PKD1
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesPKD1, PBP, Pc-1, TRPP1, polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting, PC1
External IDsOMIM: 601313 MGI: 97603 HomoloGene: 250 GeneCards: PKD1
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

5310

18763

Ensembl

ENSG00000008710

ENSMUSG00000032855

UniProt

P98161

O08852

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_000296
NM_001009944

NM_013630

RefSeq (protein)

NP_000287
NP_001009944

NP_038658

Location (UCSC)Chr 16: 2.09 – 2.14 MbChr 17: 24.55 – 24.6 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Polycystin 1 (PC1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PKD1 gene.[5][6] Mutations of PKD1 are associated with most cases of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, a severe hereditary disorder of the kidneys characterised by the development of renal cysts and severe kidney dysfunction.[7]

Protein structure and function

PC1 interacts with polycystin 2 by a cytoplasmic coiled-coil domain.

PC1 is a membrane-bound protein 4303 amino acids in length expressed largely upon the primary cilium, as well as apical membranes, adherens junctions, and desmosomes.[8] It has 11 transmembrane domains, a large extracellular N-terminal domain, and a short (about 200 amino acid) cytoplasmic C-terminal domain.[8][9] This intracellular domain contains a coiled-coil domain through which PC1 interacts with polycystin 2 (PC2), a membrane-bound Ca2+-permeable ion channel.

PC1 has been proposed to act as a G protein–coupled receptor.[8][10] The C-terminal domain may be cleaved in a number of different ways. In one instance, a ~35 kDa portion of the tail has been found to accumulate in the cell nucleus in response to decreased fluid flow in the mouse kidney.[11] In another instance, a 15 kDa fragment may be yielded, interacting with transcriptional activator and co-activator STAT6 and p100, or components of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway in an inhibitory manner.[12][13]

The structure of the human PKD1-PKD2 complex has been solved by cryo-electron microscopy, which showed a 1:3 ratio of PKD1 and PKD2 in the structure. PKD1 consists of a voltage-gated ion channel fold that interacts with PKD2.[14]

PC1 mediates mechanosensation of fluid flow by the primary cilium in the renal epithelium and of mechanical deformation of articular cartilage.[15]

Gene

Splice variants encoding different isoforms have been noted for PKD1. The gene is closely linked to six pseudogenes in a known duplicated region on chromosome 16p.[16]

References

  1. 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000008710 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000032855 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ↑ Hughes J, Ward CJ, Peral B, Aspinwall R, Clark K, San Millán JL, Gamble V, Harris PC (June 1995). "The polycystic kidney disease 1 (PKD1) gene encodes a novel protein with multiple cell recognition domains". Nature Genetics. 10 (2): 151–60. doi:10.1038/ng0695-151. PMID 7663510. S2CID 20636101.
  6. ↑ "Polycystic kidney disease: the complete structure of the PKD1 gene and its protein. The International Polycystic Kidney Disease Consortium". Cell. 81 (2): 289–98. April 1995. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90339-9. PMID 7736581. S2CID 11114706.
  7. ↑ Torres VE, Harris PC, Pirson Y (April 2007). "Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease". Lancet. 369 (9569): 1287–301. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60601-1. PMID 17434405. S2CID 1700992.
  8. 1 2 3 Zhou J (2009). "Polycystins and primary cilia: primers for cell cycle progression". Annual Review of Physiology. 71: 83–113. doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.70.113006.100621. PMID 19572811.
  9. ↑ Dalagiorgou G, Basdra EK, Papavassiliou AG (October 2010). "Polycystin-1: function as a mechanosensor". The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology. 42 (10): 1610–3. doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2010.06.017. PMID 20601082.
  10. ↑ Trudel M, Yao Q, Qian F (January 2016). "The Role of G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Proteolysis Site Cleavage of Polycystin-1 in Renal Physiology and Polycystic Kidney Disease". Cells. 5 (1): 3. doi:10.3390/cells5010003. PMC 4810088. PMID 26805887.
  11. ↑ Chauvet V, Tian X, Husson H, Grimm DH, Wang T, Hiesberger T, Hieseberger T, Igarashi P, Bennett AM, Ibraghimov-Beskrovnaya O, Somlo S, Caplan MJ (November 2004). "Mechanical stimuli induce cleavage and nuclear translocation of the polycystin-1 C terminus". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 114 (10): 1433–43. doi:10.1172/JCI21753. PMC 1052027. PMID 15545994.
  12. ↑ Low SH, Vasanth S, Larson CH, Mukherjee S, Sharma N, Kinter MT, Kane ME, Obara T, Weimbs T (January 2006). "Polycystin-1, STAT6, and P100 function in a pathway that transduces ciliary mechanosensation and is activated in polycystic kidney disease". Developmental Cell. 10 (1): 57–69. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2005.12.005. PMID 16399078.
  13. ↑ Lal M, Song X, Pluznick JL, Di Giovanni V, Merrick DM, Rosenblum ND, Chauvet V, Gottardi CJ, Pei Y, Caplan MJ (October 2008). "Polycystin-1 C-terminal tail associates with beta-catenin and inhibits canonical Wnt signaling". Human Molecular Genetics. 17 (20): 3105–17. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddn208. PMC 2722884. PMID 18632682.
  14. ↑ Shi Y, Mei C, Zhou Q, Wang T, Yu S, Lei J, Ge X, Hu F, Su Q (2018-09-07). "Structure of the human PKD1-PKD2 complex". Science. 361 (6406): eaat9819. doi:10.1126/science.aat9819. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 30093605.
  15. ↑ Nauli SM, Alenghat FJ, Luo Y, Williams E, Vassilev P, Li X, Elia AE, Lu W, Brown EM, Quinn SJ, Ingber DE, Zhou J (February 2003). "Polycystins 1 and 2 mediate mechanosensation in the primary cilium of kidney cells". Nature Genetics. 33 (2): 129–37. doi:10.1038/ng1076. PMID 12514735. S2CID 23149223.
  16. ↑ "Entrez Gene: PKD1 polycystic kidney disease 1 (autosomal dominant)".
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