This pinyin table is a complete listing of all Hanyu Pinyin syllables used in Standard Chinese. Each syllable in a cell is composed of an initial (columns) and a final (rows). An empty cell indicates that the corresponding syllable does not exist in Standard Chinese.

The below table indicates possible combinations of initials and finals in Standard Chinese, but does not indicate tones, which are equally important to the proper pronunciation of Chinese. Although some initial-final combinations have some syllables using each of the five different tones, most do not. Some utilize only one tone.

Pinyin entries in this page can be compared to syllables using the (unromanized) Zhuyin phonetic system in the Zhuyin table page.

Finals are grouped into subsets a, i, u and ü.

i, u and ü groupings indicate a combination of those finals with finals from Group a. For example:

GroupSpecial combination
ii + ê = ie i + ou = iu
u u + ei = ui u + en = un
ü ü + ê = ue

Most syllables are a combination of an initial and a final. However, some syllables have no initials. This is shown in Pinyin as follows:

  • if the syllable begins with an i, it is replaced with a y
  • if the syllable begins with an u, it is replaced with a w
  • if the syllable begins with an ü, it is replaced with yu
  • exceptions to the rules above are indicated by yellow in the table's no initial column:

Note that the y, w, and yu replacements above do not change the pronunciation of the final in the final-only syllable. They are used to avoid ambiguity when writing words in pinyin. For example, instead of:

  • "uen" and "ian" forming "uenian", which could be interpreted as:
    • "uen-ian"
    • "uen-i-an" or
    • "u-en-i-an"
  • the syllables are written "wen" and "yan" which results in the more distinct "wenyan"

There are discrepancies between the Bopomofo tables and the pinyin table due to some minor differences between the Mainland standard, putonghua, and the Taiwanese standard, guoyu, in the standard readings of characters. For example, the variant sounds 挼 (ruá; ㄖㄨㄚˊ), 扽 (dèn; ㄉㄣˋ), 忒 (tēi; ㄊㄟ) are not used in guoyu. Likewise the variant sound 孿 (lüán; ㄌㄩㄢˊ) is not recognized in putonghua, or it is folded into (luán; ㄌㄨㄢˊ). A few readings reflect a Standard Chinese approximation of a regionalism that is otherwise never encountered in either putonghua or guoyu. For instance, 覅 (fiào; ㄈㄧㄠˋ) is a borrowing from Shanghainese (and other dialects of Wu Chinese) that are commonly used, and are thus included in most large dictionaries, even though it is usually labeled as a nonstandard regionalism (方, short for 方言 (topolect)), with the local reading viau [vjɔ], which is approximated in Standard Chinese as fiào.

Overall table

Syllables in italics are considered nonstandard, and only exist in the form of regionalisms, neologisms or slang.

Pinyin table Initials Pinyin table
∅bpmfdtnlgkhjqxzhchshrzcs
Group
a
Finals		 i zhichishirizicisi i Group
a
Finals
a abapamafadatanalaga
[note 1]		kahazhachashazacasa a
o o
[note 2]		bopomofolo
[note 3]		 o
e eme
[note 4]		detenelegekehezhechesherezecese e
ê ê
[note 5]		 ê
ai aibaipaimaidaitainailaigaikaihaizhaichaishaizaicaisai ai
ei ei
[note 6]		beipeimeifeidei
[note 7]		tei
[note 8]		neileigeikei
[note 9]
[table 1]		heizhei
[note 10]		sheizeicei
[note 11]		sei
[note 12] [table 1]		 ei
ao aobaopaomaodaotaonaolaogaokaohaozhaochaoshaoraozaocaosao ao
ou oupou
[note 13]		moufoudoutounou
[note 14]		lougoukouhouzhouchoushourouzoucousou ou
an anbanpanmanfandantannanlangankanhanzhanchanshanranzancansan an
en enbenpenmenfenden
[note 15]		nenlen
[note 16]		genkenhenzhenchenshenrenzen
[note 17]		cen
[note 18]		sen en
ang angbangpangmangfangdangtangnanglanggangkanghangzhangchangshangrangzangcangsang ang
eng eng
[note 19]		bengpengmengfengdengtengnenglenggengkenghengzhengchengshengrengzengcengseng eng
ong ong
[note 20]		dongtongnonglonggongkonghongzhongchongrongzongcongsong ong
er er er
Group
i
Finals		 i yibipimiditinilijiqixi i Group
i
Finals
ia yapia
[note 21]		dia
[note 22]		nia
[note 23] [table 1]		lia
[note 24]		jiaqiaxia ia
io yo
[note 25]		 io
ie yebiepiemiedietienieliejieqiexie ie
iai yai
[note 26] [table 1]		 iai
iao yaobiaopiaomiaofiao
[note 27]		diaotiaoniaoliaojiaoqiaoxiao iao
iu youmiu
[note 28]		diuniuliukiu
[note 29]		jiuqiuxiu iu
ian yanbianpianmiandiantiannianlianjianqianxian ian
in yinbinpinminninlinjinqinxin in
iang yangbiang
[note 30]		diang
[note 31] [table 1]		niangliangjiangqiangxiang iang
ing yingbingpingmingdingtingninglingjingqingxing ing
iong yongjiong
[note 32]		qiongxiong iong
Group
u
Finals		 u wubupumufudutunulugukuhuzhuchushuruzucusu u Group
u
Finals
ua waguakuahuazhuachua
[note 33]		shuarua
[note 34]		 ua
uo woduotuonuoluoguokuohuozhuochuoshuoruozuocuosuo uo
uai waiguaikuaihuaizhuai
[note 35]		chuai
[note 36]		shuai uai
ui weiduituinui
[note 37]		guikuihuizhuichuishuiruizuicuisui ui
uan wanduantuannuanluanguankuanhuanzhuanchuanshuanruanzuancuansuan uan
un wenduntunnun
[note 38]		lungunkunhunzhunchunshunrunzuncunsun un
uang wangduang
[note 39]		guangkuanghuangzhuangchuangshuang uang
ueng weng ueng
Group
ü
Finals		 ü yunülüjuquxu ü Group
ü
Finals
üe yuenüelüejuequexue üe
üan yuanlüan
[note 40]
[table 1]		juanquanxuan üan
ün yunlün
[note 41]		junqunxun ün
Pinyin table ∅bpmfdtnlgkhjqxzhchshrzcs Pinyin table
Initials
Color Legend:
"regular" initial or final

Final is in Group a or is a direct combination of:

  • i+Group a final
  • u+Group a final
  • ü+Group a final
 Final of i, u, ü groups is a modified combination of:
  • i+Group a final
  • u+Group a final
  • ü+Group a final
 syllable is direct combination of initial and final (or follows rules for no-initial syllables outlined at the top of the page) syllable is modified combination of initial and final

There are also a very small number of syllables consisting only of consonants: m (呣), n (嗯), ng (嗯), hm (噷), hng (哼).

Erhua contraction

Additional syllables in pinyin exist to represent the erhua phenomenon by combining the affected syllable with an -r ending, rather than transcribing 兒/儿 as a separate ér syllable. This can be seen as analogous to certain contractions in English such as "they're" in place of "they are".

Original characters 那裡、那里人緣、人缘兒媳婦、儿媳妇
Original pinyinnàlirényuánérxífu
Erhua characters 那兒、那儿人緣兒、人缘儿兒媳婦兒、儿媳妇儿
Erhua pinyinnàrrényuánrérxífur

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ See 嘎.
  2. ↑ See 哦.
  3. ↑ See 咯.
  4. ↑ See 麼.
  5. ↑ See 誒.
  6. ↑ See 欸.
  7. ↑ See 得.
  8. ↑ See 忒.
  9. ↑ See 剋.
  10. ↑ See 這.
  11. ↑ See 𤭢.
  12. ↑ See 塞 and the neologism C.
  13. ↑ See 剖.
  14. ↑ See 耨.
  15. ↑ See 扽.
  16. ↑ See 啉.
  17. ↑ See 簪.
  18. ↑ See 岑.
  19. ↑ See 鞥.
  20. ↑ See the variant pronunciation of 唵.
  21. ↑ See 啪.
  22. ↑ See 嗲.
  23. ↑ See 㖸.
  24. ↑ See 倆.
  25. ↑ See 唷.
  26. ↑ See the Taiwan variant pronunciations of e.g. 厓, 崖, 睚, 啀.
  27. ↑ See 𧟰.
  28. ↑ See 謬.
  29. ↑ See the neologism Q.
  30. ↑ See 𰻞 and biangbiang noodles.
  31. ↑ See 噹.
  32. ↑ See 窘.
  33. ↑ See 欻.
  34. ↑ See 挼.
  35. ↑ See 拽.
  36. ↑ See 揣.
  37. ↑ See 捼 .
  38. ↑ See 黁.
  39. ↑ See the neologism duang.
  40. ↑ See the Taiwan variant pronunciations of e.g. 孌, 攣, 孿, 臠, 癵.
  41. ↑ See the Beijing variant pronunciation of 淋.
  • Standard Mandarin Pinyin Table The complete listing of all Pinyin syllables used in Standard Chinese, along with native speaker pronunciation for each syllable.
  • Pinyin table Pinyin table, syllables are pronounced in all four tones.
  • Pinyin Chart for Web Pinyin Chart for Web, every available tones in the Chinese language included.
  • Pinyin Chart for iPad Pinyin Chart app for iPad, every available tone in the Chinese language included.
  • Pinyin Chart for iPhone Pinyin Chart app for iPhone, every available tones in the Chinese language included.
  • Pinyin Table for Android Pinyin Table for Android, every available tones in the Chinese language included.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.