ORP Mazur (c. 1935–1939)
ORP Mazur (c. 1935–1939)
History
German Empire
NameV-105
Builder
Laid down1914
LaunchedAugust 26, 1914
CommissionedMarch 23, 1915
FateAssigned to Brazil, 1919; later sold to Poland
Poland
NameORP Mazur
Acquired1920
DecommissionedSeptember 1, 1939
FateSunk 1 September 1939
General characteristics
Class and typeV-105 class torpedo boat
Displacement
  • 340 t, standard
  • 421 t, full
Length62.60 m (205 ft 5 in)
Beam6.20 m (20 ft 4 in)
Draft2.50 m (8 ft 2 in)
Propulsion
Speed27 knots (50 km/h; 31 mph)
Range
  • 1,400 nmi (2,600 km; 1,600 mi) @ 17 knots (31 km/h; 20 mph)
  • 640 nautical miles (1,190 km; 740 mi) @ 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph)
Complement80
Armament

ORP Mazur was a torpedo boat, then gunnery training ship of the Polish Navy. She was the former German torpedo boat V-105.[1] She took part in the Polish Defensive War and was sunk by German bombers on September 1, 1939, as the first combat ship lost in the war.

History

She was built in 1914 by Stettiner Maschinenbau A.G. Vulcan in Stettin, Germany (now in Poland). She was begun for a Dutch Navy order, as Z-1 (along with three sister ships Z-2 – Z-4), but after the outbreak of World War I she was confiscated by Germany and commissioned as torpedo boat V-105. During a division of the German ships after the war in December 1919, Poland was assigned only six torpedo boats, due to a reluctance of the British to strengthen newborn navies.[2] V-105 was first assigned to Brazil, but then bought by a British dockyard and finally in 1921 exchanged with Poland for another torpedo boat (A-69), needed for spares, for extra charge £900 from the Poles.[2] Poland also received her sister ship, V-108 as well (later the Polish ORP Kaszub), and four smaller torpedo boats. V-105 was in a bad condition and after some repairs in Rosyth, in September 1921 she was towed from Great Britain to Free City of Danzig, now Gdańsk.

Polish service

After a refit, she was commissioned in the Polish Navy on August 2, 1922, under the name ORP Mazur (named after the Mazurian people). She served in a torpedo boat unit (Dywizjon Torpedowców) and wore identification letters MR. In 1931 she was rebuilt as a gunnery training ship, and her armament changed to four 75 mm guns instead of torpedo tubes.[3] The silhouette changed because of a lengthening of a bow deck and removing a well before a bridge.[3] From 1935 she underwent a modernization, during which the ship lost a second funnel and after mast, returning to service in 1937. The fourth gun was replaced by 40 mm Vickers 2-pounder gun.[3]

Demise

On the first day of World War II, September 1, 1939, ORP Mazur, commanded by Lieutenant Tadeusz Rutkowski, was in a port of Oksywie. At 2 pm she was at a pier, preparing to leave port, when she was attacked by German Junkers Ju 87s from IV./LG.1.[4] The ship suffered one close hit and a hit amidships, and sunk still firing at the German aircraft. A crew member, although the ship was sinking, kept firing until waves washed him overboard, which was First Lieutenant Jacek Dehnel, the grandfather of the Polish poet and writer Jacek Dehnel.[5][6] About 40 of the crew were killed. She was one of the first two ships sunk during the war, the other was an auxiliary ship (divers' tender) ORP Nurek. The wreck was scrapped by the Germans.

References

  1. ↑ Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921 Google Books page
  2. 1 2 Michał Kochan (in Polish): Przyznanie i remont torpedowców w Wielkiej Brytanii oraz ich rejs do Polski [Assignment and refit of torpedo boats in Great Britain and their trip to Poland], in: Okręty Wojenne Nr. 4/2001, p. 33-34
  3. 1 2 3 Piwowoński (1989), pp. 261–262.
  4. ↑ Jürgen Rohwer, Chronik des Seekrieges 1939–1945
  5. ↑ Pertek, Jerzy: Mała flota wielka duchem, Poznań 1989, page 13–17.
  6. ↑ Przeglad Morski naval magazine December 2008 Nr 12 magazine as pdf document

Bibliography

  • Dodson, Aidan (2019). "Beyond the Kaiser: The IGN's Destroyers and Torpedo Boats After 1918". In Jordan, John (ed.). Warship 2019. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. pp. 129–144. ISBN 978-1-4728-3595-6.
  • Piwowoński, Jan (1989). Flota spod biało-czerwonej [The Fleet of the white-red ensign] (in Polish). Warsaw: Nasza Księgarnia. ISBN 83-10-08902-3.

See also

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