Nirav Modi
Born (1971-02-27) 27 February 1971[1]
Palanpur, Gujarat, India
NationalityBelgian (Indian formerly)
Alma materWharton School of the University of Pennsylvania
Years active1989–2018
Organization(s)Firestar Diamond International, Gitanjali Group, A. Jaffe Inc.
Known forDiamond business bank fraud, wanted by Interpol[2]
Criminal statusArrested (in London, 20 March 2019)
SpouseAmi Modi
Children3
RelativesMehul Choksi (uncle)
Criminal chargeCriminal conspiracy, criminal breach of trust, cheating and dishonesty including delivery of property, corruption, money laundering, fraud, embezzlement and misrepresentation
Wanted by
Interpol, The Judicial Authorities of India, Los Angeles Police Department, New York Police Department, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Royal Canadian Mounted Police
Wanted sinceAugust 2018
Details
VictimsUnion Bank of India, Punjab National Bank, Paul Alfonso
Location(s)Dubai
Hong Kong
London
Singapore
Imprisoned atHM Prison Wandsworth, UK

Nirav Deepak Modi (born 27 February 1971) is a Belgian businessman and fugitive who was charged by Interpol and the Government of India for criminal conspiracy, criminal breach of trust, cheating and dishonesty including delivery of property, corruption, money laundering, fraud, embezzlement and breach of contract in August 2018.[3] Modi is being investigated as a part of the $2 billion fraud case[4][5] of Punjab National Bank (PNB). In March 2018, Modi applied for bankruptcy protection in Manhattan, New York.[6] In June 2018, Modi was reported to be in the UK where he reportedly applied for political asylum.[7][8] In June 2019, Swiss authorities froze a total of US$6 million present in Nirav Modi's Swiss bank accounts along with the assets.[9][10]

Biography

Early life

Nirav Modi was born in Palanpur, Gujarat, and grew up in Antwerp, Belgium. His family has been in the diamond business for several generations.[11][12] When he was 19, he and his father Deepak Modi moved to Mumbai to work in his uncle's business, Mehul Choksi, the head of Gitanjali Group, a retail jewellery company with 4,000 stores in India.[13][14]

Modi attended the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania but eventually dropped out.[15][16] While studying, he met his future wife, Ami, the daughter of a diamond businessman Amukuraj Choksey.[17]

Career

After moving to India in 1989, and training in all aspects of the diamond trading business, Modi founded Firestar in 1999 (formerly known as Firestone), a diamond sourcing and trading company.[18] Firestar is the exclusive distributor of Rio Tinto’s Argyle pink diamonds in India.[19]

In 2002, his company started manufacturing jewellery on a contract basis. He acquired Frederick Goldman in 2005, and Sandberg & Sikorski and A.Jaffe in 2007 in the USA.[20]

In 2008, a close friend asked Modi to make a pair of earrings, after which he created the brand.[21] In 2010 he launched a diamond store bearing his name in New Delhi's Defence Colony, followed by one in Mumbai's Kala Ghoda. 17 other store openings followed across the world.[22] Modi launched globally with boutiques in New York City and Hong Kong in 2015, followed by two other boutiques opened in Hong Kong in 2016.[23] and one in MGM Macau in 2016.[24]

He became well known after he designed his "Golconda Lotus Necklace" with an old, 12-carat, pear-shaped diamond as a centerpiece in 2010. The diamond was earlier sold in the 1960s; it was repolished.[25] It featured a lattice of white and pink diamonds. It was included on the cover of Christie’s catalogue in Hong Kong, and was auctioned for US$3.6 million in 2010.[26][27] In 2012, the Riviere of Perfection, featuring 36 flawless white diamonds weighing a total of 88.88 carats, was sold at Sotheby’s Hong Kong auction.[28][29]

It is believed that he was overextended for several years and used new MOUs to pay for the past ones for about seven years. One of his employees has stated that, "He wanted to grow his business, and to do in five years what might otherwise have taken 20 years." He claimed that "If he’d gone public, maybe he could have pledged his equity, raised some money, and finally paid the bank back. Perhaps he would have done that."[30]

Dealings with Union Bank of India

The Union Bank of India sued Modi in a Hong Kong court. Union Bank claimed in a writ filed at the High Court on 26 September 2018 that Modi guaranteed two loans made to Firestone Trading Private on 21 October 2011 and Firestar Diamond on 15 November 2011. The bank demanded that he pay more than $5.49 million plus interest after both firms allegedly defaulted on repayments.[31]

2018 Investigation and Lawsuits (PNB fraud case)

In February 2018, the Indian government's Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) launched an investigation of Modi, acting on a complaint from the Punjab National Bank alleging Modi and his partners defrauded the bank of ₹28000 Crore (approximately US$4 billion) by conspiring with bank officials to fraudulently obtain Letters of Undertaking for making payments to overseas suppliers.[32] While ₹28000 Crore is the fraud that has been alleged to date, the potential loss to Punjab National Bank is reported to be up to ₹11000 Crore. The Enforcement Directorate (ED) is looking into the case of fraud that the CBI has registered against him.[33]

A few of Modi's stores initially remained open for business as usual, including the one at Marina Bay Sands in Singapore,[34] however these have gradually all closed.[35] On 7 March 2018, Modi's firm Firestar Diamond Inc. applied for bankruptcy protection at a Manhattan bankruptcy court, in order to protect its assets in the United States and their revolving credit facility with Israel Discount Bank.[36]

Modi responded to the bank on 15/16 February 2018, stating that "In the anxiety to recover your dues immediately, despite my offer (on 13 February, a day before the public announcement, and on 15) your actions have destroyed my brand and the business and have now restricted your ability to recover all the dues leaving a trail of unpaid debts".[37] Modi estimated his domestic business at around Rs 6,500 Crore, and said "this could have helped reduce/discharge the debt to the banking system," but claimed that this is now impossible as all his bank accounts have been frozen and assets have been seized.[38] Modi bought a Rs 900 crore sea-facing property in Mumbai's coveted Samudra Mahal properties with his wife Ami Modi.[39] His properties in India, including jewellery, paintings, and real estate, worth about Rs 523 crore (about $75 million) have been attached by the Enforcement Directorate.

The Enforcement Directorate (ED) attached four wind power plants, owned by Modi, in Rajasthan with a total capacity of 9.6 megawatt (MW). The plants earn up to Rs 5 crore a year due to share purchase agreement with Rajasthan's state electricity board. These wind power plants have been operational since 2014–15. In March 2018, the ED had attached a 5.24 MW solar power plant spread over 135 acres in Karjat in Ahmednagar district worth Rs 60 crore. In May 2018, the CBI and the ED had registered two FIRs each to probe the case. Both Modi and Mehul Choksi are said to have left the country before criminal cases were lodged against them.[40]

With the collapse of his brand, Modi's fortune has collapsed.[41] Forbes removed him from their annual billionaires list, and on 9 March 2018, estimated his current wealth to be less than $100 million.[42] As a result of the fiasco, the RBI has stopped issuing LoUs and LoCs for imports,[43] which has limited the financial flexibility of importers. His company, A.JAFFE, acquired through his Synergies Corporation, was auctioned in May 2018 and was purchased by Parag Diamond.[44] All the stores have been since closed.[45]

In April 2018, it was alleged Modi had found safe haven in Hong Kong,[46] but in June of that year he was reported to be in the UK where he applied for asylum, claiming he was a victim of "political persecution" and denying any wrongdoing.[47][48][49] In March 2019, Modi was reported have been sighted in the UK by The Telegraph. It was said that he was living in an apartment costing £8 million. Indian authorities responded to the report by saying that an extradition request had been made to the UK.[50] On 20 March 2019, he was arrested in London after a warrant was issued against him.[51][52] Later that month, Indian tax authorities raised $8m by auctioning some of his art collection.[53] Modi applied for bail in the UK High Court on May 31, a day after his remand was extended. All his requests for bail have been rejected as of October 2020.[54]

On 8 June 2020, the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA) Court has ordered a confiscation of nearly Rs 1,400 crores worth of his property.

On 25 February 2021, a UK court allowed the Indian government's request to have Modi extradited to India as a key accused in the PNB fraud case.[55] The UK Home Secretary signed the extradition order on April 15, the next step in clearing the path for his deportation to India.[56] Modi then had 14 days to appeal the decision to the UK High Court, which he did on 1 May, claiming that he would not get a fair trial in India.[57] The extradition appeal could take months; while Modi remains imprisoned at Wandsworth Prison in south-west London.[57] On 23 June 2021, a UK high court rejected Modi's application to appeal against his extradition to India.[58]

The October 2021 Pandora Papers showed that his sister, Purvi Modi, set up an offshore firm just one month before he fled India.[59]

During December 2022, the Royal Courts of Justice in London refused permission for Nirav Modi to appeal to the UK Supreme Court about the order from the UK Home Secretary in April 2021 ordering his extradition to India, and ordered him to pay legal fees of £150,247.[60]

Sale of assets

In March 2019, 68 works from Modi's art collection, were sold on behalf of India's income tax department. The artwork was sold for £5.3m including a Vasudeo S. Gaitonde painting that sold for £2.6m.[61] The iconic music store Rhythm House, at Kala Ghoda, Mumbai, is planned to be auctioned after its value is determined.[62] It was bought by Nirav Modi in 2017.[63]

Achievements and recognition

  • 2010: 1st Indian jeweller to be featured on the covers of Christie's and Sotheby’s Catalogues.[64][65]
  • 2013: Featured on the Forbes list of Indian billionaires.[66]
  • Patents: Jasmine cut diamond, United States Design Patent USD763118S1,[67] JEWELRY DESIGN, United States Design Patent US D738,777 S.[68]

Personal life

Nirav Modi is married to Ami Modi, they have three children - two daughters and one son.[69][70] They met when both were students at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, although Modi himself dropped out after a year to return to the diamond business.[71][70]

Ami is a US citizen by birth.[72] They have attempted to raise children conservatively, and they only use Gujarati in their home.[70] She ran the "Nirav Modi Scholarship for Excellence", which supported 250 students every year.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "MODI, NIRAV". Interpol.int. Archived from the original on 10 July 2018. Retrieved 2 July 2018.
  2. ↑ "Nirav Modi Interpol profile". Archived from the original on 10 July 2018. Retrieved 2 July 2018.
  3. ↑ "- INTERPOL". interpol.int. Archived from the original on 10 July 2018. Retrieved 30 August 2018.
  4. ↑ "PNB fraud put at close to $2.1 billion". India Today. 27 February 2018. Retrieved 4 March 2018.
  5. ↑ "Eyes wide shut: the $1.8 billion Indian bank fraud that went unnoticed". Reuters.
  6. ↑ "India fraud probe drove Nirav modi's jeweler to U.S.Bankruptcy filing". bloomberg.com. Bloomberg News. 7 March 2018. Retrieved 9 March 2018.
  7. ↑ "Indian jeweller 'seeking asylum' in London". BBC News. 11 June 2018. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
  8. ↑ Zubrzycki, John (26 April 2019). "Behind bars: India's 'Diamond King' Nirav Modi's fall from grace". The Sydney Morning Herald.
  9. ↑ "Swiss authorities seize Nirav Modi, sister Purvi's four bank accounts with assets worth Rs 283 crore". businesstoday.in. 27 June 2019. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
  10. ↑ PTI (27 June 2019). "Swiss authorities freeze 4 bank accounts of Nirav Modi, sister Purvi Modi". @businessline. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
  11. ↑ "Who is Nirav 'NiMo' Modi?". nationalheraldindia.com. Retrieved 4 March 2018.
  12. ↑ "નીરવ મોદીના છળ સામે હીરાનું તેજ ઝંખવાયું". Sambhaav News (in Gujarati). 22 February 2018. Archived from the original on 28 February 2018. Retrieved 4 March 2018.
  13. ↑ Ganguly, Anwesha (15 February 2018). "The billionaire who allegedly swindled $1.8 billion from an Indian bank". qz.com. Retrieved 4 March 2018.
  14. ↑ "Who is billionaire jeweller in fraud probe?". BBC News. 16 February 2018. Retrieved 4 March 2018.
  15. ↑ "Billionaire Jeweler Nirav Modi Investigated for Bank Fraud". The Diamond Loupe. 12 February 2018. Retrieved 31 August 2018.
  16. ↑ Nilima Pathak (18 February 2018). "Nirav Modi: When diamonds are not forever". Gulf News. Retrieved 8 May 2018.
  17. ↑ Sen, Upala (18 February 2018). "Jewel Thief". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 18 February 2018. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
  18. ↑ Lall, Pavan (10 January 2015). "Can Nirav Modi win New York?" (PDF). Fortune India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 September 2016. Retrieved 7 September 2016.
  19. ↑ "Tacy LTD - ARGYLE PINK DIAMONDS PARTNERS WITH INDIAN JEWELRY MANUFACTURER". diamondintelligence.com. Archived from the original on 26 February 2018. Retrieved 4 March 2018.
  20. ↑ Gauri Bhatia, Special to CNBC (10 June 2016). "Nirav Modi became a jewelry-design billionaire, without ever learning to draw". cnbc.com. Retrieved 4 March 2018.
  21. ↑ Kaul, Anuradha (1 April 2015). "The Bling Maestro" (PDF). Millionaire Asia. Retrieved 8 September 2016.
  22. ↑ "Indian diamond mogul Nirav Modi loses sparkle". Nikkei Asian Review. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
  23. ↑ Saini, Mayu (22 September 2015). "Indian Jeweler Nirav Modi Opens New York, Hong Kong Stores". WWD. Fairchild Publishing, LLC. Retrieved 8 September 2016.
  24. ↑ Daswani, Kavita (19 September 2016). "Nirav Modi: the diamond master opens his first boutique in Macau". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
  25. ↑ "An interview with Nirav Modi: diamond collector and creator of exceptional Indian jewels". thejewelleryeditor.com. 4 June 2013. Archived from the original on 26 February 2018. Retrieved 4 March 2018.
  26. ↑ Liu, Ming (30 September 2014). "Asian jewellery designers harbour global ambitions". Financial Times. Retrieved 8 September 2016.
  27. ↑ "Jewels: The Hong Kong Sale". 29 November 2010. Archived from the original on 18 September 2016.
  28. ↑ Rathore, Vijaya (24 January 2014). "Nirav Modi's Rs 50 cr diamond necklace to be the star of Sotheby's auction". Economic Times. Retrieved 6 September 2016.
  29. ↑ "Superb Diamond Necklace". Sothebys. 20 June 2012. Retrieved 6 September 2016.
  30. ↑ "Did This Jeweler to the Stars Commit the Biggest Bank Fraud in India's History?". Bloomberg.com. 28 June 2018. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
  31. ↑ "Union Bank sues Nirav Modi in Hong Kong court: Report". IANS India Private Limited. 27 September 2018. Retrieved 28 September 2018.
  32. ↑ Reuters Editorial. "Indian billionaire jeweller investigated over bank fraud". U.K. Retrieved 6 February 2018. {{cite news}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  33. ↑ "Enforcement Directorate files money laundering case against billionaire jeweller Nirav Modi". Scroll.in. 15 February 2018. Archived from the original on 1 May 2018. Retrieved 15 February 2018.
  34. ↑ "Business as usual at Nirav Modi's Singapore store". connectedtoindia.com. Retrieved 4 March 2018.
  35. ↑ "Nirav Modi at The Shoppes". marinabaysands.com. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
  36. ↑ "Firestar diamond inc. Case number 18-10509". firstpost.com. U.S.Bankruptcy court, Southern district of New York (Manhattan). 2 March 2018. Retrieved 9 March 2018.
  37. ↑ "Nirav Modi's letter to PNB: Your actions destroyed my brand, closed all options to recover dues". 20 February 2018. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
  38. ↑ "'I urge you to be fair': Read Nirav Modi's full letter to Punjab National Bank". India Today. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
  39. ↑ Menon, Rashmi (15 March 2018). "Nirav Modi bought a Rs 900 crore sea-facing property in Mumbai's coveted Samudra Mahal". The Economic Times. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
  40. ↑ "PNB fraud case: ED attaches 4 wind power plants owned by Nirav Modi in Rajasthan". yahoo.com/. 30 May 2018. Retrieved 30 May 2018.
  41. ↑ Cam, Deniz. "Indian Jeweler Nirav Modi's Fortune Up In Smoke Amid Bank Fraud Allegations". Forbes. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
  42. ↑ Çam, Deniz (9 March 2018). "Indian Jeweler Nirav Modi's Fortune Up In Smoke Amid Bank Fraud Allegations". Forbes India. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
  43. ↑ "LoU ban to impact financial flexibility of importers: Ind-Ra". Retrieved 5 July 2018.
  44. ↑ "Parag Diamond is the winning bidder of Nirav Modi's company A Jaffe". Retrieved 5 July 2018.
  45. ↑ "Nirav Modi's businesses in Hong Kong may shut down". India Today. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
  46. ↑ "India wants fugitive billionaire Nirav Modi arrested in Hong Kong". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
  47. ↑ Reuters Editorial. "Indian billionaire jeweler Nirav Modi flees to UK, claiming..." U.S. Retrieved 11 June 2018. {{cite news}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  48. ↑ "Billionaire jeweller Nirav Modi flees to UK, claiming political asylum: Report - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
  49. ↑ "Indian celebrity jeweller flees to UK claiming political asylum". Financial Times. 10 June 2018. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
  50. ↑ Mendick, Robert; Sawer, Patrick; Brown, Mick; Ray, Saptarshi (9 March 2019). "Home Secretary agrees to extradition of Indian diamond tycoon found living in London". The Telegraph. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  51. ↑ "Nirav Modi arrested in London, to appear in UK court shortly". Moneycontrol.
  52. ↑ "Billionaire celebrity jeweller held in UK". BBC News. 20 March 2019.
  53. ↑ "Arrested billionaire's art fetches $8m". BBC News. 26 March 2019.
  54. ↑ "Govt re-auctions 7 luxury cars of Nirav Modi, sale of 5 fetch Rs 2.9 crore". 5 June 2019.
  55. ↑ Shirbon, Estelle (25 February 2021). "UK court allows extradition of diamond billionaire Nirav Modi to India". Reuters. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
  56. ↑ Canton, Naomi (17 April 2021). "UK home secretary Priti Patel orders extradition of Nirav Modi to India - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
  57. 1 2 Pandey, Munish Chandra (1 May 2021). "Nirav Modi appeals against extradition to India before UK High Court". India Today. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
  58. ↑ "UK court refuses Nirav Modi's application to appeal against extradition to India". The Times of India. 23 June 2021. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
  59. ↑ Indian, Express (6 October 2021). "Pandora Papers: Before Nirav Modi fled, sister founded offshore firm to act as trust protector". Indian Express. Retrieved 6 October 2021.
  60. ↑ "Fugitive Nirav Modi loses bid to appeal against extradition". The Times of India. 15 December 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
  61. ↑ "Jailed diamond dealer and art collector Nirav Modi fights extradition to India on mental health grounds". The Art Newspaper - International art news and events. 10 August 2021.
  62. ↑ "ED starts detaching assets of companies owned by Nirav Modi; to auction Mumbai's Rhythm House". Deccan Herald. 22 December 2021.
  63. ↑ Krishna, Ujjvala (13 September 2020). "Things you did not know about Rhythm House, Mumbai".
  64. ↑ Sharma, Purinma (23 February 2013). "On the rocks". The Times Of India. Archived from the original on 8 May 2013. Retrieved 7 September 2016.
  65. ↑ Newman, Jill (1 September 2015). "Kid rock". Robb Report. Retrieved 6 September 2016.
  66. ↑ "Nirav Modi - Forbes India Magazine". Forbes India. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
  67. ↑ "JASMINE CUT DIAMOND, United States Design Patent USD763118S1" (PDF).
  68. ↑ "JEWELRY DESIGN USD738777" (PDF).
  69. ↑ "Interpol profile: Nirav Modi". Archived from the original on 10 July 2018. Retrieved 2 July 2018.
  70. 1 2 3 Farrell, Paul (16 February 2018). "Ami Modi, Nirav's Wife: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know". heavy.com. Retrieved 4 March 2018.
  71. ↑ "10 Facts About Nirav Modi, The Man At The Centre Of PNB Fraud". ndtv.com. Retrieved 4 March 2018.
  72. ↑ "જુઓ આવો છે કૌભાંડી નિરવ મોદીની પત્ની અમી મોદીનો વૈભવી ઠાઠ". 17 February 2018. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
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