Penares
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Porifera
Class: Demospongiae
Order: Tetractinellida
Family: Geodiidae
Subfamily: Erylinae
Genus: Penares
Gray, 1867
Type species
Penares helleri
(Schmidt, 1864)
Species

See text.

Synonyms[1]
  • Jasplakina de Laubenfels, 1954
  • Pachamphilla Lendenfeld, 1907
  • Papyrula Schmidt, 1868

Penares is a widely distributed genus of demosponges. [2]

Description

These sponges are irregularly massive and have a thin cortex. Species belonging to this genus have dichotriaenes (spicules with pairs of branched rays) and oxeas (needle-like spicules with both ends pointed). Smooth microrhabds (modified microxeas (small oxeas) or microstrongyles (small rods with both ends blunt or rounded)) form a crust in the ectosome. Euasters (star-shaped microscleres with multiple rays radiating from a central point) may also be present.[3]

Species

The following species are recognised: [1]

  • Penares alatus (Lendenfeld, 1907)
  • Penares angeli Sim-Smith, Hickman & Kelly, 2021
  • Penares anisoxia Boury-Esnault, 1973
  • Penares apicospinatus Desqueyroux-Faúndez & van Soest, 1997
  • Penares astronavis Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2019
  • Penares aureus Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2019
  • Penares candidatus (Schmidt, 1868)
  • Penares chelotropa Boury-Esnault, 1973
  • Penares cortius de Laubenfels, 1930
  • Penares deformis Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2019
  • Penares dendyi (Hentschel, 1912)
  • Penares euastrum (Schmidt, 1868)
  • Penares foliaformis Wilson, 1904
  • Penares hartmeyeri (Uliczka, 1929)
  • Penares helleri (Schmidt, 1864)
  • Penares hilgendorfi (Thiele, 1898)
  • Penares hongdoensis Jeon & Sim, 2009
  • Penares incrustans Tanita, 1963
  • Penares intermedius (Dendy, 1905)
  • Penares kermadecensis Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2019
  • Penares mastoideus (Schmidt, 1880)
  • Penares metastrosus (Lebwohl, 1914)
  • Penares micraster Lévi, 1993
  • Penares mollis Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2019
  • Penares nux (de Laubenfels, 1954)
  • Penares ochraceus (Carter, 1886)
  • Penares okokewae Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2019
  • Penares orbis Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2019
  • Penares orthotriaena Burton, 1931
  • Penares palmatoclada Lévi, 1993
  • Penares saccharis (de Laubenfels, 1930)
  • Penares scabiosus Desqueyroux-Faúndez & van Soest, 1997
  • Penares schulzei (Dendy, 1905)
  • Penares sclerobesus Topsent, 1904
  • Penares sineastra Van Soest, 2017
  • Penares sollasi Thiele, 1900
  • Penares sphaera (Lendenfeld, 1907)
  • Penares turmericolor Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2019
  • Penares tylotaster Dendy, 1924
  • Penares vermiculatus Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2019

References

  1. 1 2 "Penares". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
  2. ↑ "Penares". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
  3. ↑ Hooper, John N. A. (2002), Hooper, John N. A.; Van Soest, Rob W. M.; Willenz, Philippe (eds.), "Family Acarnidae Dendy, 1922", Systema Porifera: A Guide to the Classification of Sponges, Boston, MA: Springer US, pp. 412–431, doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_51, ISBN 978-1-4615-0747-5, retrieved 2021-09-30
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