Waterfall greenhood
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Orchidoideae
Tribe: Cranichideae
Genus: Pterostylis
Species:
P. pulchella
Binomial name
Pterostylis pulchella
Messmer[1]
Synonyms[2]

Diplodium pulchellum (Messmer) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.

Pterostylis pulchella, commonly known as the waterfall greenhood,[3] escarpment greenhood[4] or pretty greenhood[5] is a species of orchid endemic to New South Wales. As with similar greenhoods, the flowering plants differ from those that are not flowering. The non-flowering plants have a rosette of leaves flat on the ground but the flowering plants have a single flower with leaves on the flowering stem. This greenhood has a reddish-brown flower with a greenish-white base and protruding labellum with a cleft tip.

Description

Pterostylis pulchella is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and when not flowering, a rosette of between three and five egg-shaped leaves lying flat on the ground. Each leaf is 10–25 mm (0.4–1 in) long and 6–15 mm (0.2–0.6 in) wide. Flowering plants have a single flower 25–35 mm (0.98–1.4 in) long and 15–18 mm (0.6–0.7 in) wide which leans slightly forwards on a flowering stem 60–150 mm (2–6 in) high with between three and five spreading stem leaves. The flowers are greenish-white near the base, reddish-brown above. The dorsal sepal and petals are fused, forming a hood or "galea" over the column, the dorsal sepal with a thread-like tip 5–12 mm (0.2–0.5 in) long. The lateral sepals are fused near their base, partly closing off the front of the flower and have erect, thread-like tips 30–35 mm (1.2–1.4 in) long. The labellum is 16–18 mm (0.6–0.7 in) long, about 4 mm (0.2 in) wide, curved, dark reddish-brown and protrudes above the sinus. Flowering occurs from February to May.[4][6]

Taxonomy and naming

Pterostylis pulchella was first formally described in 1933 by Pearl Messmer from a specimen collected near Fitzroy Falls. The description was published in Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales.[1][7] The specific epithet (pulchella) is the diminutive form of the Latin word pulcher meaning "pretty", hence "pretty little".[8]

Distribution and habitat

The waterfall greenhood grows on cliffs near waterfalls, on moist, sheltered ridges and on mossy rocks near creeks. It is found in only five locations on the Illawarra escarpment and Southern Highlands.[5][6]

Conservation

Pterostylis pulchella is listed as "vulnerable" under the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and the New South Wales Threatened Species Protection Act 1995. The main threat to the species is illegal collecting.[3][5][6]

References

  1. 1 2 "Pterostylis pulchella". APNI. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
  2. ↑ "Pterostylis pulchella". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  3. 1 2 "Waterfall greenhood - profile". Government of New South Wales Office of Environment and Heritage. Retrieved 10 July 2017.
  4. 1 2 Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. p. 296. ISBN 978-1877069123.
  5. 1 2 3 "Approved conservation advice for Pterostylis pulchella (pretty greenhood)" (PDF). Australian Government Department of the Environment. Retrieved 10 July 2017.
  6. 1 2 3 Jones, David L. "Pterostylis pulchella". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney: plantnet. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
  7. ↑ Messmer, Pearl R. (1933). "A new species of Pterostylis (Orchidaceae) R.Br". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 59: 429–430. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
  8. ↑ Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 641.
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