Pseuduvaria trimera
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Magnoliids
Order: Magnoliales
Family: Annonaceae
Genus: Pseuduvaria
Species:
P. trimera
Binomial name
Pseuduvaria trimera
Synonyms

Mitrephora trimera Craib
Pseuduvaria indochinensis Merr.

Pseuduvaria trimera is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae.[2] It is native to China, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam.[3] William Grant Craib, the British botanist who first formally described the species, named it after its fascicles of flowers that often occur in three (Latinized form of Greek τρι-, tri-) parts (Latinized form of Greek -μέρος, -meros).[4][5]

Description

It is a tree reaching 20 meters in height. The young, brown branches are densely hairy, but become hairless with maturity. Its egg-shaped to elliptical, slightly leathery leaves are 15-25 by 4–8.5 centimeters. The leaves have blunt to wedge-shaped bases and tapering tips, with the tapering portion 4-17 millimeters long. The leaves are sparsely hairy on their upper surface and hairless on their lower surface. The leaves have 14-18 pairs of secondary veins emanating from their midribs. Its very densely hairy petioles are 4-11 by 1.5-2.5 millimeters with a broad groove on their upper side. Its Inflorescences occur in groups of 3–6 on branches, and are organized on indistinct peduncles. Each inflorescence has up to 1-2 flowers. Each flower is on a very densely hairy pedicel that is 10-30 by 0.5-1.5 millimeters. The pedicels are organized on a rachis up to 5 millimeters long that have 2-3 bracts. The pedicels have a medial, very densely hairy bract that is up to 0.5-1.2 millimeter long. Its flowers are unisexual. Its flowers have 3 free, oval sepals, that are 1-1.5 by 2-2.5 millimeters. The sepals are hairless on their upper surface, densely hairy on their lower surface, and hairy at their margins. Its 6 petals are arranged in two rows of 3. The yellow to light green, oval, outer petals are 2-3 by 1.5-3 millimeters with hairless upper and very densely hairy lower surfaces. The yellow to light green, triangular inner petals have a 2.5-5 millimeter long claw at their base and a 5-8 by 3-3.5 millimeter blade. The inner petals have flat bases and pointed tips. The inner petals are sparsely hairy on their upper surfaces and densely hairy on lower surfaces. The male flowers have 46-56 stamens that are 0.6-0.8 by 0.5-0.8 millimeters. Female flowers have 7-14 carpels that are 1.5-2 by 0.7-1 millimeters. Each carpel has up to 5-6 ovules arranged in two rows. The female flowers have 7-9 sterile stamen. The fruit occur in clusters of 7-8 are organized on indistinct peduncles. The fruit are attached by sparsely nearly hairless pedicles that are 20-30 by 2.5-3.5 millimeters. The green, globe-shaped fruit are 16-22 by 16-21 millimeters. The fruit are wrinkly, and densely hairy. Each fruit has up to 6 hemispherical to lens-shaped, wrinkly seeds that are 12.5-17 by 7.5-9.5 by 4.5-7 millimeters. Each seed has a 0.5-2 by 0.5-1.2 millimeter circular to elliptical hilum. The seeds are arranged in two rows in the fruit.[6]

Reproductive biology

The pollen of P. trimera is shed as permanent tetrads.[7]

Habitat and distribution

It has been observed growing in evergreen and deciduous forests below limestone mountains at elevations of 240–1500 meters.[6]

Uses

Extracts of bioactive molecules from its tissues have been reported to contain aporphine derivatives with cytoxic activity in tests with culture human cancer cells.[8]

References

  1. ↑ Verspagen, N.; Erkens, R.H.J.; Daniels, A. (2021). "Pseuduvaria trimera". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T179887121A179887125. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T179887121A179887125.en. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  2. ↑ " Pseuduvaria trimera (Craib) Y. C. F. Su & R. M. K. Saunders". Catalogue of Life. Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  3. ↑ "Pseuduvaria trimera (Craib) Y.C.F.Su & R.M.K.Saunders". Plants of the World Online. The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. n.d. Archived from the original on March 5, 2022. Retrieved March 5, 2022.
  4. ↑ Stearn, William (2004). Botanical Latin. Portland, Ore. Newton Abbot: Timber Press David & Charles. p. 447. ISBN 978-0-7153-1643-6. OCLC 54506454.
  5. ↑ Craib, W.G. (1913). "Contributions to the Flora of Siam. Additamenta III". Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information: 65–72. Archived from the original on 2018-10-14. Retrieved 2022-03-05.
  6. 1 2 Su, Yvonne C.F.; Saunders, Richard M.K. (2006). Monograph of Pseuduvaria (Annonaceae). Systematic Botany Monographs. Vol. 79. American Society of Plant Taxonomists. pp. 1–204. JSTOR 25027955.
  7. ↑ Su, Yvonne C. F.; Saunders, Richard M. K. (2003). "Pollen structure, tetrad cohesion and pollen-connecting threads in Pseuduvaria (Annonaceae)". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 143 (1): 69–78. doi:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.00204.x. ISSN 1095-8339.
  8. ↑ Sesang, W., Punyanitya, S., Pitchuanchom, S., Udomputtimekakul, P., Nuntasaen, N., Banjerdpongchai, R., Wudtiwai, B., Pompimon, W. (2014), "Cytotoxic Aporphine Alkaloids from Leaves and Twigs of Pseuduvaria trimera (Craib)", Molecules, MDPI AG, 19 (7): 8762–8772, doi:10.3390/molecules19078762, PMC 6270962, PMID 24968332
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