Phosphinous acids are usually organophosphorus compounds with the formula R2POH. They are pyramidal in structure. Phosphorus is in the oxidation state III. Most phosphinous acids rapidly convert to the corresponding phosphine oxide, which are tetrahedral and are assigned oxidation state V.

Synthesis

Only one example is known, bis(trifluoromethyl)phosphinous acid, (CF3)2POH.[1] It is prepared in several steps from phosphorus trichloride (Et = ethyl):[2]

PCl3 + 2 Et2NH → PCl2NEt2 + Et2NH2Cl
2 P(NEt2)3 + PCl2NEt2 + 2 CF3Br → P(CF3)2NEt2 + 2 BrClP(NEt2)3
P(CF3)2NEt2 + H2O → P(CF3)2OH + HNEt2
Structure of Mo(CO)5P(OH)3.[3]

Reactions

With the lone exception of the bis(trifluoromethyl) derivative, the dominant reaction of phosphinous acids is tautomerization:

PR2OH → OPR2H

Even the pentafluorophenyl compound P(C6F5)2OH is unstable with respect to the phosphine oxide.[2]

Although phosphinous acids are rare, their P-bonded coordination complexes are well established, e.g. Mo(CO)5P(OH)3.[3]

Secondary and primary phosphine oxides

Tertiary phosphine oxides, compounds with the formula R3PO cannot tautomerize. The situation is different for the secondary and primary phosphine oxides, with the respective formulas R2(H)PO and R(H)2PO.[4]

References

  1. ↑ Griffiths, James E.; Burg, Anton B. (1960). "The Phosphinous Acid (CF3)2POH and the Diphosphoxane (CF3)2POP(CF3)2". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 82 (6): 1507–1508. doi:10.1021/ja01491a062.
  2. 1 2 Hoge, Berthold; Neufeind, Stefan; Hettel, Sonja; Wiebe, Waldemar; Thösen, Christoph (2005). "Stable Phosphinous Acids". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 690 (10): 2382–2387. doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2004.09.041.
  3. 1 2 Xi, Chanjuan; Liu, Yuzhou; Lai, Chunbo; Zhou, Lishan (2004). "Synthesis of molybdenum complex with novel P(OH)3 Ligand based on the One-Pot Reaction of Mo(CO)6 with HP(O)(OEt)2 and Water". Inorganic Chemistry Communications. 7 (11): 1202–1204. doi:10.1016/j.inoche.2004.09.012.
  4. ↑ Yoshifuji, Masaaki; Shibayama, Katsuhiro; Toyota, Kozo; Inamoto, Naoki (1983). "Preparation and characterization of sterically protected primary phosphine sulfide and oxide". Tetrahedron Letters. 24 (39): 4227–4228. doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(00)88307-0.
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