Qadam Kheyr (Northern Luri: قَدَمخَیر, Persian: قدم‌خیر, romanized: QadamXeyr, 1899-1933) of the Qalavand tribe, was a notable Luri[1][2] woman of the late Qajar and early Pahlavi period in Iran.

Biography

Qadam Kheyr was born in 1899 in the Alvar-e Garmsiri District of Andimeshk, hailing from the Qalavand tribe. Her father KëkhaQani was in charge of the large Qalavand clan, while her mother was a noblewoman named Javaher. She learned good social interactions, equestrian and shooting skills thanks to her paternal family status. Her only child, a boy named Mohammad was from her first husband Abbas. After the divorce, she married SafQoli, who was killed in battle with Iranian forces. After the war ended and the crushing defeat of the tribes by the governments forces, she married Jalal-Khan Walizade.[3]

Qadam Kheyr is considered a heroine in Luri communities and is praised as a brave, strong and upstanding woman. She gained a great reputation due to her efforts, which included the participation in the armed struggle alongside her brothers and husband and her dedication to deliver food and military equipment to tribal combat forces during the Luri tribal-governmental clashes (1927–1933).[4] The clashes ultimately resulted in the death of her husband and both brothers, as well as the nomads heavy defeat.[5] The British - Italian explorer and travel writer Freya Stark documented the reputation of Qadam Kheyr among Lurs and described her as a beautiful woman used to fighting along with her tribesmen against the enemies, skilled in shooting on horseback.[6] When a Luri storyteller praises good deeds of Qadam Kheyr, her courage, fitness and beauty, it simulates the Epic Gordafarid to the audience.[7] She died in 1933, four years after the death of her brothers and husband at Susa, and was buried in the a cemetery next to the old bridge in Dezful.[8]

References

  1. ↑ Richard, Y. (Ed.).(2009). East and West of Zagros: Travel, War and Politics in Persia and Iraq, 1913-1921. Brill.
  2. ↑ F.Stark, 1934,The Valleys of the Assassins: and Other Persian Travels, Modern library
  3. ↑ تاریخ جغرافیایی و اجتماعی لرستان، حمید ایزدپناه، ۱۳۷۶، تهران: انجمن آثار و مفاخر فرهنگی
  4. ↑ کاظمی، ایرج. مشاهیر لر. افلاک، خرم‌آباد: ۱۳۷۶
  5. ↑ Amanolahi, S. (2002). Reza Shah and the Lurs: The Impact of the Modern State on Luristan. Iran & the Caucasus, 6(1/2), 193-218. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/4030721
  6. ↑ F.Stark, 1934,The Valleys of the Assassins: and Other Persian Travels, Modern library
  7. ↑ جغرافیای تاریخی و تاریخ لرستان، ص ۵۲ و ۵۳، محمدعلی ساکی، ۱۳۴۳، گویش‌شناسی
  8. ↑ M.H.Pâpi, 2009, The Achaemenid ancestors of Bâlâgeriva. Aflak Publications, Khorramabad, ISBN 978-964-186-009-9
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