Pila
A shell of Pila virescens
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda
Order: Architaenioglossa
Family: Ampullariidae
Genus: Pila
Röding, 1798[1]
Type species
Helix ampullacea Linnaeus, 1758
Diversity[2]
about 30 species
Synonyms
  • Ampullaria Lamarck, 1799
  • Ampullaria (Pachylabra) Swainson, 1840 (original rank)
  • Ampullaria (Pomus) Gray, 1847 (unaccepted combination)
  • Ampullarius Montfort, 1810 (invalid: unjustified emendation of Ampullaria)
  • Ampullarius (Ampullarius) Montfort, 1810 (invalid: unjustified emendation to Ampullaria Lamarck, 1799)
  • † Ampullopsis Repelin, 1902 (junior subjective synonym)
  • Pachychilus Philippi, 1851 (unjustified emendation of Pachylabra)
  • Pachylabra Swainson, 1840 (unnecessary nom. nov. pro Pachystoma Guilding, 1828)
  • Pachystoma Guilding, 1828
  • Pila (Turbinicola) Annandale & Prashad, 1921
  • Pomus Gray, 1847
  • Turbinicola Annandale & Prashad, 1921

Pila is a genus of large freshwater snails with an operculum, African and Asian apple snails, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Ampullariidae, the apple snails.

Distribution

Distribution of the genus Pila include Africa, Madagascar, southern Asia and Indo-Pacific islands. It is amphibious in nature and can undergo summer sleep or aestivation under drought condition. It is generally found in lakes, pools, and sometimes even in the river streams where aquatic vegetation like Vallisneria, Pistia are found in large amount for food.[3]

External Features

When viewed from ventral side facing the collumella towards the observer, the collumella rotates clockwise or Dextral.

Species

Species within the genus Pila include:

subgenus Pila

  • Pila africana (v. Martens, 1886)[2][3]
  • Pila ampullacea (Linnaeus, 1758) - type species[2][3]
  • † Pila assermoensis (Jodot, 1953)
  • Pila brohardi (Granger, 1892)[2]
  • † Pila busserti Harzhauser & Neubauer in Harzhauser et al., 2017
  • Pila cecillei (Philipi, 1848)[2][3]
  • † Pila celebensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834)
  • † Pila colchesteri Cox, 1933
  • Pila decocta (Mabille, 1887)
  • † Pila falloti (Jodot, 1953)
  • † Pila faujasii (Serres, 1829)
  • † Pila gauthieri (Jodot, 1953)
  • Pila globosa (Swainson, 1822)[2]
  • Pila gracilis (I. Lea, 1856)
  • Pila mizoramensis Sil, Basak, Karanth & Aravind, 2021
  • † Pila mutungi Van Damme & Pickford, 1995
  • † Pila neuberti Harzhauser & Neubauer in Harzhauser et al., 2016
  • Pila nevilliana (Annandale & Prashad, 1921)
  • Pila occidentalis (Mousson, 1887)[2][3]
  • Pila ovata (Olivier, 1804)[2][3]
  • Pila pesmei (Morelet, 1889)[2]
  • Pila saxea (Reeve, 1856)[2]
  • Pila scutata (Mousson, 1848)[2][4]
  • Pila speciosa (Philippi, 1849)[2][3]
  • Pila turbinis (I. Lea, 1856)
  • Pila virens (Lamarck, 1822)[2]
  • Pila virescens (Deshayes, 1824)
  • Pila wernei (Philipi, 1851)[2][3]

subgenus Turbinicola Annandale & Prashad, 1921[5]

  • Pila aperta (Prashad, 1925)[2]
  • Pila (Turbinicola) saxea (Annandale & Prashad, 1921)[2]
Synonyms
  • Pila aldersoni Pain, 1946: synonym of Pomacea aldersoni (Pain, 1946) (original combination)
  • Pila angelica (Annandale, 1920): synonym of Pila celebensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834)
  • Pila conica (Wood, 1828): synonym of Pila scutata (Mousson, 1848)
  • Pila gradata (E. A. Smith, 1881): synonym of Pila ovata (Olivier, 1804)
  • Pila hollingsworthi T. Pain, 1946: synonym of Pomacea hollingsworthi (Pain, 1946) (original combination)
  • Pila polita (Deshayes, 1830): synonym of Pila virescens (Deshayes, 1824)
  • † Pila selvensis (Vidal, 1917) †: synonym of † Selvovum selvense (Vidal, 1917)

Ecology

Pila species are a host of a trematode Multicotyle purvisi.[6]

Human use

The shells of Pila are used in traditional ethnomedicine for weakness by Saharia people in Rajasthan, India.[7]

Pila ampullacea and Pila pesmei are some of the rice field snail species traditionally eaten in Thailand that have been displaced by the invasive golden apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata.[8]

References

  1. ↑ Röding P. F. (1798). Museum Boltenianum sive catalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturæ quæ olim collegerat Joa. Fried Bolten, M. D. p. d. per XL. annos proto physicus Hamburgensis. Pars secunda continens conchylia sive testacea univalvia, bivalvia & multivalvia. pp. [1-3], [1-8], 1-199. Hamburg. page 145.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 "Pila". The apple snail website, Accessed 16 May 2011.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Brown D. S. (1994). Freshwater Snails of Africa and their Medical Importance. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 0-7484-0026-5.
  4. ↑ Bouchet, P. (2013). Pila scutata (Mousson, 1848). In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=739934 on 2017-11-23
  5. ↑ Annandale N. & Prashad B. (1921). Rec. Indian Mus. 22: 9.
  6. ↑ Alevs, Philippe V.; Vieira, Fabiano M.; Santos, Cláudia P.; Scholz, Tomáš; Luque, José L. (2015-02-12). "A Checklist of the Aspidogastrea (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda) of the World". Zootaxa. 3918 (3): 339–96. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3918.3.2. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 25781098.
  7. ↑ Mahawar, M. M.; Jaroli, D. P. (2007). "Traditional knowledge on zootherapeutic uses by the Saharia tribe of Rajasthan, India". Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 3 (1): 25. doi:10.1186/1746-4269-3-25. PMC 1892771. PMID 17547781.
  8. ↑ Heavy Predation on Freshwater Bryozoans by the Golden Apple Snail, Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck, 1822 (Ampullariidae); The Natural History Journal of Chulalongkorn University 6(1): 31-36, May 2006
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