The Provincial Assembly (Nepali: प्रदेश सभा; Pradesh Sabha) is the unicameral legislative assembly for a federal province of Nepal.[1]

According to Article 176 of the Constitution of Nepal 2015, following the dissolution of the provincial assembly all the members forming the Provincial Assembly are elected. The term for the Provincial Assembly is five years, except when dissolved earlier.

Candidates for each constituency are chosen by the political parties or stand as independents. Each constituency elects one member under the first past the post system of election. Since Nepal uses a parallel voting system, voters cast another ballot to elect members through the party-list proportional representation. The current constitution specifies that sixty percent of the members should be elected from the first past the post system and forty percent through the party-list proportional representation system. Women should account for one third of total members elected from each party and if one-third percentage are not elected, the party that fails to ensure so shall have to elect one-third of total number as women through the party-list proportional representation.[2]

A party with an overall majority (more seats than all other parties combined) following an election forms the government. If a party has no outright majority, parties can seek to form coalitions.

The first provincial assembly elections in Nepal was held in two phase on 26 November 2017 and on 7 December 2017.[3]

There are 550 provincial seats in all of 7 provinces of Nepal. In which 330 (60%) of Provincial seats will be elected through first past the post and 220 (40%) of seats will be elected through proportional representation.[4]

List of provincial assemblies

Ruling party by province, as of 27 April 2023
Assembly House strength Seat Ruling party Current house
FPTP Seats PR Seats Total seats
Koshi Province 56 37 93 Biratnagar Nepali Congress 2nd
Madhesh Province 64 43 107 Janakpur PSP-N 2nd
Bagmati Province 66 44 110 Hetauda Maoist Centre 2nd
Gandaki Province 36 24 60 Pokhara Nepali Congress 2nd
Lumbini Province 52 35 87 Deukhuri Nepali Congress 2nd
Karnali Province 24 16 40 Birendranagar Maoist Centre 2nd
Sudurpashchim Province 32 21 53 Godawari Nepali Congress 2nd
Total 330 220 550 — —

Seat distribution

Provincial Assembly Total

seats

 Seats
NC UML MC RPP US PSP JP NUP LSP NMKP HNP RJM NFSP Ind
Koshi Province[5] 93 29 40 13 6 4 1
Madhesh[6] 107 22 24 9 1 7 19 13 1 9 1 1
Bagmati[7] 110 37 27 21 13 7 3 2
Gandaki[8] 60 27 22 8 2 1
Lumbini[9] 87 27 29 10 4 1 3 3 4 3 1 2
Karnali[10] 40 14 10 13 1 1 1
Sudurpashchim[11] 53 19 10 11 1 4 7 1
Total 550 175 162 85 28 25 23 16 12 12 3 2 1 1 5

Koshi Provincial Assembly

As per the Constituency Delimitation Commission report, Koshi Province has 56 provincial seats under the FPTP (first-past-the-post) across 14 districts.[12]

Districts Constituencies
Taplejung District 2
Panchthar District 2
Ilam District 4
Jhapa District 10
Morang District 12
Sunsari District 8
Dhankuta District 2
Sankhuwasabha District 2
Bhojpur District 2
Tehrathum District 2
Okhaldhunga District 2
Khotang District 2
Solukhumbu District 2
Udayapur District 4

Madhesh Provincial Assembly

Each district of Madhesh province has 8 provincial assembly seats, totalling to 64 seats under FPTP.[12]: 7 

Districts Constituencies
Saptari District 8
Siraha District 8
Dhanusha District 8
Mahottari District 8
Sarlahi District 8
Rautahat District 8
Bara District 8
Parsa District 8

Bagmati Provincial Assembly

Bagmati has 66 provincial assembly seats under FPTP.

Districts Constituencies
Sindhuli District 4
Ramechhap District 2
Dolakha District 2
Sindhupalchok District 4
Kavrepalanchok District 4
Lalitpur District 6
Bhaktapur District 4
Kathmandu District 20
Nuwakot District 4
Rasuwa District 2
Dhading District 4
Makwanpur District 4
Chitwan District 6

Gandaki Provincial Assembly

Gandaki has 36 provincial assembly seats under FPTP.

Districts Constituencies
Gorkha District 4
Lamjung District 2
Tanahu District 4
Syangja District 4
Kaski District 6
Manang District 2
Mustang District 2
Parbat District 2
Myagdi District 2
Baglung District 4
Nawalpur District 4

Lumbini Provincial Assembly

Lumbini has 52 provincial assembly seats under FPTP.

Districts Constituencies
Gulmi District 4
Palpa District 4
Rupandehi District 10
Arghakhanchi District 2
Kapilvastu District 6
Pyuthan District 2
Rolpa District 2
Dang District 6
Bardiya District 4
Banke District 6
Parasi District 4
Eastern Rukum District 2

Karnali Provincial Assembly

Karnali has 24 provincial assembly seats under FPTP.

Districts Constituencies
Salyan District 2
Surkhet District 4
Dailekh District 4
Jajarkot District 2
Dolpa District 2
Humla District 2
Kalikot District 2
Mugu District 2
Jumla District 2
Western Rukum District 2

Sudurpashchim Provincial Assembly

Sudurpashchim has 32 provincial assembly seats under FPTP.

Districts Constituencies
Bajura District 2
Bajhang District 2
Achham District 4
Doti District 2
Kailali District 10
Kanchanpur District 6
Dadeldhura District 2
Baitadi District 2
Darchula District 2

Notes

    References

    1. ↑ "CA approves ceremonial prez, bicameral legislature". Kanptipur Media Group. 16 September 2015. Retrieved 8 December 2017. Provincial parliaments will be unicameral. "The CA also approved a mixed electoral system for parliamentary election with 60 percent directly elected and 40 percent proportionally elected."
    2. ↑ "NEPAL: Diluted proportional electoral system". scoop.co.nz. Scoop world. 16 October 2017. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
    3. ↑ "Election programme announced for HoR and Provincial Assembly". corporatenepal.com. 12 September 2017. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
    4. ↑ "Infra for provincial assemblies: Govt preparation far from satisfactory". Kantipur Media Group. 15 September 2017. Retrieved 8 December 2017. There will be 550 members in all seven provinces after the elections, with Province 3 having the highest number of members (110). Province 7 will have the lowest number of members of 53.
    5. ↑ "प्रदेश सभा सदस्यहरु". प्रदेश सभा सचिवालय, कोशी प्रदेश, विराटनगर (in Nepali). Retrieved 2021-11-29.
    6. ↑ "संसदीय दलहरु". प्रदेश सभा सचिवालय, प्रदेश नं.२, जनकपुरधाम (in Nepali). Retrieved 2021-11-29.
    7. ↑ "प्रदेश सभाका सदस्य". प्रदेश सभा सचिवालय, बागमती प्रदेश, हेटौडा (in Nepali). Retrieved 2021-11-29.
    8. ↑ "प्रदेश सभा, गण्डकी प्रदेशमा प्रतिनिधित्व गर्ने राजनीतिक दलहरु". प्रदेश सभा सचिवालय, प्रदेश नं. ४, पोखरा (in Nepali). Retrieved 2021-11-29.
    9. ↑ "राजनीतिक दलहरु". प्रदेश सभा सचिवालय, लुम्बिनी प्रदेश, बुटवल (in Nepali). Retrieved 2021-11-29.
    10. ↑ "राजनीतिक दलहरु". प्रदेश सभा सचिवालय, कर्णाली प्रदेश, वीरेन्द्रनगर (in Nepali). Retrieved 2021-11-29.
    11. ↑ "माननीयहरुको विवरण". प्रदेश सभा सचिवालय, सुदूरपश्‍चिम प्रदेश, धनगढी (in Nepali). Retrieved 2021-11-29.
    12. 1 2 "EDITORIAL: Important step". The Himalayan Times. 1 September 2017. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
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