Pepes
Carp fish pepes
Alternative namesPais (Sundanese)
CourseMain course
Place of originIndonesia[1]
Region or stateNationwide
Serving temperatureHot or room temperature
Main ingredientsVarious ingredients (fish, meat, mushroom, tofu or oncom) spiced and cooked in s banana leaf
VariationsBuntil, Botok, Otak-otak

Pepes is an Indonesian cooking method using banana leaves as food wrappings. The banana-leaf package containing food is secured with lidi seumat (a small nail made from the central ribs of coconut leaves), and then steamed or grilled on charcoal.[1] This cooking technique allows the rich spice mixture to be compressed against the main ingredients inside the individual banana-leaf package while being cooked, and also adds a distinct aroma of cooked or burned banana leaf. Although being cooked simultaneously with food, the banana leaf is a non-edible material and is discarded after consuming the food.

Etymology

The cooking technique employing banana leaf as the wrapper is widely distributed throughout Indonesia and it is known in many names in several regional languages: pais in Sundanese, brengkesan in Javanese, brengkes in Palembang, pelasan in Javanese-Osing, palai in Minangkabau, and payeh in Acehnese. The common Indonesian name pepes was derived from Sundanese word papais; the plural form of pais in Sundanese language. Because its popularity was first contributed through the Sundanese cuisine, today pepes is often associated with Sundanese cuisine.[2]

Variations

Brengkes tempoyak iwak lais served in a traditional restaurant in Palembang. Brengkes is Palembang Malay term for pepes.

This technique is most commonly used to prepare fish. In West Java, ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio) is the most popular fish to be cooked as pepes.[3] In Palembang, patin (Pangasius sutchi) and lais (Kryptopterus cryptopterus) are the most common fish to be used, while in West Sumatra, people use bilih fish (Mystacoleucus padangensis).

However, fish is not the only ingredient to be made for pepes. Seafood, meat, chicken, tofu, tempeh, oncom, mushroom or vegetables are also available to be prepared in this method. There are many variations of pepes recipes. Other seafoods such as shrimp and squid, although less common, can be used in pepes. Non-fish meat such as chicken and minced beef mixed with egg can also be used. In Palembang, the dish pepes tempoyak is well known, which is a steamed fermented durian paste in banana leaf container.[4] A rather exotic and unusual meat might also be cooked as pepes, for example as swikee variations, frog legs and frog eggs might be prepared as pepes. The method is used in several Indonesian dishes, and also become the name of a dish prepared in this manner, for example:

  1. Pepes ikan mas (carp pepes)
  2. Pepes daging (minced beef pepes)
  3. Pepes ayam (chicken pepes)
  4. Pepes tahu (tofu pepes)
  5. Pepes oncom (oncom pepes)
  6. Pepes teri (anchovy pepes)
  7. Pepes jamur (mushroom pepes)
  8. Pepes kodok (boneless frog legs pepes)
  9. Pepes telur kodok (frog eggs pepes)
  10. Pepes tempoyak (fermented durian paste pepes)

Pepes products are typically consumed with steamed rice. Otak-otak is similar to pepes, it is a mixture of fish and tapioca flour with spices wrapped in banana leaf. The vegetables with shredded coconut pepes is called Botok. Buntil is prepared in a similar way, but used papaya or cassava leaves instead of banana leaves, making the wrapping edible as part of the dish. A similar Malaysia dish employing banana leaf is called Sata.

Preparation

Pepes is made by mixing descaled and gutted fish or any type of food with a mixture of spices including salt, chilli, shallots, garlic, turmeric, ginger, lemongrass, curry leaf, candlenut, tamarind, tomato, and lemon basil all wrapped in a banana leaf. Sundanese cuisine recognizes two types of pepes: the regular or “plain” variety and yellow pepes, which is cooked with turmeric.[2] The leaf is wrapped tight and secured with a stick at each ends, then steamed or grilled. To make a soft-boned fish pepes, the method using pressure-cooker or prolonged cooking time is employed.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Silvita Agmasari (30 June 2017). "Pepes Kesukaan Obama, Teknik Memasak Kuno Dunia". Kompas.com (in Indonesian).
  2. 1 2 Kurniasari, Triwik (25 September 2011). "All about Sundanese dishes". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 2011-10-29.
  3. ↑ Brissenden, Rosemary (2007). Southeast Asian Food, Classic and modern dishes from Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam. Periplus. p. 131. ISBN 978-0794604882. Retrieved 31 October 2014.
  4. ↑ Tifa Asrianti (25 February 2012). "Farah Quinn: Scene & Heard: The Comfort Food Zone". The Jakarta Post.
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