Minahasan
Geographic
distribution		North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Linguistic classificationAustronesian
Glottologmina1272

The Minahasan languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages spoken by the Minahasa people in northern Sulawesi, Indonesia. They belong to the Philippine subgroup.

Considerable lexical influence comes from Spanish, Portuguese, and Ternate, a historical legacy of the presence of foreign powers.[1][2] The Minahasan languages are distinct from the Manado Malay (Minahasa Malay) language, which is Malayic in origin, and has been displacing the indigenous languages of the area.[3][4]

Classification

The languages are Tonsawang, Tontemboan, Tondano, Tombulu and Tonsea.[5]

The Minahasan languages are classified as a branch of the Philippine subgroup.[6]

The Bantik, Ratahan, and Ponosakan languages, although also spoken in the Minahasa region, are more distantly related, thus not covered by the term in a genealogical sense.[7][8]

Reconstruction

Proto-Minahasan
Reconstruction ofMinahasan languages
Reconstructed
ancestors

Proto-Minahasan (PMin) has been reconstructed by Sneddon (1978).[9] The comparison table (a small selection from Sneddon 1978:120–183) illustrates the correspondences between the Minahasan languages, including inherited vocabulary as well as Minahasan innovations.[10]

Comparison table
Words inherited from Proto-Austronesian (PAn)
Tondano Tonsea Tombulu Tontemboan Tonsawang PMin PAn Meaning
təlutədutəlutəlutəlu*təlu*təlu'three'
oatoatohatoʔatohatᶿ*ohat*huRaC'vein'
ruiduiduhiduʔiduhi*duhi*duRi'bone'
ədoəndoəndoəndoəndo*əndo*qaləjaw'sun'
patepatepatepatepatᶿe*pate*paCay'kill'
Minahasan innovations
Tondano Tonsea Tombulu Tontemboan Tonsawang PMin PAn Meaning
tələstələstələstələstələs*tələs(*bəli)'buy'
edoendoendoindoindo*indo(*alaq)'take'

See also

References

Notes

  1. ↑ Watuseke, F. S. (1965), "Kata-kata Ternate dalam bahasa Melaju-Manado dan bahasa-bahasa Minahasa", Pembina Bahasa Indonesia (in Indonesian), IX: 107–110
  2. ↑ Schouten, M. J. C. (1998), Leadership and social mobility in a Southeast Asian society: Minahasa, 1677–1983, Leiden: KITLV Press, pp. 39–40
  3. ↑ Watupongoh, Geraldine Y. J. Manoppo (1992), Struktur bahasa Tondano (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, p. 2
  4. ↑ Henley, David (1996), Nationalism and regionalism in a colonial context: Minahasa in the Dutch East Indies, Leiden: KITLV Press, p. 86
  5. ↑ Sneddon (1978), p. 9.
  6. ↑ Adelaar (2005), p. 16.
  7. ↑ Watuseke, F. S. (1956), "Bahasa Tondano", Bahasa dan budaja (in Indonesian), 4/5: 3–14
  8. ↑ Watuseke, F. S. (1977), "'Kolano' in the Tondano Language", Papers in Borneo and Western Austronesian linguistics No. 2 (PDF), Pacific Linguistics A-33, C. Court, R. A. Blust, F. S. Watuseke, Canberra: Department of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University, pp. 123–132, doi:10.15144/PL-A33, retrieved 2022-12-24
  9. ↑ Sneddon (1978).
  10. ↑ Sneddon (1989), p. 85.

Bibliography

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.