Mazapil | |
|---|---|
 Church in Mazapil | |
 Location in Zacatecas | |
  Mazapil Location in Mexico | |
| Coordinates: 24°38′18″N 101°33′19″W / 24.63833°N 101.55528°W[1] | |
| Country |  Mexico |
| State |  Zacatecas |
| Established | 17 January 1825 |
| Seat | Mazapil |
| Government | |
| • President | Gregorio Macías Zúñiga |
| Area | |
| • Total | 12,143.256 km2 (4,688.537 sq mi) |
| Elevation [1] (of seat) | 2,268 m (7,441 ft) |
| Population (2010 Census)[3] | |
| • Total | 17,813 |
| • Estimate (2015 Intercensal Survey)[4] | 17,457 |
| • Density | 1.5/km2 (3.8/sq mi) |
| • Seat | 794 |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (Central) |
| Postal codes | 98230–98287[5] |
| Area code | 842 |
| Website | Official website |
Mazapil is a municipality in the Mexican state of Zacatecas and the state's largest municipality by area. The Peñasquito mine, Mexico's largest gold mine, is located in this sparsely populated municipality.
Geography
The municipality of Mazapil is located in northern Zacatecas where it borders three other Mexican states. The Zacatecan municipalities it borders are Melchor Ocampo to the north, General Francisco R. Murguía to the west, Villa de Cos to the south and Concepción del Oro to the east. Mazapil also borders the municipalities of Catorce, Santo Domingo and Vanegas, to the east, all part of San Luis Potosí; San Juan de Guadalupe in the state of Durango to the west; and Saltillo and Viesca to the north, both in Coahuila.[3] Mazapil is Zacatecas's largest and Mexico's twelfth largest municipality,[6] covering an area of 12,143.256 square kilometres (4,688.537 sq mi)[3] and comprising 16.1% of the state's area.[4]
Mazapil is situated in the Chihuahuan Desert and has an elevation range between 1,300 and 3,200 metres (4,300–10,500 ft).[7] Matorral vegetation predominates in the mostly arid and semi-arid climate, although open pinyon-juniper woodlands occur in the more elevated regions with their more temperate and partially sub-humid climates.[8][9] Average annual precipitation in the municipality varies between 200 and 600 millimetres (7.9–23.6 in).[7]
| Climate data for Mazapil weather station at 24°38′26″N 101°33′21″W / 24.64056°N 101.55583°W, 2474 m above sea level (1981–2010 averages) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 29.0 (84.2) |
32.0 (89.6) |
32.0 (89.6) |
35.0 (95.0) |
40.0 (104.0) |
42.0 (107.6) |
36.0 (96.8) |
37.0 (98.6) |
35.0 (95.0) |
32.0 (89.6) |
34.0 (93.2) |
29.0 (84.2) |
42.0 (107.6) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 16.3 (61.3) |
18.2 (64.8) |
21.2 (70.2) |
24.3 (75.7) |
27.1 (80.8) |
27.9 (82.2) |
26.5 (79.7) |
26.1 (79.0) |
24.4 (75.9) |
23.2 (73.8) |
20.5 (68.9) |
17.2 (63.0) |
22.7 (72.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 9.3 (48.7) |
10.8 (51.4) |
13.5 (56.3) |
16.4 (61.5) |
19.2 (66.6) |
20.4 (68.7) |
19.4 (66.9) |
19.1 (66.4) |
17.8 (64.0) |
16.2 (61.2) |
13.4 (56.1) |
10.4 (50.7) |
15.5 (59.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 2.4 (36.3) |
3.5 (38.3) |
5.8 (42.4) |
8.5 (47.3) |
11.4 (52.5) |
12.8 (55.0) |
12.4 (54.3) |
12.2 (54.0) |
11.1 (52.0) |
9.2 (48.6) |
6.2 (43.2) |
3.6 (38.5) |
8.3 (46.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −6.0 (21.2) |
−6.0 (21.2) |
−5.0 (23.0) |
−3.0 (26.6) |
2.0 (35.6) |
5.0 (41.0) |
6.0 (42.8) |
3.0 (37.4) |
2.0 (35.6) |
−3.0 (26.6) |
−6.0 (21.2) |
−12.0 (10.4) |
−12.0 (10.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 26.0 (1.02) |
14.0 (0.55) |
6.2 (0.24) |
19.1 (0.75) |
40.7 (1.60) |
58.2 (2.29) |
69.8 (2.75) |
72.6 (2.86) |
73.3 (2.89) |
39.9 (1.57) |
16.4 (0.65) |
17.5 (0.69) |
453.7 (17.86) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.4 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 1.8 | 4.1 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 6.5 | 6.3 | 3.7 | 1.7 | 2.0 | 42.2 |
| Source: Servicio Meteorológico Nacional[10] | |||||||||||||
History
Mazapil's name derives from the Nahuatl place name Mazatlpilli, itself derived from mazatl "deer" and pilli "small".[8]
The original inhabitants of the Mazapil valley were nomadic Chichimeca peoples known to the Spaniards as Guachichiles. Francisco de Ibarra reached the area in 1554. In 1562, Pedro de Ahumada y Samano reported finding the valley inhabited by 6000 native warriors armed with bows and arrows. Silver mines were first established in the valley in the late 1560s.[11]
Mazapil was one of Zacatecas's eleven original subdivisions (then known as partidos) when the state's constitution was enacted in 1825.[12] In 1885 the fall of a meteorite in the area during the Andromedids meteor shower attracted scientific attention, although a cometary origin for the meteorite is now considered unlikely and the timing of its fall has been ascribed to coincidence.[13]
In 1907 Gustavo A. Madero set up four factories in the municipality for the extraction of guayule rubber.[8] Guayule from the Mazapil region was also exported to the US for rubber production during World War II.[9]
Administration
Mazapil's municipal government comprises a president, secretary, councillor (Spanish: síndico), and six trustees (regidores).[2] The current president of the municipality is Gregorio Macías Zúñiga.[2]
Demographics
In the 2010 Mexican Census, the municipality of Mazapil recorded a population of 17,813 inhabitants living in 4275 households.[14] It recorded a population of 17,457 inhabitants in the 2015 Intercensal Survey.[4]
There are 175 localities in the municipality,[1] of which only the municipal seat, also called Mazapil, is classified as urban. Located in the northeast corner of the municipality, it recorded a population of 794 inhabitants in the 2010 Census.[3]
Economy
The main economic activities in Mazapil are mining and agriculture.[8]
In 2015, the municipality produced 28,543 kilograms (917,700 ozt) of gold, 942,002 kilograms (30,286,100 ozt) of silver, 15,563 tonnes of copper, 85,334 tonnes of lead and 207,844 tonnes of zinc.[15] Goldcorp's Peñasquito gold mine, Mexico's largest, is located in Mazapil.[16][17] Local communities have protested the mine's activities, citing water overuse and contamination, creation of health problems for locals, and inadequate compensation for workers and landowners.[18][19]
The main crops in Mazapil are corn and beans. Ixtle fiber and candelilla wax are also produced.[20]
References
- 1 2 3 "Sistema Nacional de Información Municipal" (in Spanish). SEGOB. 2010. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
- 1 2 3 "H. Ayuntamiento Mazapil". Government of Mazapil. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "Mazapil: Datos generales". Cédulas de información municipal (in Spanish). SEDESOL. 2013. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
- 1 2 3 Panorama sociodemográfico de Zacatecas 2015 (PDF). INEGI. 2016. p. 66. ISBN 978-607-739-890-5. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
- ↑ "Descarga de Códigos Postales". Catálogo Nacional de Códigos Postales. Mexican Postal Service. 11 January 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
- ↑ In 2003 INAFED reported that Mazapil was Mexico's thirteenth largest municipality by area: "Los Municipios con Mayor y Menor Extensión Territorial". Archived from the original on 17 October 2013. Retrieved 16 January 2018. In 2011, the municipality of Othón P. Blanco in Quintana Roo lost over 7000 km2 of its area after the creation of Bacalar Municipality, so that Mazapil now ranks twelfth.
- 1 2 "Compendio de Información Geográfica Municipal 2010: Mazapil, Zacatecas". INEGI. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
- 1 2 3 4 "Mazapil". Enciclopedia de los Municipios y Delegaciones de México (in Spanish). INAFED. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
- 1 2 Brailovsky Signoret, David; Hernandez, Hector M. (2010). "Mazapil, Zacatecas: Diversity and Conservation of Cacti in a Poorly-Known Arid Region in Northern Mexico". Cactus and Succulent Journal. 82 (5): 197–202. doi:10.2985/015.082.0502.
- ↑ "NORMALES CLIMATOLÓGICAS" (in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. Retrieved 17 January 2017.
- ↑ "Mazapil". Government of Mazapil. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
- ↑ Estado de Zacatecas. División Territorial de 1810 a 1995 (PDF) (in Spanish). Mexico: INEGI. 1996. p. 59. ISBN 970-13-1519-7.
- ↑ Beech, Martin (2002). "The Mazapil meteorite: from paradigm to periphery". Meteoritics & Planetary Science. 37 (5): 649–660. doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.2002.tb00845.x.
- ↑ "Resumen municipal: Municipio de Mazapil". Catálogo de Localidades (in Spanish). SEDESOL. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
- ↑ Cuadro 16.1: Volumen de la producción de minerales seleccionados por municipio 2013, 2014 y 2015 (PDF) (in Spanish). Mexico: INEGI. ISBN 978-607-739-849-3.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ↑ "Peñasquito". Goldcorp. Retrieved 17 January 2018.
- ↑ Jamasmie, Cecilia (13 October 2016). "Goldcorp begins controlled shutdown of Mexico mine, its largest operation". MINING.com. Retrieved 17 January 2018.
- ↑ "Peñasquito, Mexico". MICLA. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
- ↑ "Campesinos se manifiestan contra minera canadiense en Mazapil, Zacatecas" (in Spanish). Ecoosfera. 28 September 2016. Retrieved 17 January 2018.
- ↑ A Technology Assessment of the Commercialization of Mexican Guayule: Final Report (Report). Office of Arid Lands Studies, University of Arizona; Centro de Investigacion en Quimica Aplicada. 1982. pp. 155–156. hdl:10150/304616. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
