Rational analysis is a theoretical framework, methodology, and research program in cognitive science that has been developed by John Anderson.[1][2] The goal of rational analysis as a research program is to explain the function and purpose of cognitive processes and to discover the structure of the mind. Chater and Oaksford contrast it with the mechanistic explanations of cognition offered by both computational models and neuroscience.[3]

Rational analysis starts from the assumption that the mind is adapted to its environment. Rational analysis uses this assumption to investigate the structure and purpose of representations and cognitive processes by studying the structure of the environment. The methodology of rational analysis comprises six steps:[1][3]

  1. Goals: Specify precisely the goals of the cognitive system.
  2. Environment: Develop a formal model of the environment to which the system is adapted.
  3. Computational Limitations: Make the minimal assumptions about computational limitations.
  4. Optimization: Derive the optimal behavioral function given 1-3 above.
  5. Data: Examine the empirical literature to see whether the predictions of the behavioral function are confirmed.
  6. Iteration: Repeat, iteratively refining the theory

Rational analysis has been applied to memory, categorization, causal inference, problem solving,[2] and reasoning.[4] Recent work in rational analysis often involves Bayesian cognitive science.

This framework has been recently extended by Falk Lieder and Thomas L. Griffiths that have proposed the so-called Resource-Rational Analysis (RRA), trying to incorporate additional constraints from those minimally hypothesized by the Rational analysis. Such constraints also consider, for example, which cognitive operations are actually available to a cognitive agent and their time and cost demands [5] .

References

  1. 1 2 Anderson, J. R. (1991). "Is human cognition adaptive?". Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 14 (3): 471–517. doi:10.1017/s0140525x00070801. S2CID 143807810.
  2. 1 2 Anderson, J. R. (1990). "The adaptive character of thought". Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  3. 1 2 Chater, N.; Oaksford, M. (1999). "Ten years of the rational analysis of cognition" (PDF). Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 3 (2): 57–65. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.25.5657. doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(98)01273-x. PMID 10234228. S2CID 14148435.
  4. ↑ Oaksford, M.; Chater, N. (1994). "A rational analysis of the selection task as optimal data selection". Psychological Review. 101 (4): 608–631. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.174.4085. doi:10.1037/0033-295x.101.4.608.
  5. ↑ Lieder, F.; Griffiths, T. L. (2019). "Resource-rational analysis: Understanding human cognition as the optimal use of limited computational resources". Behavioral and Brain Sciences: 1–69.
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