Merodon equestris
Grooming
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Family: Syrphidae
Genus: Merodon
Species:
M. equestris
Binomial name
Merodon equestris
(Fabricius, 1794)
Distribution map
Synonyms

Merodon equestris (Narcissus bulb fly, greater bulb fly, large bulb fly, large Narcissus fly)[2] is a Holarctic species of hoverfly (Family Syrphidae).[3][4][5] [6][7][8] Like many other hoverflies it displays a colouration pattern similar to a stinging insect (a bumblebee in this case) as an evolutionary defense mechanism. Other syrphid bee mimics are Mallota, Arctophila, Criorhina, Pocota and Brachypalpus. Merodon species are distinguished from these by the very strong hind femora, which bear a large triangular projection on the underside near the tip. It flies in low vegetation while the other bumblebee mimics prefer higher vegetation layers.

Description

A stout fly with a small head (10-14 mm in length).[9] The tergites are black, without the dust spots or blue-purple sheen of other Merodon species. The thorax and abdomen are hidden by dense, long, erect hairs of variable colouration. Tibia 3 of the male has 2 spurs at the apex.[10] The larva is described and figured by Hodson (1932) [11] and it is illustrated in colour by Rotheray (1993).[12]

Distribution

In the Palearctic it is found from Fennoscandia south to Iberia and the Mediterranean basin, and Ireland east through Europe into Russia and Japan. In the Nearctic it is found from British Columbia south to California. It has been introduced to New Zealand. (see map) [13]

Biology

They inhabit open areas in deciduous forest up into the subalpine zone but significantly synanthropic, occurring in suburban parks and gardens and on horticultural land.[13] The adult flies low in April to July with a fast zig-zag flight, among ground vegetation frequently settling on bare ground. Adult M. equestris feed on pollen and nectar. They visit a large variety of flowers for nectar,[14] while the larvae feed internally in tissues of bulbs of Amaryllidaceae, and they are regarded as a horticultural pest, especially of Narcissus. Females lay 1 egg at a time on leaves of this plant (or in soil by it). Larvae overwinter in the bulbs.[9] A bibliography of the literature on the biology of M. equestris is given by Barkemeyer (1994).[15]

Colour forms

References

  1. ↑ Veselić, S. & Radenković (2021). "Merodon equestris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T149168430A149168435. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T149168430A149168435.en. Retrieved 21 October 2022.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  2. ↑ "Hoverflies". Retrieved 2009-12-12.
  3. ↑ Stubbs, Alan E. & Falk, Steven J. (1983). British Hoverflies: An Illustrated Identification Guide. British Entomological & Natural History Society. pp. 253, xvpp.
  4. ↑ Van Veen, M. (2004) Hoverflies of Northwest Europe: identification keys to the Syrphidae. 256pp. KNNV Publishing, Utrecht.addendum
  5. ↑ Van der Goot,V.S. (1981) De zweefvliegen van Noordwest - Europa en Europees Rusland, in het bijzonder van de Benelux. KNNV, Uitgave no.32: 275pp. Amsterdam.
  6. ↑ Bei-Bienko, G.Y. & Steyskal, G.C. (1988) Keys to the Insects of the European Part of the USSR, Volume V: Diptera and Siphonaptera, Part I. Amerind Publishing Co., New Delhi. ISBN 81-205-0080-6.
  7. ↑ Coe, R.L. (1953) Diptera: Syrphidae. Handbks.ident.Br.insects, 10(1): 1-98. R.ent.Soc.London. pdf
  8. ↑ Peck, L.V. (1988) Syrphidae. In: Soos, A. & Papp, L. (eds.) Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera, 8: 11-230. Akad.Kiado, Budapest.
  9. 1 2 V. Evans, Arthur (2008). National Wildlife Federation Field Guide to Insects and Spiders of North America. Andrew Stewart Publishing, Inc. p. 243. ISBN 978 1 4027 4153 1.
  10. ↑ Bradescu, V. (1991) Les Syrphides de Roumanie (Diptera, Syrphidae), Clés de détermination et répartition. Trav.Mus.Hist. nat. Grigore Antipa, 31: 7-83.
  11. ↑ Hodson, W.E.H. (1932) The large narcissus fly, Merodon equestris, Fab. (Syrphidae). Bull.Ent.Res., 23: 429-448
  12. ↑ Rotheray G., 1993 Colour Guide to Hoverfly Larvae Diptera, Syrphidae in Britain and Europe Dipterists Forum pdf
  13. 1 2 Speight, M.C.D. (2011). "Species accounts of European Syrphidae (Diptera)" (PDF). Syrph the Net, the Database of European Syrphidae. 65: 285pp.
  14. ↑ de Buck, N. (1990) Bloembezoek en bestuivingsecologie van Zweefvliegen (Diptera, Syrphidae) in het bijzonder voor elgië. Doc.Trav. IRSNB, no.60, 1-167.
  15. ↑ Barkemeyer, W. (1994) Untersuchung zum Vorkommen der Schwebfliegen in Niedersachsen und Bremen (Diptera: Syrphidae). Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege in Niedersachsen, 31: 1-514.

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