54°41′35″N 1°11′43″W / 54.693°N 1.1954°W / 54.693; -1.1954

The hart sculpture

Middleton is an area of Hartlepool in the Borough of Hartlepool, County Durham, England.[1] It is on the North Sea coast between the centre of Hartlepool and The Headland.

History and Etymology

The area takes its name from a wealthy Wesleyan.[2]

Middleton was added as a Local Board District in the Hartlepool Borough in 1883.[3]

In the medieval era it has long been believed to have served as part of both the sea and military defence for the harbour. However, as Hartlepool went into decline Middleton gradually lost its significance; by the late 18th century half of neighbouring Victoria and Commissioners Harbour was recorded as being half-filled in and used as a cornfield.

In the early 19th century, Hartlepool's fate changed as the town began to industrialise, and the Grays, the Swansons, and the Jacksons began investing in the new docks that would emerge to the South, as the Dyke House Marshes where drained. Gradually Middleton re-emerged becoming more or less an island, in the centre of the new dockyards. Due to its prominent position, it seemed for some to be the ideal place to establish shipyards. A number of shipyards existed at Middleton including those of John Punshon Denton,[4] John Winspear,[5] Alexander Withy,[6] William Gray & Co.,[7] Dring & Pattison and Thomas Richardson.[8] At its height in the late 19th century, the area had three shipyards and two engineering works based in Middleton. Middleton was a community in its own right, consisting of three streets of terraced houses and a number of pubs. It was also home to a "Rocket House" which was used for signalling ships.

In the 1940s, this area of Hartlepool was home to many decommissioned or mothballed Royal Navy ships, as well as ships of Axis Powers, waiting to be refitted or dismantled. These included one of Adolf Hitler's yachts.

From the end of the Second World War the dockyards in Hartlepool gradually fell into decline, partly due to the moving of several key industries, the declines in export of coal. For Middleton it was particularly hard hit by a decline, in the commission of ships built in British shipyards, as well as the fact much of the Dockyards at Hartlepool were gradually considered unsuitable for the modern container ships (until the improvements made to Central Dock, which now serves as the main port of the town). This and a combination of the highly polluted, dirty and derelict environment of Middleton, gradually led to the site's depopulation, to a point where by the late 1980s the only inhabited part was a surviving pub. Most of the buildings with the exception of several derelict buildings, mainly belonging to the Engineering Works, warehouses and the modern buildings of Greys Shipyards, had been demolished.

Since 2003 a series of new apartments have been completed, which roughly cover the site of the terrace houses.

References

  1. ↑ Ordnance Survey: Landranger map sheet 93 Middlesbrough (Darlington & Hartlepool) (Map). Ordnance Survey. 2010. ISBN 9780319228777.
  2. ↑ Surtees, Robert (1816–1840). The history and antiquities of the county palatine of Durham. J. B. Nichols and son; [etc.etc.] OCLC 1298760393.
  3. ↑ Cookson, Gillian.; Page, William (1905). The Victoria history of the county of Durham; ed. by William Page. London: [A. Constable and Co.] doi:10.5962/bhl.title.36479.
  4. ↑ "Hartlepool History Then & Now". hhtandn.org. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
  5. ↑ "Hartlepool History Then & Now". hhtandn.org. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
  6. ↑ "Hartlepool History Then & Now". hhtandn.org. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
  7. ↑ "Hartlepool History Then & Now". hhtandn.org. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
  8. ↑ "Hartlepool History Then & Now". hhtandn.org. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
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