As a poem

It was first published as a poem in The Irish Press on 3 October 1946 under the title "Dark Haired Miriam Ran Away".^[1] Peter Kavanagh, Patrick's brother, said, "it was written about Patrick's girlfriend Hilda, but to avoid embarrassment, he used the name of my girlfriend in the title."^[1] Her real name was Dr. Hilda Moriarty, then a medical student from County Kerry.^[3][4] Though she regarded Kavanagh as a friend, her feelings were not romantic, and in 1947, she married Donogh O'Malley,^[4][5] who later became Fianna Fáil Minister for Education.

In 1987, Moriarty was interviewed by Irish broadcaster RTÉ for a documentary about Kavanagh called Gentle Tiger.^[6] In the interview, she said one of the main reasons for the failure of their relationship was that a wide age gap existed between them. She was only 22, whereas he was 40.^[7]

Moriarty also described how "On Raglan Road" came to be written. Kavanagh had lived in Pembroke Road in Dublin, but he moved out, as he could not afford the rent. He moved into Mrs. Kenny's boarding house on Raglan Road (a road off Pembroke Road), which cost 10 shillings a week full board. Moriarty was also staying on Raglan Road. Kavanagh saw Moriarty coming and going from Raglan Road to University on a daily basis, and as an excuse to meet with her in the Country Shop on St Stephen's Green or Mitchell's on Dawson Street, he often asked Moriarty to critique his work. Kavanagh described himself as a peasant poet, but Moriarty was not that impressed and teased him, "Can you not, then, write about anything other than stony grey soil and bogs, Paddy?" Kavanagh said, "I will immortalise you in poetry, Hilda." According to Moriarty, he went away and wrote the poem, and Moriarty featured in many of Kavanagh's other poems, including "Hilda," "Hilda 2," "Hilda 3," and several others.

As a song

The poem was put to music when the poet met Luke Kelly of the well-known Irish band The Dubliners in a pub in Dublin called The Bailey.^[8] It was set to the music of the traditional song "The Dawning of the Day" (Fáinne Geal an Lae). An Irish-language song with this name (Fáinne Geal an Lae) was published by Edward Walsh (1805–1850) in 1847 in Irish Popular Songs, and later translated into English as "The Dawning of the Day," published by Patrick Weston Joyce in 1873.^[9] Given the similarity in themes and the use of the phrase "dawning of the day" in both "On Raglan Road" and the traditional tune, Kavanagh quite likely imagined the pairing of verse and tune from the beginning. Indeed, a recording was broadcast of Kavanagh singing "On Raglan Road" to the tune on Irish television, and in 1974, Benedict Kiely recalled in an interview for RTÉ of Kavanagh trying out the paired verse and tune for him soon after its writing. Kelly himself acknowledges that song was given to him that evening at The Bailey.

The Dubliners released the original recording as the B-side to "Scorn Not His Simplicity" in 1971.^[10] One year later the song was included on their live album Hometown! Their most famous recording of the song was included on the 1986 compilation album Luke's Legacy, which was recorded in the same session as the 1983 album Prodigal Sons.

Besides Kelly's version with The Dubliners, the song, often known simply as "Raglan Road", has since been performed by Van Morrison with The Chieftains, Mark Knopfler, Ed Sheeran, The Young Dubliners, Sinéad O'Connor, Billy Bragg, Roger Daltrey, Dick Gaughan, Loreena McKennitt, Billy Joel, Joan Osborne, Órla Fallon, Ian Tamblyn, Tommy Fleming, Mary Black, Bonnie 'Prince' Billy, Martin Simpson, and Nyle Wolfe among others.^[11]

The Luke Kelly version was also featured in the 2008 film In Bruges.^[12]

The song was performed by Andrew Scott in the 2013 Irish film The Stag.