a Canadian father.[9][5][10][11]

He attended Columbia University, receiving his A.B. in 1928.[12] While at Columbia, he was a member of the fraternity St. Anthony Hall and was managing editor of Jester, the campus newspaper.[13][14] Next, he studied architecture at École des Beaux-Arts at Fontainebleau, graduating in 1931.[12] Returning to Columbia, he received a graduate degree in architecture in 1932.[1][12] He also attended the American Academy in Rome.[2]

In 1939, he received a Charles Follen McKim Fellowship in Architecture from Columbia University.[12][15] This fellowship is for study and travel after graduation.[16]

Career

In 1932, The New York Times stated that DuMoulin was an architect in New York City.[17] In 1936, he visited Sibley Smith Jr., an artist friend, at in Matunuck, Rhode Island where Smith's father was a successful landscape architect.[2] This visit was pivotal for DuMoulin as he started his architectural practice in Matunuck that same year.[3] He was registered to practice in Rhode Island, New York, and Washington, D.C.[3]

During and after World War II, he was active in relief efforts in Europe, working as an architect and consultant in rehabilitation and redevelopment.[2][3] He was a housing expert and city planner with the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration from 1944 to 1947.[3] In 1947, he worked with the Institute of Inter-American Affairs in Costa Rica and Chile].[2] He continued to work for the Institute of Inter-American Affairs from 1949 through 1954, traveling to Bolivia, Columbia], Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, and Peru.[12] He eventually visited or worked in more than fifty countries.[2]

Because of his work abroad, DuMoulin became a student and architect of rammed-earth construction, writing an article advocating its benefits in 1938.[18] As a later writer noted, "DuMoulin, writing in a consumer magazine, summarized the opposition’s reasoning very shrewdly. He pointed out that there is no profit to anyone in rammed-earth except the man who is going to live in the house and for that reason, no industry has seen fit to publicize the method."[19]

In the 1950s, DuMoulin returned to his architectural practice in Wakefield, Rhode Island, becoming "locally prominent."[2] He was most interested in Modern architectural style.[2] He said, "We are no longer confined to a rigidly circumscribed volume, or series of volumes, defined by solid masses. We are free to seek an architectural expression of our scientific and industrial civilization, and the new relationship with time and space that it has brought to us, in a pattern of interrelated planes and surfaces which vary in structure, texture, form, extent and arrangement to suit their functional or artistic purpose."[20]

Many of his commissions were for houses in Rhode Island's resort communities.[2] There, he created a coastal vernacular that was a "mix of Modern design, traditional materials, and sensitive siting."[2] His houses featured low rooflines, weathered shingles, and wide expanses of glass.[2]

Some of his early jobs were for family and friends which allowed him to experiment with the new Modernist style.[2] In South Kingston, Rhode Island, he designed the Modernist style clubhouse for the Willow Dell Beach Club in 1938—a commission secured through his father-in-law Nathaniel Waite Smith.[2][21] This clubhouse has since been replaced, but the new building resembles the 1938 plan and was designed by Sandy Taylor, a former student and design associate of DuMoulin.[2]

In 1942, his friend Sibley Smith Jr. commissioned a house in Perryville, Rhode Island.[2] DuMoulin's design for Smith was featured in Pencil Points: The Magazine of Progressive Architecture which noted, "The owners wanted a good house designed for their particular needs rather than one that would impress the neighbors or echo an old tradition, and the architect was both sympathetic to this sensible approach and competent to carry through a fresh, creative design without apology or qualification."[22] The Sibley Smith Jr. house has been called “a handsomely modest example of its type—a hopeful image for a time which strove to incorporate the best of what was modern with the best of a regional vernacular.[23]

He also designed a house for a fraternity brother and art historian Winslow Ames in Saunderstown, Rhode Island.[13] Ames's instructions to DuMoulin indicate the trust and freedom his friends gave the architect.[13] Ames recalled, "We told him that what we wanted was a reasonably flexible house. We had not yet come to the point of solar heating, or it would not have been oriented the way it is. It's exactly diagonal to the compass points. So west is there, and north is there. And he did a beautiful job for us, and I think the house is extraordinarily flexible."[13]

In 1955 and 1956, DuMoulin designed a bathing pavilion and clubhouse for the Watch Hill Beach Club.[18][3] Watch Hill Beach Club had lost three clubhouses to hurricanes and was no longer able to secure traditional or federal insurance.[18] Yet, its members still wanted comfortable access to their beach.[18] DuMoulin came up with solutions that so cleverly engineered against storms that Lloyd's of London insured the new building at half the prior rate.[18] He combined deep-driven piles with designing and orienting the building to provide minimum surface resistance to the waves and wind.[18] The Watch Hill Beach Club was featured in Architectural Record magazine in September 1956.[18]

Also in 1955, DuMoulin designed a new beach pavilion for the Misquamicut Club which similarly lost its building with Hurricane Carol.[24][2] The new beach pavilion was built high on the dune so that storm waters could pass under it, and windows and walls could be opened to allow strong winds to pass through.[24] In a guidebook to New England architecture, the Museum of Modern Art recognized the Misquamicut Club "as a fine example of design respecting environmental conditions."[24] The building was never tested by a hurricane, but was replaced in 2005 due to its deterioration.[24]

DuMoulin also designed the Arthur Little House, a contributing building to The Dunes Club National Register of Historic Places listing.[2] Built in 1968, "the one-story, wood-shingled, heavily-glazed residence is a fine example of mid-20th-century Modern residential architecture in Rhode Island."[2] The Little House was built into a dune; its design fits the setting, has storm-resistant features, and is architecturally compatible with The Dunes Club.[2]

In 1959, DuMoulin, along with architects Marie and James Howell of Providence, Rhode Island, won an Education Citation Award from the Annual Design Awards Program sponsored by Progressive Architecture magazine.[25] The award was given for the proposed design for Haystack Mountain School of Crafts at Deer Island, Maine.[25] The project included studios and workshops, housing, and a common use building with dining and kitchen facilities, exhibition space, offices, and lounge.[25] However, their design was not selected for implementation.[26]

DuMoulin was also a professor and chair of the architecture department at the Rhode Island School of Design from 1972 to 1978.[1][2] He retired in 1978.[1]

Projects

Following is a selective list of DuMoulin's projects:

Project Name Client Location Date Reference
Willow Dell Beach Club House Willow Dell Beach Club South Kingstown, Rhode Island 1938 [2]
Club House Watch Hill Yacht Club Watch Hill, Rhode Island 1938 [27]
Firewater Farm South Kingstown, Rhode Island 1940 [28]
Residence Watson family South Kingstown, Rhode Island circa 1940 [28]
Sibley Smith Jr. House Sibley Smith Jr. Perryville, Rhode Island 1941 [3][23]
Commodore House South Kingstown, Rhode Island 1942 [29]
Frederick Lippitt Camp House Frederick Lippitt Camp South Kingstown, Rhode Island circa 1950s [28]
Elizabeth Perkins House Elizabeth Perkins South Kingstown, Rhode Island 1954 [2]
Beach Pavilion Misquamicut Club Watch Hill, Rhode Island 1954-55 [2][24]
Beach Cabanas Watch Hill Yacht Club Watch Hill, Rhode Island 1955 [2][24]
Club House and Bathing Pavilion Watch Hill Beach Club Watch Hill, Rhode Island 1955-56 [18][3]
Winslow Ames House Winslow Ames Saunderstown, Rhode Island 1959 [3][13]
Davide S. Baker House David S. Baker Narragansett, Rhode Island 1967 [3]
Arthur Little House Royal Little Narragansett, Rhode Island 1968 [2][30]
Pond House Margaret Lee Howe South Kingstown, Rhode Island 1973 [28][2]

Publications

  • "Rammed Earth Construction." Consumer's Digest, vol. 6, no. 3, September, 1939, pp. 41–45.[31][32]
  • "Modern Architecture." Community Art Project Calendar of Art Events, vol. 7, no. 3 January 1940, p. 2.

Professional affiliations

DuMoulin was a member of the Rhode Island Chapter of the American Institute of Architects (AIA), serving as its secretary from 1941 to 1942, its vice president from 1956 to 1958, and its president from 1958 to 1960.[3] He was also his chapter's representative to the AIA New England Regional Council from 1958 to 1968.[3] He was elected as an AIA Fellow in 1974.[33]

In 1950, he was one of sixteen architects named by the U.S. Department of State to the sixth Pan–American Congress on Architects which was held in Havana, Cuba.[34] DuMoulin would attend the Pan–American Congress of Architects again for the eighth Congress in Mexico City in 1952 and the tenth Congress in Buenos Aires in 1960.[3][12][35][36] He was also program director for the 11th Congress which was held in Washington, D.C.[37][3][38]

In 1950, he was one of sixteen architects named by the U.S. Department of State to the 6th Pan–American Congress on Architects which was held in Havana, Cuba.[39] DuMoulin would attend the Pan–American Congress of Architects again for the 8th Congress in Mexico City in 1952 and the 10th Congress in Buenos Aires in 1960.[3][12][40][41] He was also program director for the 11th Congress which was held in Washington, D.C.[42][3][43]

Personal

DuMoulin met his future wife at the wedding of fraternity brother Winslow Ames.[13] He married Mary Weeden Smith Burke who was from a prominent family from both Providence, Rhode Island and Matunuck, Rhode Island on May 20, 1932.[1][17] The marriage ceremony was performed by DuMoulin's father.[17] It was the bride's second marriage—her father was Nathaniel Waites Smith.[17] They had two sons, John DuMoulin and Philip DuMoulin.[1] The family lived in Matunuck.[1]

DuMoulin died in South Kingstown, Rhode Island in 1983 at the age of 77.[1]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Rockwell K. DuMoulin". The New York Times. February 18, 1983. pp. D18. Retrieved October 14, 2023.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Youngken, Richard C. (September 2018). "The Dunes Club (additional documentation) National Register of Historic Places Registration Form" (PDF). Preservation Rhode Island. Retrieved March 25, 2022.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Gane, John F., ed. (1970). American Architects Directory 1970. Third edition. New York, New York: R.R. Bowker Company. p. 43. ISBN 0-8352-0281-X. Retrieved March 26, 2022.
  4. 1 2 "Frank Dumoulin". Encyclopedia of Cleveland History | Case Western Reserve University. 2018-05-11. Retrieved 2022-03-26.
  5. 1 2 "Engagements Announced". The Kingston Whig (Kingston, Ontario, Canada). January 8, 1902. p. 2. Retrieved March 26, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  6. 1 2 "Received a Call". The Wichita Beacon (Wichita, Kansas). December 26, 1898. p. 1. Retrieved March 26, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  7. ↑ "The Right Rev. John Phillip DuMoulin, Who Declined Bishopric in 1872, Became Bishop of Nicaragua in 1896: Call of Death Early the Morning". Buffalo Evening News (Buffalo, New York). March 29, 1911. p. 9. Retrieved March 26, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  8. ↑ "Bishop Du Moulin Dies at Age of 72" (PDF). The New York Times. July 11, 1947. p. 15. Retrieved March 26, 2022.
  9. ↑ "Rev. Dr. Frank DuMoulin". St Catharines Standard (St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada). November 19, 1906. p. 4. Retrieved March 26, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  10. ↑ "Two New Clergymen for Chicago". Chicago Tribune. November 14, 1895. p. 8. Retrieved March 26, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  11. ↑ "Bishop DuMoulin Resigns on Account of Ill Health". The News Messenger (Freemont, Ohio). October 1, 1924. p. 1. Retrieved March 26, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Koyl, George S., ed. (1955). 1 956 American Architects Directory. New York, New York: R.R. Bowker. p. 146. Retrieved March 26, 2022.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Oral history Interview with Winslow Ames,". Smithsonian Archives of American Art. April 29, 1987. Retrieved March 11, 2022.
  14. ↑ "New Yorker to Edit Columbia Jester". The Yonkers Herald (Yonkers, New York). March 18, 1926. p. 9. Retrieved March 26, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  15. ↑ "School of Architecture". Columbia University Annual Report: 1–. 1941.
  16. ↑ "Student Awards". Columbia GSAPP. Retrieved 2022-03-27.
  17. 1 2 3 4 "Rockwell Du Moulin Marries Mrs. Mary Burke at Providence". The Brooklyn Daily Eagle (Brooklyn, New York). May 21, 1932. p. 7. Retrieved March 26, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  18. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 DuMoulin, Rockwell K. (September 1956). "Beach Club Designed to Resist Hurricanes" (PDF). Architectural Record. 120 (3): 196–201. Retrieved March 26, 2022 – via U.S. Modernist.
  19. ↑ Merrill, Anthony F. The Rammed-Earth House. New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1947. p. 19.
  20. ↑ DuMoulin, Rockwell King (January 1940). "Modern Architecture". Community Art Project Calendar of Art Events. 7 (3): 2 – via Digital Commons of Rhode Island School of Design.
  21. ↑ "Mrs. Nicholas Burke Wed" (PDF). The New York Times. May 22, 1932. p. 29. Retrieved March 26, 2022.
  22. ↑ "Country House, Perryville, R.I." (PDF). Pencil Points: The Magazine of Progressive Architecture: 90–94. October 1944 – via U.S. Modernist.
  23. 1 2 Jordy, William H. (2018-07-17). "Sibley Smith House". Society of Architectural Historians Archipedia. Retrieved 2022-03-27.
  24. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Barnes, Chaplin Bradford (2005). Watch Hill Through Time: The Evolution of a New England Shore Community (PDF). East Greenwich, Rhode Island: Watch Hill Conservancy. pp. 167–168. ISBN 0-977058-60-3. Retrieved March 26, 2022.
  25. 1 2 3 "Design for Proposed Craft School Wins Architecture Award". The Bangor Daily News (Bangor, Maine). January 16, 1959. p. 14. Retrieved March 26, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  26. ↑ "Architecture". Haystack Mountain School of Crafts. Retrieved 2022-03-26.
  27. ↑ Barnes, Chaplin B. (2005). Watch Hill through time : the evolution of a New England shore community. [Watch Hill, Rhode Island]: Watch Hill Conservancy. p. 193. ISBN 0-9770586-0-3. OCLC 68800469.
  28. 1 2 3 4 Historic and Architectural Resources of South Kingston, Rhode Island: A Preliminary Report (PDF). Providence, Rhode Island: Rhode Island Historical Preservation Commission. 1984. Retrieved March 26, 2022.
  29. ↑ "The Commodore House". Air BnB. Retrieved 2022-03-26.
  30. ↑ Yougken, Richard C (March 17, 2015). "Dunes Club - National Register of Historic Places Registration Form". Rhode Island Preservation. Retrieved March 26, 2022.
  31. ↑ Agricultural Engineering, Current Literature, 1939. p. 5
  32. ↑ HHFA Technical Bulletin. p. 32. United States: Housing and Home Finance Agency, 1947.
  33. ↑ "College of Fellows". American Institute of Architects Rhode Island Inc. Retrieved 2022-03-26.
  34. ↑ "16 Architects on Delegation". Daily Press (Newport, Virginia). April 9, 1950. p. 21. Retrieved March 26, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  35. ↑ Levi, Julian. "Pan American Congress" (PDF). Oculas. New York Chapter of American Institute of Architects. 15 (2): 2 – via U.S. Modernist.
  36. ↑ World List of Future International Meetings January 1960 to December 1962. Part II: Social, Cultural, Commercial, Humanistic. International Organizational Section. 1960. p. 37. hdl:2027/uc1.b3238979. Retrieved March 26, 2022 – via Hathi Trust.
  37. ↑ "XI Pan American Congress of Architects" (PDF). Empire State Architect. 24 (6): 32. November–December 1964 – via U. S. Modernish.
  38. ↑ "Organizations" (PDF). Newsletter of the Society of Architectural Historians. 7 (2): 2. May 1963 – via Society of Architectural Historians.
  39. ↑ "16 Architects on Delegation". Daily Press (Newport, Virginia). April 9, 1950. p. 21. Retrieved March 26, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  40. ↑ Levi, Julian. "Pan American Congress" (PDF). Oculas. New York Chapter of American Institute of Architects. 15 (2): 2 – via U.S. Modernist.
  41. ↑ World List of Future International Meetings January 1960 to December 1962. Part II: Social, Cultural, Commercial, Humanistic. International Organizational Section. 1960. p. 37. hdl:2027/uc1.b3238979. Retrieved March 26, 2022 – via Hathi Trust.
  42. ↑ "XI Pan American Congress of Architects" (PDF). Empire State Architect. 24 (6): 32. November–December 1964 – via U. S. Modernish.
  43. ↑ "Organizations" (PDF). Newsletter of the Society of Architectural Historians. 7 (2): 2. May 1963 – via Society of Architectural Historians.
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