Michel Campillo is a French seismologist and geophysicist who is currently a professor at Grenoble Alpes University.[1]

Early life and education

Michel Campillo was born in 1957 in Chambon sur Lignon. He studied physics at university, receiving a Master's degree in 1979.

  •   Postgraduate thesis: Calculation of near-field radiation from a dynamic seismic source.
  •   Thèse d'État: Synthetic seismograms in heterogeneous elastic media: methodological development and applications.

Specialising in geophysics, Campillo subsequently obtained his PhD in 1982 and his Doctorat d'État in 1986 at Joseph Fourier University under the direction of Michel Bouchon.

Career

Campillo started his career as a research associate at the CNRS in 1983. In 1989, he became a professor at Joseph Fourier University (today part of Grenoble Alpes University) at the Laboratory of Internal Geophysics and Tectonophysics (now the Institute of Earth Sciences).[2] From 1997 to 2002, he directed the laboratory and from 2004 to 2012, he was the head of its "Ondes et Structures" research group.

He currently holds the chair "Artificial intelligence for natural hazard and geo-resources" together with Olivier Michel (a professor at Grenoble INP) at the Interdisciplinary Institute of Artificial Intelligence in Grenoble.

He spent several periods at the University of Southern California, the University of California Santa Barbara, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology[3] and the GeoForschungsZentrum-Potsdam.

He is a member of the French Academy of Sciences[4][5] and of the Institut Universitaire de France.[6]

Scientific work

Scientific activities

Michel Campillo is a seismologist. He is therefore interested in both the processes responsible for earthquakes and the seismic waves that reveal the structure of the Earth. He has studied major earthquakes but also the phenomena of transient deformation that have been highlighted in recent years. He has proposed innovative methods for imaging the Earth from ambient seismic noise and multiply scattered waves.  His current work focuses on the temporal monitoring of the mechanical properties of rocks associated with tectonic deformation.

He has worked in interdisciplinary and international collaborations and very closely with students and post-docs with whom he has published more than 200 papers.[7] His initial work concerned the modelling of seismic radiation from dynamic cracks and then the imaging of the fracture process of large earthquakes through the inversion in the spectral domain of local seismic and geodetic data. He then analysed the slip initiation phase, characterised the stable/unstable transition in complex geometries and introduced the concept of effective friction of a heterogeneous fault. More recently he has been interested in slow earthquakes and in particular in their intermittent nature.

Michel Campillo has studied wave propagation through data analysis and numerical simulation, in particular with integral equation methods and applications to seismic risk. This work has shown the importance of the multiple scattering regime of seismic waves, which has led to considering these waves from the perspective of mesoscopic physics. This led to the reconstruction of the Earth's response between two distant points using continuous recordings of ambient noise. This passive approach produced 3D tomographic images of unprecedented resolution and opened the way to the temporal monitoring of long-term mechanical properties. He is now studying the small changes associated with tectonic deformations in fault zones and the accompanying microseismicity.

Main publications

Michel Campillo pointed out the conjunction of effects linked to seismic rupture, wave propagation and local conditions to explain the heavy damage produced in Mexico City by the Michoacan earthquake. The terminology 'source, path and site effects' is widely used.[8] It introduced the joint use of seismic data and radar interferometry in a non-linear inversion of the slip evolution during a large earthquake[9] and showed the existence of long-range correlations in multiply diffracted seismic wave fields and paved the way for the use of ambient noise for seismic imaging.[10]

Michel Campillo and Anne Paul have shown the existence of long-range correlations in multiply diffracted seismic wave fields[11] and this has paved the way for the use of ambient noise for seismic imaging. The first use of seismic noise for regional-scale seismic tomography was conducted over California.[11] Hundreds of nearly identical applications have since been carried out in different parts of the world. It was in a methodological paper that he showed the extent of the possibilities of using noise correlations as virtual seismograms containing direct waves, surface waves and diffracted wave coda. The use of higher order correlations is now booming.[12]

It has been demonstrated that a moderate earthquake produces changes in elastic parameters in the crust and that the associated changes in seismic velocity can be measured continuously from ambient noise.[13] The properties of diffuse seismic wave fields (energy partitioning between modes) were measured and modelled to demonstrate how these observables carry information about the structure beneath the stations. This is a growing field in engineering seismology.[14]

Michel Campillo discussed the relative shares for seismic rupture of local friction properties and their spatial heterogeneity.  He shows in 3D elasticity the relevance of the concept of effective friction introduced in Campillo et al. (2001) to describe the large-scale behaviour of the rupture (initiation duration, slip distribution, rupture velocity. . .).[15] He also published the first application of ambient noise analysis to deep structures. These results have been extended to the core and the field is expanding.[16]

For the first time a continuous analysis of temporal changes in seismic velocities on a regional scale has been carried out using data from the Japanese network which prefigures the networks of the future. Seismic susceptibility" measures the sensitivity of rocks to non-linear effects, a susceptibility that is highest in the edifices and volcanoes of Honshu.[17]

Recent work is a (temporary) conclusion of the work on the phenomena of slow landslides and tremors, new classes of seismic observations discovered in the 21st century.  It shows that, contrary to the prevailing intuitive idea, large transient landslides with magnitudes greater than 7 and durations of several months are not smooth and continuous phenomena but intermittent landslide processes on short time scales.  These observations call into question the friction models proposed for these events and open up a new field of investigation.[18]

Functions and awards

Functions

  •   Director, Doctoral Training 'Mechanics of Geophysical Environments and Environment' (1995-1997)
  •   Director, Laboratory of Internal Geophysics and Tectonophysics of Joseph Fourier University, CNRS UMR 5559 (1997-2002)
  •   Director of the National IFA 'Land Risks' Programme of the Ministry of Research and Technology (1999-2002)
  •   Member of the CNRS Ethics Committee (2007-2017)
  •   Member of the Board of Directors of Joseph Fourier University (2008-2012)
  •   Board of Directors of the Seismological Society of America (2011-2014)

Awards

References

  1. ↑ "Professeur à l'Université de Grenoble Alpes".
  2. ↑ "Institut des sciences de la Terre".
  3. ↑ "Visiting professor MIT".
  4. ↑ "Nomination à l'Académie des sciences".
  5. ↑ "Élection à l'Académie des sciences".
  6. 1 2 "Institut Universitaire de France".
  7. ↑ "Google scholar".
  8. ↑ M. Campillo, J.C. Gariel, K. Aki and F.J. Sanchez Sesma, « Destructive strong ground motion in Mexico City : source, path and site effects during the great 1985 Michoacan earthquake », Bulletin Seismological Society of America, (1989), 79, p. 1718-1735
  9. ↑ Hernandez, B., F. Cotton and M. Campillo, « Contribution of radar interferometry to a two-step inversion of the kinematic process of the 1992 Landers earthquake », Journal of Geophysical Research, (1999), 104, p. 13083-13099
  10. ↑ Campillo, M., & Paul, A., « Long range correlations in the diffuse seismic coda », Science, (2003), 299, p. 547-549
  11. 1 2 NM. Shapiro, M. Campillo, L. Stehly and M. Ritzwoller, « High Resolution Surface-Wave Tomography from Ambient Seismic Noise », Science, (2005), 307, p. 1615-1618
  12. ↑ L. Stehly, M. Campillo, B. Froment and R.L. Weaver, « Reconstructing Green’s function by correlation of the coda of the correlation (C3) of ambient seismic noise », J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, (2008), volume : 113, issue : b11, article number : b11306.
  13. ↑ F. Brenguier, M. Campillo,C. Hadziioannou, N.M. Shapiro, R.M. Nadeau, E. Larose, « Postseismic relaxation along the San Andreas fault at Parkfield from continuous seismological observations », Science, (2008), volume : 321, issue : 5895, p. 1478-1481
  14. ↑ L. Margerin, Campillo M, Van Tiggelen BA and R.Hennino, « Energy partition of seismic coda waves in layered media : theory and application to Pinyon Flats Observatory », Geophysical Journal International, (2009), volume : 177, issue : 2, p. 571-585
  15. ↑ S. Latour, M. Campillo, C. Voisin, I. R. Ionescu, J. Schmedes, and D. Lavallée, « Effective friction law for small-scale fault heterogeneity in 3D dynamic rupture », J. Geophys. Res., (2011), 116, b10306 (DOI doi:10.1029/2010JB008118)
  16. ↑ P. Poli, M. Campillo, H. Pedersen and the Lapnet Working Group, « Body wave imaging of the Earth’s mantle discontinuities from ambient seismic noise », Science, (2012), 338, p. 1063-1066
  17. ↑ Brenguier, F.; Campillo, M.; Takeda, T.; et al., « Mapping pressurized volcanic fluids from induced crustal seismic velocity drops », Science, (2014), volume: 345 issue: 6192 (80-82)
  18. ↑ WB Frank, B Rousset, C Lasserre, M Campillo, « Revealing  the cluster of slow transients behind a large slow slip event », Science advances, (2018), 4 (5), eaat0661
  19. ↑ "Prix Jaffé".
  20. ↑ "Grand Prix de l'Institut de France".
  21. ↑ "Michel Campillo (ISTerre) et Michel Vauclin (LTHE), Chevaliers de la légion d'honneur". OSUG, Observatoire des Sciences de l’Univers de Grenoble (in French). Retrieved 2019-01-22.
  22. ↑ "Humbold Research Prize".
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