Rangers
レンジャー
Ranger pin badge as used in the JSDF.
Active1956–present
Country Japan
Branch Japan Ground Self-Defense Force
TypeSpecial Forces-type training courses
RoleDirect action
Special reconnaissance
Unconventional warfare
Garrison/HQFuji Training School, JGSDF Camp Fuji
Insignia
Identification
symbol		Ranger Pin Badge

The Ranger Courses (レンジャー課程, Renjā-katei) are military education and training courses oriented toward Commando operations in the Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force (JGSDF).[1][Note 1]

History

The original course that is still held at Fuji School was established in 1956 by two JGSDF officers who had graduated from the United States Army Ranger School.[2][3] This course was basically the Japanese version of the American Ranger School at the beginning.[2]

In 1960, local ranger courses were started by each infantry regiment.[4] As ranger courses continued to be carried out in various JGSDF units, they developed according to the country's geography.[1]

Ranger Courses

Airborne Ranger students during exercise.

Generally, there are four types of Ranger Courses as follows, but all courses are known for their severe harshness so only eligible soldiers can take these courses:[Note 1]

Local courses
Enlisted ranks can take Ranger courses with their divisions, brigades and regiments. These courses are conducted by instructors who have completed the Fuji School course, but are localized according to the area in charge of each unit.[1] For example, there is the Japanese Alps in the area of responsibility for the 13th Infantry Regiment (Matsumoto, Nagano), so its Ranger Courses focus on mountain warfare and are known as the "Alpen Ranger".[5]
After heavy physical training, nine exercises are held in the ordinary local course for nine weeks while enduring great mental and psychological stresses and physical fatigue, and the following skills are acquired:[1]
At Fuji School (at the base of Mount Fuji)
Course instructor candidates and officers need to complete the 13-week course at the Fuji School.[7] Those who complete this course are specifically qualified to wear a gold badge.[4]
At Narashino (Chiba Prefecture)
The 1st Airborne Brigade aims to give ranger training to all the members and implements its own Airborne Ranger Courses.[8]
At Niseko (Hokkaido)
Winter Ranger Course (冬季遊撃課程, Tōki-Yūgeki-katei) is established by Cold Weather Combat Training Unit (冬季戦技教育隊, Tōki Sengi Kyōiku-tai). This is advanced post-graduate ranger training for cold-weather warfare, thus soldiers who have completed this course are entitled to wear special badges, in addition to regular ranger badges.[9]

JGSDF soldiers are not the only to participate in the courses. Air Self Defense Force paramedics (Japanese counterpart of the United States Air Force Pararescuemen) also have participated in Airborne Ranger Courses.[10] JGSDF rangers are known as the pioneers of the rope and mountain rescue techniques, thus eligible members of the civilian law enforcement and rescue organization (Mountain security squads of the Police and Rescue Technicians of the Fire departments,[Note 3] for example) can take Ranger Courses arranged for search and rescue operations.[11][12]

Deployment

Unlike the United States Army Rangers, the JGSDF has adopted a policy to improve the level of the whole forces by distributing rangers to each units, thus the unit consisting only of rangers was not established except for the training units in the Fuji School and CWCT. But in case of special operations or disaster response, commanding officers may gather Rangers and organize Ranger units temporarily.[1]

When Western Army Infantry Regiment (WAiR; later expanded to Amphibious Rapid Deployment Brigade) was launched in 2002, Ranger platoons were set up in this regiment. These platoons are certified as special operation units.[13] In 2012, they conducted joint landing exercises with the United States Marine Corps in Guam.[14][15]

Notes

  1. 1 2 As official names, Fuji Courses, Airborne Ranger Course and Winter Ranger Course are distinguished as Katei-kyōiku (課程教育) being supervised by Ground Staff Office officially, and local courses are Shūgo-kyōiku (集合教育) of each units own.
  2. ↑ According to Warrant Officer Susumu Takahashi, prospective Ranger candidates are first trained to handle paper maps and compasses.[6]
  3. ↑ They're known as Super Rangers in English literature in Japan with various fire departments/bureaus.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Tani 1988, pp. 124–153.
  2. 1 2 Tani 1988, pp. 29–44.
  3. ↑ Kevin Knodell (September 17, 2018). "Don't Let the U.S.-Japanese Alliance Get Out of Shape". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on September 18, 2018.
  4. 1 2 Yahagi 2020.
  5. ↑ North Kanto Defense Bureau [in Japanese], ed. (2016). "Featured! Ground Self Defense Force 13th Infantry Regiment" (PDF). Retrieved 2018-07-22.
  6. ↑ IPDForum (June 15, 2020). "Back to Basics". Retrieved December 13, 2021.
  7. ↑ Tani 1988, pp. 45–60.
  8. ↑ Tani 1988, pp. 93–123.
  9. ↑ Tani 1988, pp. 154–186.
  10. ↑ Air Staff Office 2006, p. 641.
  11. ↑ Defense Agency, ed. (1993). "Chapter 4. The Self-Defense Force in society". White paper for defense. Ministry of Finance Printing Bureau.
  12. ↑ Foreign Press Center Japan (November 7, 2014). "Notice: Yokohama Press Tour "Behind the Scenes of Disaster Rescue Initiatives in the Birthplace of Rescue Teams in Japan"". Retrieved June 18, 2019.
  13. ↑ Shigeru Ishiba (2004). "Instruction concerning the scope of special operation members" (PDF). Retrieved 2018-08-09.
  14. ↑ Hardy, James (January 21, 2013). "Japan's Navy: Sailing Towards the Future". The Diplomat.
  15. ↑ "First joint training in the island - The Ground Self Defense Force and the 3rd Marine Corps of the United States". The SDF news (in Japanese). October 15, 2012.

Books

  • Air Staff Office [in Japanese], ed. (2006). 航空自衛隊50年史: 美しき大空とともに [50 Years of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force: With the Beautiful Sky] (in Japanese). NCID BA77547615.
  • Tani, Saburō (1988). レインジャー―陸上自衛隊最強の戦闘員 [Rangers - The Strongest Combatants of the Ground Self Defense Force] (in Japanese). Fusosha Publishing. ISBN 978-4594002350.
  • Yahagi, Mayumi (2020). "レンジャー―肉体と精神の極限に挑む、陸上自衛隊最難関訓練 第1空挺団"空挺レンジャー"に密着" [Rangers - Close coverage of the Airborne Ranger Course]. 陸上自衛隊 BATTLE RECORDS [Battle Records of the Ground Self Defense Force] (in Japanese). Hobby Japan. pp. 44–51. ISBN 978-4798621814.
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