Michael Kast
Kast in army uniform, c. 1942
Birth nameMichael Martín Kast Schindele
Born2 April 1924
Thalkirchdorf, Bavaria, Germany
Died9 May 2014 (aged 90)
Buin, Metropolitan Region, Chile
Allegiance Nazi Germany[1]
Rank Oberleutnant
Battles/warsWorld War II
Children10, including José Antonio and Miguel
RelationsFelipe Kast and Pablo Kast (grandsons)

Michael Martín Kast Schindele (2 April 1924 – 9 May 2014) was a German officer and businessman, along with being the founder of the Kast family in Chile. After Nazi Germany's defeat following the end of World War II, he settled in Chile, where many of his descendants have had important roles in Chilean politics, such as José Antonio Kast, Miguel Kast, and Felipe Kast.

Early life

Michael Martín Kast Schindele was born in Thalkirchdorf, a small village in Germany, on 2 April 1924.[2][3] His father was from Ulm and in 1893, created a powdered milk factory in Wiedemannsdorf, Oberstaufen that was one of three in Germany to produce the recently invented product.[4]

World War II

German historian Armin Nolzen has written that Kast likely was a member of the Hitler Youth from the age of 14 until 1 September 1942, aged 18 when German Federal Archives show he voluntarily joined the Nazi Party.[5][6][1] Kast and seven of his brothers joined the German Army, with Kast serving as part of his obligatory military service.[7][8] Reportedly, of the 8 Kast brothers who fought in World War II, only three survived.[8]

During World War II, Kast was first deployed on garrison duty in France in 1942, then he fought the Soviet Union in 1943 through 1944 during the Battle of Korsun–Cherkassy.[8] Kast rose in the ranks to become a lieutenant in an effort to seek more leadership as an officer on the battlefield.[8][9][10] In 1944 and into 1945, he was deployed to Italy to defend the Gothic Line in the Apennine Mountains and was caught by an American unit near Trento in May 1945.[8] Kast escaped from custody during a guard change the following month and fled back to Bavaria on foot using ratlines, where he subsequently obtained a false ID indicating he was a member of the International Committee of the Red Cross according to journalist Javier Rebolledo.[8][9]

Life in Chile

In Bavaria, Kast met his future wife, born Olga Maria Kreszencia Rist (1924–2015) but generally known in Chile thereafter as Olga Rist Hagspiel, in accordance with Spanish language naming traditions, whereby both parents' surnames are formally and legally carried. The two were married on 26 October 1946, in Thalkirchdorf.[9] Kast began to assume a false identity in 1947 during the denazification period, though when applying for his denazification certificate German officials initially did not approve one for Kast, although a prosecutor friendly to him burnt Kast's Nazi records.[10] Following this, he fled to Argentina and, later, to Chile,[9] with help from Vatican ratlines.[11] He arrived in Chile in December 1950 and settled in Buin,[9] a commune within the present-day Santiago Metropolitan Region.[12]

Kast's wife, along with their two German-born children (Michael (later Miguel) and Barbara), arrived in Chile soon after.[12] He founded the sausage factory Cecinas Bavaria in 1962,[9] which is currently owned by his son, Christian Kast Rist.[13] Kast was publicly awarded by the Municipality of Buin (1985), the Chamber of Commerce of Buin (1989), and the Carabineros of Buin (1992). He also helped in the construction of six churches in Buin. A branch of firefighters in Buin bears his name, calling itself the "Brigada Juvenil Miguel Kast" ("Miguel Kast Youth Brigade"). In 1995, he was granted Chilean citizenship.[2]

Death

Kast died on 10 May 2014, at the age of 90.[14] His wake was at the Santos Ángeles Custodios Church, in Buin, the following day.[14]

Controversy

Kast's exact involvement in World War II and under Augusto Pinochet's military dictatorship has been a subject of controversy.

Involvement in Nazi Germany

Kast's Nazi Party membership card from 1942

Journalists Javier Rebolledo and Nancy Guzmán distinctly called Michael Kast a Nazi in their 2015 book, titled A la sombra de los cuervos. José Antonio Kast disputed this in an article written for The Clinic, where he alleged that his father could have not committed any war crimes during his time in the German army, as the elder Kast often visited Germany in his later years with no police interference.[15] José Antonio Kast publicly denied his father was a Nazi, claiming his father's military service was obligatory.[16] A copy of Kast's Nazi Party membership card from 1942 was later published.[17]

In 2021, Gabriel Boric, the main political opponent of José Antonio Kast in the 2021 Chilean general elections, accused José Antonio Kast of being a hypocrite, as "Migrating is a right and sometimes it is also a tragedy. Your father himself was a migrant after having fought in the Nazi army". After this, investigative journalist Mauricio Weibel revealed how Michael Kast was in the National Socialist German Workers' Party archives, confirming his membership in the party.[1]

Involvement in Pinochet dictatorship

Rebolledo and Guzmán also wrote that Kast (along with his son Miguel) were associated with the Pinochet dictatorship's National Information Center, taking part in the capture and forced disappearance of Pedro Vargas, who had been organizing workers at Kast's business.[18]

José Antonio Kast also claimed it was impossible for his father to have been involved in the disappearance of Pedro Vargas, due to the fact that Vargas's father and brother (Bernabé and Jorge) had kept working at the Kast family's sausage factory after Pedro Vargas's disappearance.[15]

Personal life

Michael Kast had 10 children (2 of whom were born in Germany and 8 in Chile),[9] 50 grandchildren (at the time of his death) and some 20 great-grandchildren (at the time of his death).[19] Two of his children died in their youth; one by drowning and the other in a car crash.[9] Many of his children and grandchildren have had important roles in Chilean politics, serving as deputies and senators.[20]

  • Michael "Miguel" Kast Rist (1948–1983), economist, member of the Chicago Boys, and Minister of State and President of the Central Bank under the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet; married to Cecilia Sommerhoff Hyde (born 1951); 5 children
    • Bárbara Kast Sommerhoff (born 1968), sociologist[19]
    • Michael Kast Sommerhoff (born 1968), priest[19]
    • Pablo Kast Sommerhoff (born 1973), architect and Deputy (2018-2022); married to Juana Edwards Urrejola; 4 children
    • Felipe Kast Sommerhoff (born 1977), architect, economist, Deputy (2014-2018), Senator (2018-2026); married to Emelia Puga Bermúdez (born 1980); 3 children
    • Tomás Kast Sommerhoff (born 1979), engineer and Councilman of Vitacura (2021-2025)
  • Hans Kast Rist (born 1951), served as a Roman Catholic priest for 25 years until leaving the priesthood in 2020[21]
  • Erika Kast Rist (born 1954), married to businessman Alfonso Maira Carlini (born 1948); 8 children, including
    • Cristóbal Maira Kast (born 1974), owner of Agricola Rayenco[19]
    • Consuelo Maira Kast (born 1978), businesswoman[19]
    • Catalina Maira Kast (born 1984), investor[19]
    • Esteban Maira Kast (born 1986), lawyer[19]
  • Christian Kast Rist (born 1957), businessman and owner of Cecinas Bavaria;[13] married to Pamela Prett Weber (born 1960); 4 children, including[22]
    • Mónica Kast Prett (born 1980), historian[19]
    • Andrea Kast Prett (born 1984), businesswoman, executive of Cecinas Bavaria[19]
    • Cristian Kast Prett (born 1986), businessman[19]
  • Verónica Kast Rist (born 1960), married to Andrés Tocornal Vial (born 1955); 3 children
  • Rita Kast Rist (born 1962), businesswoman;[13] married to Gonzalo Urcelay Montecinos (born 1959); 7 children,[23] including
    • Gonzalo Urcelay Kast (born 1986), lawyer[19]
    • María Fernanda Urcelay Kast, lawyer[19]
  • José Antonio Kast Rist (born 1966), lawyer, politician, deputy (2014–2018), presidential candidate in 2017 and 2021, and founder of the Republican Party of Chile; married to María Pía Adriasola Barroilhet (born 1966); 9 children.
  • Gabriela Kast Rist, author[24]

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Periodista Mauricio Weibel revela acta de afiliación del padre de Kast al partido nazi". El Desconcierto. 1 December 2021. Retrieved 21 December 2021.
  2. 1 2 "Boletín N° 1693-17". National Library of Chile. 7 September 1995. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  3. ↑ Torres Marín, Manuel (1988). Varias historias de mar. Andrés Bello National University. p. 144. Michael Kast, vecino del caserío de Thalkirchdorf, hoy englobado en la circunscripción de Oberstaufen, emigró a Chile con su familia en 1950.
  4. ↑ Ludewig, Thilo (1993). Kleine Plauderei über Oberstaufen, die Staufner und das Weltgeschehen (in German). p. 28.
  5. ↑ "Father's Nazi Past Haunts Chilean Presidential Frontrunner". Haaretz. Retrieved 2021-12-22.
  6. ↑ "Chilean presidential candidate's father was member of Nazi party". Associated Press. 8 December 2021. Retrieved 21 December 2021.
  7. ↑ Slate Escanilla, Christian (29 June 2017). "Del Bavaria a la Moneda". Diario El Día (in Spanish). Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Uriburu, Esteban J. (1976). God's Tabernacle: The life of Bárbara Kast (1950-1968) (in Hungarian). pp. 10–11. ISBN 9786155149825.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Salazar Salvo, Manuel (15 June 2019). "El origen del clan de los Kast en Chile". Interferencia (in Spanish). Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  10. 1 2 Grim, Ryan; Hibbett, Maia (1 December 2021). "Marco Rubio Met With Far-Right Chilean Candidate Tied to Military Dictatorship". The Intercept. Retrieved 2 December 2021.
  11. ↑ "Dos puntas tiene el nazismo: Serrano y Kast". El Clarin de Chile (in Spanish). 5 August 2019. Retrieved 21 December 2021.
  12. 1 2 Ibarra M., Valeria (31 July 2011). "Historia del clan Kast mezcla negocios, política y religión". El Mercurio (in Spanish). Retrieved 21 December 2021.
  13. 1 2 3 Salazar Salvo, Manuel (19 June 2019). "Los Kast: los otros hijos de Michael y Olga". Interferencia (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 18 November 2021. Retrieved 21 December 2021.
  14. 1 2 "A los 90 años, nos dejó don Miguel Kast Schindele". Municipality of Paine (in Spanish). 9 May 2014. Retrieved 21 December 2021.
  15. 1 2 Kast, José Antonio (28 August 2015). "Columna: Miguel Kast Schindele, un hombre ejemplar". The Clnic (in Spanish). Retrieved 21 December 2021.
  16. ↑ "José Antonio Kast vs Ignacio Franzani: "¡Aprende de Historia!"". 30 July 2018. Retrieved 18 November 2021 – via YouTube.
  17. ↑ Copy of Michael Kast's Nazi Party membership card, dated 1942, timesofisrael.com; accessed 29 December 2021.
  18. ↑ "Los Kast en los crímenes de Paine". El Mostrador (in Spanish). 6 November 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  19. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Salazar Salvo, Manuel (17 June 2019). "Los Kast: La tercera generación". Interferencia. Archived from the original on 18 November 2021. Retrieved 21 December 2021.
  20. ↑ PIlleux Cepeda, Mauricio (16 January 2020). "Kast". Genealog (in Spanish). Retrieved 21 December 2021.
  21. ↑ "Hermano de José Antonio Kast deja el sacerdocio luego de 25 años". Puranoticia.cl (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-12-22.
  22. ↑ "Christián Kast Rist". Genealogía Chilena en Red. Retrieved 21 December 2021.
  23. ↑ "Vida Social". El Mercurio. 15 September 2015. Retrieved 21 December 2021.
  24. ↑ Gabriela Kast Rist bibliography
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