The Phi11 Holin (φ11 Holin) Family (TC# 1.E.11) constitutes the Holin Superfamily I.[1]
One characterized member of this family, pneumococcal EJ-1 phage holin (EJh; TC# 1.E.11.1.3), is a hydrophobic peptide of 85 amino acyl residues in length (aas) with 2 putative transmembrane segments (TMSs) displaying lethal inner membrane disruptive activity.[2] The synthetic N-terminal TMS flanked by its N-terminal positively charged residues folds into a transmembrane α-helix that increases the membrane permeability. Oligomeric channels of various sizes form depending on the peptide to lipid ratio. By atomic force microscopy, peptide-induced membrane holes can be seen.[3]
A representative list of proteins belonging to the φ11 holin family can be found in the Transporter Classification Database.
See also
Further reading
- Bon, J.; Mani, N.; Jayaswal, R. K. (1997-07-01). "Molecular analysis of lytic genes of bacteriophage 80 alpha of Staphylococcus aureus". Canadian Journal of Microbiology 43 (7): 612–616. ISSN 0008-4166.PMID 9246739.
- Cerca, N.; Oliveira, R.; Azeredo, J. (2007-09-01). "Susceptibility of Staphylococcus epidermidis planktonic cells and biofilms to the lytic action of staphylococcus bacteriophage K". Letters in Applied Microbiology 45 (3): 313–317. doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2007.02190.x. ISSN 0266-8254. PMID 17718845.
- Curtin, John J.; Donlan, Rodney M. (2006-04-01). "Using bacteriophages to reduce formation of catheter-associated biofilms by Staphylococcus epidermidis".Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 50 (4): 1268–1275. doi:10.1128/AAC.50.4.1268-1275.2006. ISSN 0066-4804. PMC 1426991. PMID 16569839.
- Iandolo, John J.; Worrell, Veronica; Groicher, Kajetan H.; Qian, Yudong; Tian, Runying; Kenton, Steve; Dorman, Angela; Ji, Honggui; Lin, Shaoping (2002-05-01)."Comparative analysis of the genomes of the temperate bacteriophages φ11, φ12 and φ13 of Staphylococcus aureus 8325". Gene 289 (1–2): 109–118.doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(02)00481-X.
- Loessner, M. J.; Gaeng, S.; Wendlinger, G.; Maier, S. K.; Scherer, S. (1998-05-15). "The two-component lysis system of Staphylococcus aureus bacteriophage Twort: a large TTG-start holin and an associated amidase endolysin". FEMS Microbiology Letters162 (2): 265–274. ISSN 0378-1097. PMID 9627962.
- Martínez, Virginia; García, Pedro; García, José Luis; Prieto, María Auxiliadora (2011-07-01). "Controlled autolysis facilitates the polyhydroxyalkanoate recovery in Pseudomonas putida KT2440". Microbial Biotechnology 4(4): 533–547. doi:10.1111/j.1751-7915.2011.00257.x.ISSN 1751-7915. PMC 3815265. PMID 21418544.
- Seal, Bruce S.; Fouts, Derrick E.; Simmons, Mustafa; Garrish, Johnna K.; Kuntz, Robin L.; Woolsey, Rebekah; Schegg, Kathleen M.; Kropinski, Andrew M.; Ackermann, Hans-W. (2011-01-01). "Clostridium perfringens bacteriophages ΦCP39O and ΦCP26F: genomic organization and proteomic analysis of the virions". Archives of Virology 156 (1): 25–35.doi:10.1007/s00705-010-0812-z. ISSN 1432-8798.PMC 4127328. PMID 20963614.
- Xia, Guoqing; Wolz, Christiane (2014-01-01)."Phages of Staphylococcus aureus and their impact on host evolution". Infection, Genetics and Evolution 21: 593–601. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2013.04.022.
References
- ↑ Reddy, Bhaskara L.; Saier, Milton H. (2013-11-01). "Topological and phylogenetic analyses of bacterial holin families and superfamilies". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes. 1828 (11): 2654–2671. doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.07.004. ISSN 0006-3002. PMC 3788059. PMID 23856191.
- ↑ Diaz, E.; Munthali, M.; Lunsdorf, H.; Holtje, J. V.; Timmis, K. N. (1996-02-01). "The two-step lysis system of pneumococcal bacteriophage EJ-1 is functional in gram-negative bacteria: triggering of the major pneumococcal autolysin in Escherichia coli". Molecular Microbiology. 19 (4): 667–681. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1996.399929.x. ISSN 0950-382X. PMID 8820638. S2CID 22961185.
- ↑ Haro, Amparo; Vélez, Marisela; Goormaghtigh, Erik; Lago, Santiago; Vázquez, Jesús; Andreu, David; Gasset, María (2003-02-07). "Reconstitution of holin activity with a synthetic peptide containing the 1-32 sequence region of EJh, the EJ-1 phage holin". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (6): 3929–3936. doi:10.1074/jbc.M211334200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 12464609.
As of 10 March 2016, this article is derived in whole or in part from Transporter Classification Database (TCDB). The copyright holder has licensed the content in a manner that permits reuse under CC BY-SA 3.0 and GFDL. All relevant terms must be followed. The original text was at "1.E.11 The φ11 Holin (φ11 Holin) Family"