Potestaat was the title of a governor of medieval Friesland. According to the legendary 8th-century Karelsprivilege, which is probably a later forgery, Charlemagne had first granted the title of potestaat to Magnus Forteman. He and most of his early successors were probably entirely fictional, invented later by pseudohistorians in order to argue in favour of the notion of Frisian freedom. The title potestaat does not appear in historical documents until 1470, and at most, the earliest potestaat avant la lettre can be dated to the 13th century.
In 1851, Wopke Eekhoff compiled the following list in Beknopte Geschiedenis van Friesland ("Brief History of Friesland"). However, most of the list is fictitious.[1]
Legendary
Most of the early potestaats are completely legendary.
- Magnus Forteman, fl. 809 (first recipient of the Karelsprivilege)
- Taco Ludigman, fl. c. 830 (Focko Ludigman) (protected the country against pirates)
- Adelbrik Adelen, fl. c. 830 (won a victory over a Swedish duke at Kollum)
- Hessel Hermana, 869-876 (a diligent warrior against the Vikings)
- Igo Galema (Ygo Galema), 876-910
- Gosse Ludigman, 986-1000
- Saco Reinalda, 1150-1167 (many Frisians were recruited into the crusades to the Holy Land)
Generally accepted
From here the evidence for their existence is considerably better supported:
- Sicko Sjaerdema, 1237-1260 (Count William II of Holland offered him regional rule of Friesland)
- Reinier Camminga, 1300-1306 (killed in the fight against "Danes Noertmannen ende")
- Hessel Martena, 1306-1313 (protected Friesland against the attacks of the counts of Holland)
- Juw Juwinga (Jonghema Ju), 1396 (killed in the Battle of Schoterzijl against Albert I, Duke of Bavaria)
- Sytse Dekama, 1397-?
- Gale Hania
- Odo Botnia, ?-1399
- Sjoerd Wiarda, 1399-1410 (elected by the Schieringers for Oostergo)
- Haring Haringsma (Haring Harinxma, or Haring Thoe Heeg), 1399-1404 (elected by the Schieringers for Westergo)
In 1464, Ulrich I of East Frisia was raised to the status of Count by Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor, and East Frisia became a separate county. Continues in List of counts of East Frisia
- Juw Dekama, 1494-1498 (died 1523) (only governed Oostergo)
With the victory of the Schieringers against the Vetkopers, the office passed to the dukes of Saxony:
- Albert, Duke of Saxony, 1498–1500 – appointed as gubernator and potestaat by Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor[2]
- Henry IV, Duke of Saxony, 1500-1505 (died 1541)
- George, Duke of Saxony, 1505-1515 (died 1539)
See also
References
- ↑ "The Project Gutenberg eBook of Beknopte Geschiedenis van Friesland, by Wopke Eekhoff". gutenberg.org. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
- ↑ "Schieringers en Vetkopers". Encarta Encyclopedie Winkler Prins (in Dutch). Microsoft Corporation/Het Spectrum. 2002.