Phaethoquornithes
Temporal range: Early Paleocene–Holocene Possible an early origin based on molecular clock[2]
Juvenile red-throated loon (Gavia stellata)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Clade: Passerea
Clade: Phaethoquornithes
Sangster et al., 2022[3]
Subgroups
Synonyms

Ardeae

Phaethoquornithes is a clade of birds that contains Eurypygimorphae and Aequornithes,[4] which was first recovered by genome analysis in 2014.[5] Members of Eurypygimorphae were originally classified in the obsolete group Metaves, and Aequornithes were classified as the sister taxon to Musophagiformes or Gruiformes.[6][7]

This group has also been informally called Ardeae.[8] Older classifications have used Ardeae in a different sense, as a suborder of Ciconiiformes containing herons and related species.[9]

Phaethoquornithes
Phaethontimorphae

Phaethontiformes (tropicbirds)

Eurypygiformes (sunbittern and kagu)

(=Eurypygimorphae)
Aequornithes

Gaviiformes (loons)

Procellariimorphae

Procellariiformes (albatrosses and petrels)

Sphenisciformes (penguins)

Pelecanimorphae

Ciconiiformes (storks)

Suliformes (boobies, cormorants, etc.)

Pelecaniformes (pelicans, herons & ibises)

Cladogram based on Kuhl et al. (2020),[2] with clade names following Sangster et al (2022).[4]

References

  1. ↑ Slack, Kerryn E.; Jones, Craig M.; Ando, Tatsuro; Harrison, G.L. "Abby"; Fordyce, R. Ewan; Arnason, Ulfur; Penny, David (2006). "Early Penguin Fossils, plus Mitochondrial Genomes, Calibrate Avian Evolution". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 23 (#6): 1144–1155. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.113.4549. doi:10.1093/molbev/msj124. PMID 16533822. Supplementary Material Archived December 16, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  2. 1 2 Kuhl., H.; Frankl-Vilches, C.; Bakker, A.; Mayr, G.; Nikolaus, G.; Boerno, S. T.; Klages, S.; Timmermann, B.; Gahr, M. (2020). "An unbiased molecular approach using 3'UTRs resolves the avian family-level tree of life". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 38: 108–127. doi:10.1093/molbev/msaa191. PMC 7783168. PMID 32781465.
  3. ↑ Sangster, G.; Braun, E.L.; Johansson, U.S.; Kimball, R.T.; Mayr, G.; Suh, A. (2022). "Phylogenetic definitions for 25 higher-level clade names of birds". Avian Research. 13: 100027. Bibcode:2022AvRes..1300027S. doi:10.1016/j.avrs.2022.100027.
  4. 1 2 Sangster, George; Braun, Edward L.; Johansson, Ulf S.; Kimball, Rebecca T.; Mayr, Gerald; Suh, Alexander (2022). "Phylogenetic definitions for 25 higher-level clade names of birds". Avian Research. 13: 100027. Bibcode:2022AvRes..1300027S. doi:10.1016/j.avrs.2022.100027. S2CID 247988800.
  5. ↑ Jarvis, E.D.; et al. (12 December 2014). "Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds". Science. 346 (6215): 1320–1331. Bibcode:2014Sci...346.1320J. doi:10.1126/science.1253451. PMC 4405904. PMID 25504713.
  6. ↑ Ericson, P. G.P; Anderson, C. L; Britton, T.; Elzanowski, A.; Johansson, U. S; Kallersjo, M.; Ohlson, J. I; Parsons, T. J; Zuccon, D.; Mayr, G. (22 December 2006). "Diversification of Neoaves: integration of molecular sequence data and fossils". Biology Letters. 2 (4): 543–547. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2006.0523. PMC 1834003. PMID 17148284.
  7. ↑ Hackett, S. J.; Kimball, R. T.; Reddy, S.; et al. (27 June 2008). "A Phylogenomic Study of Birds Reveals Their Evolutionary History" (PDF). Science. 320 (5884): 1763–1768. Bibcode:2008Sci...320.1763H. doi:10.1126/science.1157704. PMID 18583609. S2CID 6472805.
  8. ↑ "TiF Checklist: Ardeae: Eurypygimorphae & Aequornithes".
  9. ↑ Wetmore, Alexander (1960). "A classification for the birds of the world". Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. 139 (11): 1–37. hdl:10088/22963.


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