Robert Andrews
Member of the Virginia House of Delegates from Williamsburg
In office
October 18, 1790 – December 2, 1799
Preceded byEdmund Randolph
Succeeded byBurr Harrison
Personal details
Born1748
Elkton, Maryland Colony
DiedFebruary 4, 1804
Williamsburg, Virginia
Spouse(s)Elizabeth Ballard; Mary Blair
Parent(s)Moses Andrews and Letitia Cooke
Occupationprofessor, politician, author

Robert Andrews (1748–February 4, 1804) was a Colonial/American clergyman who became a military chaplain during the American Revolutionary War, then professor at the College of William and Mary as well as author and politician who represented James City County in the Virginia Ratification Convention, then represented Williamsburg in the Virginia House of Delegates (1790-1799).[1]

Early and family life

Born in the near Elkton, Maryland and that colony's border with Pennsylvania, to the former Letitia Cooke and her husband Moses Andrews. His great-grandfather John Andrews emigrated to Province of Maryland from the County of Rutland, England in 1654. The family included four brothers, Moses Andrews, Rev. John Andrews, James Andrews and Polydore Andrews.[2]

Education and ordination

Andrews studied at the College of Philadelphia beginning in 1766, under provost William Smith and professor Francis Allison. He graduated with an A.B. degree in 1768, then studied theology like his older brother John. In 1769 he traveled to Gloucester County, Virginia to tutor the children of planter and future Virginia governor John Page. In 1772 Andrews sailed to London, where he was ordained a priest.[3][4]

Career

Coat of Arms of Robert Andrews

Professor and revolutionary patriot

In late 1774, Andrews became one of the thirteen men (only a few clergymen), to sign a document drafted by eighty-nine former members of the House of Burgesses, which recommended a general congress as well as a non-importation association. The following year he joined the York County Committee of Safety.

As conflict with England worsened, the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg was thrown into turmoil. Professor of Moral Philosophy Samuel Henley fled to England. College President John Camm and two other professors were forced to resign. Only Rev. James Madison, who taught Natural Philosophy and mathematics (and was cousin of the future U.S. President of the same name) and James Bracken (master of the grammar school) remained by 1777.[5]

In 1777, Rev. Andrews enlisted as a chaplain to the 2nd regiment of the Virginia militia under Col. George Gibson, and served until 1780.

In December 1777 Andrews accepted an appointment as Professor of Moral Philosophy at the College of William & Mary, but the college was often closed during the conflict. In October 1778, Andrews chaired the meeting to elect the Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Virginia and became the deputy to John Blair Jr., who was a prominent local lawyer and who would become an Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court in his final years.[6] When the college was reorganized in 1779 under the guidance of Thomas Jefferson and George Wythe (who became the country's first law professor), the grammar school was closed, the professorship of oriental languages was abolished and Rev. Madison resumed teaching Moral Philosophy. However, Andrews retained his position, with the Law of Nature and Nations and the Fine Arts added to his teaching portfolio. Andrews became the first college professor in the new nation to have fine arts included in his professorship. Andrews published an almanac in at least 1781, 1783, 1794 and 1795.[7] In 1784 he accepted the important mathematical professorship (the college certifying all surveyors in the new Commonwealth), and retained his position as professor until his death.[8]

Williamsburg voters elected Andrews to their Committee of Safety in 1779, and soon afterward, he became one of the town's alderman.[8] The college closed in late 1780 due to troop movements and the Battle of Green Spring before the Siege of Yorktown.

Politician

In 1781, Andrews became the personal secretary for governor Thomas Nelson.

His next elective office was as one of the delegates for James City County to the Virginia Ratifying Convention of 1788, which approved the United States Constitution.[9] Beginning in 1790, Williamsburg voters elected and re-elected Andrews as their (part-time) representative in the Virginia House of Delegates (1790–1798), although the new state's capital had moved to Richmond. He succeeded Edmund Randolph and was re-elected until 1799.[10] In 1798, Andrews voted against the Virginia Resolution opposing the federal Alien and Sedition Acts.[1] Williamsburg voters elected him to succeed Edmund Randolph in the House of Delegates and re-elected him numerous times.

Reverend James Madison and Andrews both served on the federal commission that established the final border between Virginia and Pennsylvania.

Personal life

He married, first, Elizabeth Ballard (1745-1793), whose father had been clerk of Princess Anne County, Maryland. Although neither of their sons married, nor did daughter Elizabeth, their firstborn daughter Anne married William Randolph of Wilton and their third daughter Catherine married Joseph Biddle Wilkinson (son of General Wilkinson, and who moved to Louisiana). After her death, Andrews remarried, to Mary Blair (1758-1820), daughter of Justice John Blair, but they had no children.[11]

Death and legacy

Andrews died in Williamsburg on February 4, 1804. The Swem Library of the College of William and Mary holds his papers, including a receipt for the sale of one slave.[12]

References

  1. 1 2 Kromkowski, Charles A. "The Virginia Elections and Elected Officials Database Project, 1776–2008". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved 2013-07-01.
  2. ↑ Wyker, Clara Berry (1917). Andrews Genealogy and Alliances. Cincinnati, Ohio: Methodist Book Concern Press. p. 42. ISBN 978-1-153-27566-8.
  3. ↑ Bell, James B. "Anglican Clergy in Colonial America Ordained by Bishops of London" (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. p. 110. Retrieved 20 February 2017.
  4. ↑ John R. Shook (ed.), Dictionary of Early American Philosophers p.33 available at google books
  5. ↑ Dictionary of Early American Philosophers
  6. ↑ "THE HISTORY OF THE GRAND LODGE OF VIRGINIA". The Grand Lodge of Virginia. 11 June 2023. Archived from the original on 30 November 2021.
  7. ↑ Andrews, Robert (1783). "The Virginia Almanack For the Year 1783, the Third Year after Leap Year" (PDF). digitalarchive.wm.edu. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
  8. 1 2 Robson, David W. (1985). Educating Republicans: the College in the Era of the American Revolution, 1750-1800. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. pp. 108. ISBN 978-0-313-24606-7.
  9. ↑ Cynthia Miller Leonard, The Virginia General Assembly 1619-1978 (Richmond: Virginia State Library 1978) p. 173
  10. ↑ Leonard pp. 181, 185, 189, 193, 197, 201, 205, 209, 213
  11. ↑ William and Mary College Quarterly Magazine, vol. 5, no. 1 (1896) p. 148
  12. ↑ "Collection: Robert Andrews Papers | Special Collections Research Center".
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