Morris Schinasi | |
|---|---|
| Moris Şinasi | |
 | |
| Born | Musa Eskenazi April 27, 1855 [1] |
| Died | September 10, 1928 New York City, U.S. |
| Nationality | American–Ottoman |
| Occupation | Businessman |
| Spouse |
Laurette Schinasi (m. 1903) |
| Children | 3 daughters including Altina (1907–99) |
| Awards | Order of the Medjidie of the Ottoman Empire |
Morris Schinasi (Turkish: Moris Şinasi; born Musa Eskenazi;[2] April 27, 1855 – September 10, 1928) was an Ottoman-born wealthy American businessman in the tobacco industry.
He was born in 1855 in Manisa, Ottoman Empire to relatively poor Sephardic Jew parents. At the age of nine, he contracted diphtheria. He was treated by a Muslim physician named Şinasi (Shinasi or Schinasi in European languages) and regained his health. His parents named him henceforth Moris Şinasi as a gesture of gratitude.[3] He had two brothers Solomon (also known as Shlomo) and Yaakov, and a sister, Sultana.[4][5]
He was forced to leave the school and worked in a Jewish cemetery as a guard. At the age of fifteen, he left Turkey for Alexandria, Egypt, where he lived until he was nearly thirty. It was then that Garaffolo, a successful Greek tobacco merchant, who informally adopted Schinasi in Alexandria, determined that Schinasi should seek his fortune in America. In 1890, he immigrated to the United States.[4][5][6]
Career
In 1893, Morris Schinasi exhibited the cigarette made with his patented cigarette-rolling machine at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair. Schinasi then returned to New York City to found Schinasi Brothers with his brother, Solomon, who came also to the United States. Together, the Schinasis produced ready-made cigarettes under the brand name "Natural" at their factory on 120th Street and Broadway using imported Turkish tobacco rather than the Virginia-grown leaves. They became highly successful. In solidarity with their roots, the brothers invited about 200 Turkish Jews from their homeland to work in the factory.[4][5][6] By 1907, both were millionaires.[7]
In 1916, the brothers sold the cigarette factory, worth $2 million, and all commercial rights to the business, to the American Tobacco Company for $3.5 million, and retired from active business life. Morris Schinasi died on September 10, 1928, at the age of 74.[4][8] A large portion of his wealth, well over $5 million, he designated to charity. A one-million dollar fund was entrusted to the Chemical Bank and Trust Company of New York for founding a hospital in Manisa, the town of his birth.[5]
His success was acknowledged by Abdul Hamid II, the contemporary Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, who gave him the Medjidie Medal of fourth degree "for his excellent efforts in promoting this industry, which won for him His Majesty's commendation."[6] The presentation took place in July 1908.[5]
At a press conference held in Athens, Greece, he passed a note to a person sitting next to him asking him to read it because of his illiteracy. He was then asked "You became so wealthy as an analphabet. What you would become when you were literate?". He replied, "A good cemetery guard." referring to his job at age fifteen when he was fired because he could not take a family to their relative's grave.[3] This might have inspired the short story "The Verger" in the book "Trio" by W. Somerset Maugham.
Family
During a business trip to Salonica, then in the Ottoman Empire, he met his future wife, Laurette Schinasi née Ben Rubi, the granddaughter of his business associate Joseph Ben Rubi. He married the 16-year-old girl in 1903. The couple had three daughters Victoria, Juliette, and Altina.[4][5]
His daughter Altina Schinasi (1907–1999) was an American sculptor, filmmaker, entrepreneur, window dresser, designer, and inventor, best known for designing the Harlequin eyeglass frame.[5]
Legacy
Upon Morris Schinasi's death, his widow Laurette Schinasi traveled in April 1930 to Manisa, Turkey to establish Moris Sinasi Çocuk Hastahanesi, or Moris Sinasi Children's Hospital in the city of her late husband's birth. The construction of the institution was financed by 80% of the $1 million inheritance.[8] The Turkish government exempted the customs duty from all imported construction materials and hospital equipment by a special act.[9] With the remaining sum, bonds were acquired, of which interests are regularly transferred to the hospital needed for health-care costs. Opened on August 15, 1933, the hospital is still in operation today.[3][4][5]
An international association for children's health based in Turkey, "Morris Şinasi Milletlerarası Çocuk Sağlığı Derneği", bears his name.[3]
His family mansion built in 1907 at West 107th Street & 351 Riverside in Manhattan, New York City and called the Schinasi House today, is designated a New York City Landmark and listed in the National Register of Historic Places. Many of the rooms in the building of marble French Renaissance were decorated in Turkish style.[4][7][5]
References
- ↑ "Morris Schinasi". Ancestry.
- ↑ Aşık, Melih (September 25, 2016). "Moris Şinasi..." Milliyet (in Turkish).
Musa Eskenazi 1855 yılında Manisa'da doğdu. (translation: Musa Eskenazi was born in Manisa in 1855.)
- 1 2 3 4 "Morris Şinasi'nin vasiyeti yaşıyor". Radikal (in Turkish). August 13, 2010. Retrieved September 8, 2013.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Askin, Nihal; Dokak, Fahrettin (January 1, 2004). "Manisa sevdalısı Morris Schinasi" [Manisa lover Morris Schinasi]. Sabah (in Turkish). Archived from the original on May 8, 2014. Retrieved September 8, 2013.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Morris Schinasi and the Manisa Children's Hospital". Turk of America. July 13, 2008. Archived from the original on August 1, 2008. Retrieved September 8, 2013.
- 1 2 3 Schinasi, Altina. The Road I Have Travelled Santa Fe: Apodaca Hill Press 1995, p. 4
- 1 2 "The 1909 Morris Schinasi Mansion – No. 351 Riverside Drive". Daytonian in Manhattan. August 19, 2011. Retrieved September 8, 2013.
- 1 2 "Morris Schinasi Leaves $1,000,000 to Found Hospital in Smyrna". JTA. October 1, 1928. Retrieved September 8, 2013.
- ↑ "Manisada (Beynelmilel Moris Şinasi hastanesi) namı altında inşa ve tesis edilecek hastane için hariçten getirilecek eşyanın gümrük resminden istisnasına dair kanun" [Law regarding the exemption from customs duty of goods to be brought from outside for the hospital to be built and established under the name of Manisada (International Moris Şinasi hospital)] (PDF) (in Turkish). TBMM. December 28, 1931. Retrieved September 8, 2013.