Muhammad Uthman Siraj al-Din on horseback

Muhammad Uthman Siraj al-Din Naqshbandi[lower-alpha 1] (1896, Biyara, Ottoman Empire – 1997, Istanbul, Turkey), nicknamed Siraj al-Din al-Thani,[lower-alpha 2] meaning the second Siraj al-Din, in honor of his great-grandfather Uthman Siraj al-Din Naqshbandi, was an Islamic scholar, mystic of the Naqshbandi order, and leader of the Sipay Rizgari militant group.[1][2][3][4]

Biography

Family tree of the Sheikhs of Tavil, showing Muhammad Uthman Siraj al-Din in the bottom left corner

Early life

Muhammad Ala al-Din Naqshbandi, the father of Muhammad Uthman Siraj al-Din Naqshbandi

Muhammad Uthman Siraj al-Din, grandson of Umar Diya al-Din and son of Muhammad Ala al-Din, was descended from Muhammad ibn Abdullah through Husayn ibn Ali, making him a sayyid.[2] As he was named Uthman in honor of his great-grandfather Uthman Siraj al-Din Naqshbandi, he was given the nickname "al-Thani", which means the second in Arabic.[2][4] Muhammad Uthman Siraj al-Din was of Iraqi Kurdish origin and born in 1896 in the village of Biyara, to the Sheikhs of Tavil household.[2][5] After studying religious sciences under the supervision and training of his father at a young age, he completed his education in the Arabic and Persian languages at the Duru and Biyara madrasas. Following the death of his father, he settled in the Biyara takiyya.[6] He fled to Iran in 1959 after getting into conflict with the Iraqi government of Abd al-Karim Qasim.[3][7] The Iranian government gave him asylum due to their strained relations with the Iraqi authorities, with SAVAK documents showing that the Iranian Pahlavi government viewed him as an ally and paid his pension.[8]

Time in Iran

Muhammad Uthman Siraj al-Din brought back to life the Duru takiyya founded by his father in Iranian Kurdistan. As a result of his travels to different parts of Iran, he established a strong bond between the members of the Khalidi Naqshbandis in the Sunni Kurdish regions and the Talish region of Iran. He had a school built for 450 students providing education in the field of Islamic sciences. At the same time, more than 100 schools were built in the region under his leadership. There was an increase in the number and activities of Naqshbandi members during the twenty-year period he was in Iran.[9] His sons also took up positions within the Iranian government during this time.[10]

Strawberry farming was introduced to Iranian Kurdistan by Muhammad Uthman Siraj al-Din Naqshbandi in the 1960s.[11]

Leader of Sipay Rizgari

After the Iranian revolution and overthrow of the Pahlavi government, he organised a militant group called Sipay Rizgari with 1000–2000 of his followers and participated in the Kurdistan conflict against the new Iranian government, planning to incite a sectarian war between Shias and Sunnis, and having formed an alliance with the Iraqi government, the Kurdish Democratic Party, and Komala.[3][12][13]

Muhammad Uthman Siraj al-Din in 1985

As a result of the victory of Iranian forces in Operation Walfajr-10, as well as previous conflict with their former allies of Komala, the Sipay Rizgari group suffered heavy casualties and was disbanded.[13] Muhammad Uthman Siraj al-Din left for Baghdad. He then continued his activities in France and later in Turkey.[14]

Time in Turkey

Muhammad Uthman Siraj al-Din settled in Turkey in 1990 and held religious conversations with his domestic and foreign visitors in his guesthouse in the Hadımköy neighborhood of Istanbul.[15] He sought remedies for the material and spiritual ailments of the people who came to him. He asked people to work hard to earn a halal livelihood and advised young people to learn useful knowledge and sciences. People came to him for important life decisions and he would guide them with divine inspiration. He was also an expert in herbal medicine and left a written record of it.

Death

Muhammad Uthman Siraj al-Din passed away on January 30, 1997.[4] He was buried in the garden of his takiyya in the Hadımköy neighborhood of Istanbul.

Works

  • Sirâcu'l Kulûb (Translation: Selahattin Alpay) ISBN 9789751625472
  • Tafsīr Sūra Wa-t-Tīn
  • Risāla al-Shihāb al-Thāqib
  • Al-'Itiqād al-Rasīn wal-Yaqīn Billah

See also

Notes

  1. ↑
    • Arabic: محمد عثمان سراج الدين النقشبندي, romanized: Muḩammad ‘Uthmān Sirāj ad Dīn an Naqshbandī
    • Ottoman Turkish: محمد عثمان سراج الدین نقشبندی, romanized: Muḥammed ‘Os̱mân Sirâceddîn Naḳşibendî
    • Sorani Kurdish: محەمەد عوسمان سیراجەدین نەقشبەندی, romanized: Miḧemed ‘Usman Sîracedîn Neqşbendî
    • Persian: محمدعثمان سراج‌الدین نقشبندی, ALA-LC: Muḥammad ’Us̱mān Sirāj al-Dīn Naqshbandī, BGN/PCGN: Moḩammad ‘Os̄mān Serāj od Dīn Naqshbandī
    • Turkish: Muhammed Osman Siraceddin Nakşibendi
  2. ↑
    • Arabic: سراج الدين الثاني, romanized: Sirāj ad Dīn ath Thānī
    • Ottoman Turkish: سراج الدین ثانی, romanized: Sirâceddîn-i S̱ânî
    • Sorani Kurdish: سیراجەدینی دووەم, romanized: Sîracedînî Duwem
    • Persian: سراج‌الدین ثانی, romanized: Sirāj al-Dīn-i S̱āni, or سراج‌الدین دوم, Sirāj al-Dīn-i Duvvum
    • Turkish: Siraceddin-i Sani

Bibliography

  • Osman Sirâceddîn-i Tavilî (en-nakşibendî, el-evvel) ve Ailesi (Osman Muhammed, 2017) ISBN 9786059261760

References

  1. ↑ "Hz. Şeyh Muhammed Osman Siraceddin (KS)". www.siraceddin.com. Retrieved 6 October 2022.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Osman Sirâceddîn-i Tavilî (en-nakshibendî, el-evvel) ve Ailesi, s. 40
  3. 1 2 3 "گروهک «رزگاری»؛ ترور به نام رهایی" [The "Rizgari" group; terror in the name of salvation]. Young Journalists Club (in Persian). 1 July 2022. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
  4. 1 2 3 Shakely, Ferhad (1997). "The Sirāj al-Dīnī Sheikhs". In Özdalga, Elisabeth (ed.). Naqshbandis in Western and Central Asia. Change and Continuity (PDF). Istanbul: Swedish Research Institute in Istanbul. pp. 94–95 – via Turkiye Diyanet Foundation Centre for Islamic Studies. When sheikh 'Alā al-Dīn died in 1954, he was succeeded by his son sheikh Muḥammad 'Uthmān Sirāj al-Dīn II (1314/1896-1417/1997), who was already a well-known and established sufi leader. Sheikh 'Uthmān II was deeply learned in Islamic theology as well as in Kurdish and Persian poetry. He was, moreover, a skillful physician with wide knowledge of herbal medicine. (...) He spent the last seven or eight years of his life in Istanbul, where he died on 30 January, 1997. He was buried inside his residence, close to the khānaqāh in Istanbul. (...) Sheikh 'Uthmān was named after his great-grandfather, 'Uthmān Sirāj al-Dīn I.
  5. ↑ "HÂLİDİYYE - TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi". TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi (in Turkish). Retrieved 18 May 2022.
  6. ↑ Muhammed, Serbürdeki Havraman, s. 583
  7. ↑ "Vefât Yıldönümünde Seyyid Muhammed Osman Siraceddin Hazretleri (D. 1896-V. 30 Ocak 1997) - Yeni Akit". www.yeniakit.com.tr (in Turkish). Retrieved 6 October 2022.
  8. ↑ "شیخ محمدعثمان سراج‌الدین نقشبندی در اسناد ساواک" [Sheikh Muhammad Uthman Siraj al-Din Naqshbandi in SAVAK Documents]. Nassimogram. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
  9. ↑ Algar, Nakşibendîlik, s. 331-338
  10. ↑ "گروهک «رزگاری»؛ ترور به نام رهایی" [The "Rizgari" group; terror in the name of liberation]. Young Journalists Club (in Persian). 1 July 2022. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
  11. ↑ Karami, Farhad; M., Sarseifi; Moradi, KH.; Choupani, S.; Avestan, S. Recent Progress in Strawberry Breeding in Iran (PDF). International Conference of Recent Advances in Strawberry. pp. 417–421 – via University of Kurdistan (Iran). In the 1960s, a noble person named "Sheikh Osman Naqshbandi" imported some strawberry plants from Europe and planted them in his famous garden located in Sarvabad, Kurdistan province (Karami & Gholami, 2012). This unknown cultivar was developed gradually in Marivan, Sanandaj, and Kamyaran regions and became known as the "Kurdistan" cultivar.
  12. ↑ "‌گروهک تروریستی رزگاری (رستگاری)" [The Rizgari (Salvation) Terrorist Group]. Habilian Association. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
  13. 1 2 "پایانی تلخ بر فصل سرد گروهک تروریستی رزگاری" [A bitter end to the cold period of the Rizgari terrorist group]. Šabake-ye Ettelāresāni-ye Rāh-e Dānā (in Persian). 14 October 2017. Retrieved 8 April 2023.
  14. ↑ TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi (volume 15, HÂLİDİYYE p. 295)
  15. ↑ "Şeyh Osman Siraceddin Sani Tavili (k.s.) | Evliyalar.net - Evliya, Sahabe, Peygamber Kabirleri" (in Turkish). Retrieved 6 October 2022.
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