Mouse-eared bats
Temporal range: Tortonian – Recent[1]
A whiskered bat (Myotis mystacinus), who is quite displeased at being handled.
Whiskered bat (Myotis mystacinus)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Vespertilionidae
Subfamily: Myotinae
Genus: Myotis
Kaup, 1829
Type species
Vespertilio myotis
Species

See text

The mouse-eared bats or myotises are a diverse and widespread genus (Myotis) of bats within the family Vespertilionidae. The noun "myotis" itself is a Neo-Latin construction, from the Greek "muós (meaning "mouse") and "oûs" (meaning ear), literally translating to "mouse-eared".[2]

Relationships

Myotis has historically been included in the subfamily Vespertilioninae, but was classified in its own subfamily, Myotinae, by Nancy Simmons in 1998. In her 2005 classification in Mammal Species of the World, Simmons listed the genera Cistugo and Lasionycteris in the Myotinae in addition to Myotis itself.[3] However, molecular data indicate that Cistugo is distantly related to all other Vespertilionidae, so it was reclassified into its own family, the Cistugidae,[4] and that Lasionycteris belongs in the Vespertilioninae.[5] The genus Submyotodon has since been added to the subfamily, making it and Myotis its only members.[6]

Appearance and behavior

Their ears are normally longer than they are wide, with a long and lance-shaped tragus, hence their English and zoological names. The species within this genus vary in size from very large to very small for vesper bats, with a single pair of mammary glands.

Mouse-eared bats are generally insectivores. M. vivesi, and several members of the trawling bat ecomorph Leuconoe, have relatively large feet with long toes, and take small fish from the water surface (they also take insects).[7]

Longevity

Myotis species are remarkably long-lived for their size; in 2018, researchers revealed that a longitudinal study appears to indicate that Myotis telomeres do not shrink with age, and that telomerase does not appear to be present in the Myotis metabolism. 13 species of Myotis bats live longer than 20 years and 4 species live longer than 30 years.[8][9] The longest-living species of Myotis, and longest-living bat in general, is thought to be the Siberian bat (M. sibiricus); one individual discovered in 2005 was found to be over 41 years old at the time.[10]

Species

Myotinae

Submyotodon

Myotis

Most Old World species

Most Nearctic species

Myotis brandtii & Myotis sibiricus

Neotropical and some Nearctic species

Relationships among Myotis species according to molecular data[11]

Traditionally, Myotis was divided into three large subgenera—Leuconoe, Myotis, and Selysius. However, molecular data indicate that these subgenera are not natural groups, but instead unnatural assemblages of convergently similar species.[12] Instead, Myotis species largely fall in two main clades, one containing Old World and the other New World species.[11] The ITIS presently divides it into three subgenera: Chrysopteron (containing most reddish-colored Old World species), Myotis (containing almost all other Old World species), and Pizonyx (containing all New World species and the Eurasian Myotis brandtii and Myotis sibiricus, which are more closely related to New World species than to other Old World species).[13][14] The Asian species Myotis latirostris falls outside the clade formed by these main groups, and has since been reclassified into a separate genus, Submyotodon, alongside several others.[15]

Myotis is a highly species-rich genus, and the classification of many species remains unsettled. The taxonomy below is based on that of the ITIS in 2021.[16] Some differences in taxonomy from the 2005 third edition of Mammal Species of the World[17] are indicated in footnotes.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Split from M. formosus (Csorba et al., 2014).
  2. ↑ Split from M. formosus (Csorba et al., 2014).
  3. ↑ Split from M. formosus (Csorba et al., 2014).
  4. ↑ Split from M. montivagus (Görföl et al., 2013).
  5. ↑ Split from M. nattereri (Ibáñez et al., 2006).
  6. ↑ Split from M. montivagus (Görföl et al., 2013).
  7. ↑ Split from M. frater (Ruedi et al., 2015).
  8. ↑ Split from M. daubentonii (Matveev et al., 2005). Includes M. abei (Tsytsulina, 2004, as daubentonii).
  9. ↑ Split from M. montivagus (Görföl et al., 2013).
  10. ↑ A new species (Borisenko et al., 2008).
  11. ↑ Split from M. nigricans (Moratelli et al., 2017).
  12. ↑ Split from M. levis (Barquez et al., 2006).
  13. ↑ Split from M. simus (Moratelli & Wilson, 2014).
  14. ↑ Split from M. martiniquensis (Larsen et al., 2012).
  15. ↑ Split from M. brandtii (Kruskop, Borisenko, Ivanova, Lim & Eger, 2012).

References

  1. ↑ "Fossilworks: Myotis".
  2. ↑ Schwartz, Charles Walsh; Schwartz, Elizabeth Reeder (2001). The Wild Mammals of Missouri (illustrated ed.). University of Missouri Press. p. 69. ISBN 9780826213594.
  3. ↑ Simmons, 2005, p. 499
  4. ↑ Lack et al., 2010
  5. ↑ Roehrs et al., 2010
  6. ↑ Ruedi, Manuel; Csorba, Gábor; Lin, Liang-Kong; Chou, C-H (2015-02-20). "Molecular phylogeny and morphological revision of Myotis bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Taiwan and adjacent China". Zootaxa. 3920 (2): 301–342. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3920.2.6. PMID 25781252.
  7. ↑ Levin, E.; A. Barnea; Y. Yovel; and Y. Yom-Tov (2006). Have introduced fish initiated piscivory among the long-fingered bat? Mammalian Biology 71(3): 139–143.
  8. ↑ Growing old, yet staying young: The role of telomeres in bats’ exceptional longevity, doi:10.1126/sciadv.aao0926
  9. ↑ These Bats Don't Seem to Die of Old Age—Can They Help Extend the Human Lifespan?, by Kate Lunau, at Vice; published February 7, 2018; retrieved June 12, 2018
  10. ↑ Podlutsky, A. J.; Khritankov, A. M.; Ovodov, N. D.; Austad, S. N. (2005-11-01). "A New Field Record for Bat Longevity". The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 60 (11): 1366–1368. doi:10.1093/gerona/60.11.1366. ISSN 1079-5006. PMID 16339320.
  11. 1 2 Stadelmann et al., 2007, fig. 2; Lack et al., 2010, figs. 1, 2
  12. ↑ Simmons, 2005, p. 500
  13. ↑ "ITIS - Report: Myotis". www.itis.gov. Retrieved 2022-02-01.
  14. ↑ Stadelmann et al., 2007, fig. 2
  15. ↑ Lack et al., 2010, p. 984
  16. ↑ Mammal Diversity Database (2021-08-10), Mammal Diversity Database, doi:10.5281/zenodo.5175993, retrieved 2021-09-11
  17. ↑ Simmons, 2005, pp. 500–518
  18. ↑ Moratelli, Ricardo; Peracchi, Adriano L.; Dias, Daniela; De Oliveira, João A. (2011). "Geographic variation in South American populations of Myotis nigricans ( ) (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), with the description of two new species". Mammalian Biology. 76 (5): 592–607. doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2011.01.003.

Literature cited

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