Matamau
Matamau and tree stumps in 1880s
Matamau and tree stumps in 1880s
Coordinates: 40°08′28″S 176°09′32″E / 40.141°S 176.159°E / -40.141; 176.159
Country New Zealand
RegionManawatū-Whanganui
Territorial authorityTararua District
WardNorth Tararua Ward
Government
 • Tararua MayorTracey Collis
 • Wairarapa MPMike Butterick
 • Ikaroa-Rāwhiti MPCushla Tangaere-Manuel
Population
 (2018)
 • Total144
Time zoneUTC+12 (NZST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+13 (NZDT)
Postcode
4977

Matamau is a small village, on a ridge between the Matamau and Whakaruatapu Streams, tributaries of the Manawatū River,[1] in the Manawatū-Whanganui region of New Zealand's North Island. State Highway 2 and the Palmerston North–Gisborne line run through the village.[2] It has a rare surviving example of a basic railway station, a cafe, developed from the former post office and store[3] about 1969,[4] and a truck repair workshop.[5] Until the 1870s it was densely forested, but most of the trees were felled and milled by 1910 and replaced by farms.

Name

The area was initially called by the name of the stream to the north, Whakaruatapu.[6] By 1881 it was called Matamau,[7] which an 1888 newspaper report said was from a Māori legend that a chief tried to spear a kererū at Matamau, but the mata or point of his spear got caught up, mau.[6]

History

Matamau was in the 20,600 acres (8,300 ha) Te Ohu Block,[8] which was part of the 183,430 acres (74,230 ha) Seventy Mile Bush, bought by Government for £17,552 on 16 August 1871,[9] from Hohepa Paewai, a chief of the Rangitāne iwi.[10] Research in 1991 estimated that the Government paid under 2s. per acre and sold for over £1.[11] The first settler came in January 1877 and started to open a clearing in the bush.[12]

Matamau had 3 stores in 1903.[13] It had a creamery from at least 1903,[14] which became a cooperative dairy in 1909[15] and was still running in 1941.[16] In 1943 there was also another dairy nearby and a church and a hall just north of Pirimau Rd.[17] The hall opened in 1903,[18] on the site of the hotel,[19] and was demolished in 1976.[20] Just to the south a Presbyterian church was built between January[21] and May 1911.[22] It closed in the 1970s.[23] St Michaels and All Angels Anglican church was on the other side of the main road, on O'Kane Rd, from later in 1911[24] to 1994.[25] Its small bell-tower remains at Weber,[26] where it was moved in 2003.[27]

Matamau Viaduct about 1887 with a J class locomotive and train

Population

By 1886 Matamau had a population of 56,[28] which had increased to 283 by 1916.[29] It had almost halved by the 2018 census to 144 (18 Māori, 117 European) in meshblock 7018799, which covers 63.6 km2 (24.6 sq mi) around Matamau. They had a median age of 44.9, rather older than 37.4 nationally. Their median income was $31,700, just below $31,800 nationally.[30]

Matamau railway station
Matamau in 1904
General information
Elevation309 m (1,014 ft)
Owned byKiwiRail
Line(s)Palmerston North–Gisborne Line
DistancePalmerston North 66.1 km (41.1 mi)
History
Opened23 June 1884
Closed27 September 1981
Services
Preceding station   Historical railways   Following station
Piripiri
Line open,
station closed
5.3 km (3.3 mi)		   Palmerston North–Gisborne Line
KiwiRail		   Makotuku
Line open,
station closed
6.75 km (4.19 mi)

Timber mills

J Mortensen leased the bush as far as Piripiri in 1885 and set up a sawmills at Matamau[31] (near the station),[32] Piripiri and Mangatera, in over 11,000 acres (4,500 ha) of the Seventy Mile Bush,[33] to cut totara, mataī, rimu and kahikatea.[34] By 1888 there were sections of 1 to 14 acres (5.7 ha) with 30 to 40 families[6] Mortensen's Piripiri mill was sold in 1895.[35] 1885 Application by K T Mortensen for a private siding at Matamau. Tanner & Mortenson had a siding,, almost 2 miles south of the station, from 1885 for 10 years.[36] 1886 H Smith's application for an extension of his private siding. In 1898 Anderson & Jacobsen's sawmill caught fire.[37] In 1899 Bosher Bros of Feilding put a sawmill on France Rd,[38] in the Te Ohu block, near Matamau, after buying Gamman and Simmond's lease of 1250 acres.[39] 1900 Feilding Sash & Door opened mill.[40] Anderson & Jacobsen and Palmerston North Sash Door & Timber Co had sidings just to the north for 5 years from 1900.[41] Palmerston North Sash & Door Co mill burnt down in 1903.[42]

School

Matamau School, at the south end of the village,[43] opened on 27 July 1887.[44] Approval to rebuild the school was given in 1936[45] and it reopened on 27 March 1937.[46] It closed on 29 November 2003,[47] when it merged into Norsewood School.[48]

State Highway 2

Before the purchase of Seventy Mile Bush was complete, Government was advertising contracts to clear a 66 ft (20 m) wide strip through it, for what is now SH2, from Takapau to Manawatū Gorge.[49] The road from Piripiri, north to Whakaruatapu was metalled in 1881.[50] It was designated as a Main Highway in 1924.[51] Between 1925 and 1930 the bridge over the Mangatewainui River was sealed,[52] rebuilt in concrete and realigned, at a cost of about 12,000.[53][54] Sealing along the rest of the road began in 1937.[55] Part of Matamau's cemetery (opened in 1890)[56] was moved in 1957, when the road was realigned through a cutting.[57] The annual average daily traffic count of 1,100 in 1938,[58] rose to 4,967 by 2021.[59]

Matamau railway station

About a kilometre away, on the other side of the Matamau Stream valley,[43] Matamau railway station opened in 1884 and closed on 27 September 1981.[60] It is a rare surviving example of a small rural station building[61] and the highest station on the Palmerston North-Gisborne Line[62] at 309 m (1,014 ft).[63] The climb to Matamau is on a gradient of 1 in 47.[64] For almost 6 months it was the southern terminus of the 71 mi 58 ch (115.4 km) line from Napier. When completed on 9 Mar 1891, the line extended to Palmerston North, then 40 mi 11 ch (64.6 km) away.[65]

Matamau Hotel opened in October 1881.[66] From February 1885, due to loss of its license, it was moved to Mangatera,[67] opening there in May 1885.[68]

Matamau Post Office opened in 1883,[69] closed in March 1885,[70] and from 1886 to 1909 was at the station, staffed by a ganger.[65]

1884 Matamau timetable

Plans for the station were drawn up in 1883 and for an engine shed in 1884.[65] The 1884 shelter shed has a corrugated-iron roof, board-and-batten cladding, and a central entrance. It is one of three Vogel class 7 stations remaining,[71] the others being at Ruru and Otikerama.[72] By 1896 there was also a platform, urinals and a 22 wagon passing loop, extended for 80 wagons in 1940. Later additions were a tablet office, between 1911 and 1914, a ticket office in it in 1915,[70] railway houses in 1920, a loading bank in 1927[65] and, in 1949, a parcels shed, formerly the Makotuku lamp room.[71]

In 1887[73] and 1896 trains were derailed by bullocks.[74] A collision between Matamau and Piripiri in 1906 derailed both engines.[75]

On 8 February 1985 a train derailed, causing much damage to the track, after which the station siding was removed.[65]

In 1967, Matamau was converted to a switch-out tablet station and its staff reduced from 3 to one.[70] About 1988 the platform was removed.[65] Ormondville Rail Preservation Group has restored the station.[70] A single track runs by the station.[76]

Opening to Matamau

By 1879 Kopua and Makatoko viaducts had been completed, except for ballasting and Ormondville Viaduct had been begun. 3 mi (4.8 km) of the line through Matamau was surveyed, ready for felling of the dense bush, and south to Oringi, another 10 mi (16 km) was being surveyed. Beyond Oringi the line was being explored and contoured.[77]

The 4 mi 22 ch (6.9 km) extension south, from Makotuku to Matamau, took 5 years to build.[78] In 1879 the line was surveyed to 7 mi (11 km) south of Kopua.[79] That was followed by bush felling south of Makotuku.[80] Construction stopped shortly after the line reached Makotuku, in August 1880, due to the depression. Work resumed in late 1881,[70] but there were deep cuttings and a large viaduct to build.[81] In 1882 a road was cut through the bush to link the railway station to the main road.[82] The final 1 mi 22 ch (2.1 km) to Matamau was divided into 9 contracts in 1883 to allow local settlers to tender for the work of forming the railway.[83] In February 1884, after a public meeting protested at the slow progress,[84] the Minister of Public Works promised the local MP, William Cowper Smith, that a daily train would run to Matamau, as soon as the tracks and station were built,[85] which was on Monday, 23 June 1884,[86][78] though it wasn't taken over by the Railways Department until Tuesday, 9 September 1884.[65]

Extension south

On 8 June 1883 Jay and Haynes took on a £13,615 contract to build the 8+1⁄4 mi (13.3 km) extension south from Matamau to Tahoraite (or Tahoraiti, later renamed Tapuata). When they went bankrupt, the work was taken on by the Public Works Department.[87] On 1 December 1884 the 7 mi 43 ch (12.1 km) Matamau to Tahoraiti section opened for traffic and Matamau was no longer the southern terminus of the line.[78] However, it wasn't until 16 December that the line was opened with a special excursion train.[88]

Matamau viaduct
In 1910 the new steel viaduct was being tested by 3 locomotives at speed. The old, lower, timber viaduct is behind
Coordinates40°08′31″S 176°09′32″E / 40.142°S 176.159°E / -40.142; 176.159
CrossesMangatewainui River
Other name(s)Mangatewainui viaduct
OwnerKiwiRail
Characteristics
MaterialSteel
Total length111 metres (364 ft)
Height30 metres (98 ft)
No. of spans7
History
Constructed byMassey Bros
Built1884
Rebuilt1910
Location

Matamau Viaduct

There are 6 large viaducts on the 24.57 km (15.27 mi) between Kopua and Dannevirke, including Matamau Viaduct.[89] Mangatewainui, Mangate Wainui, or Matamau Viaduct, over the Mangatewainui River, is 111 m (364 ft) long and up to 30 m (98 ft) high.[63] It is now Bridge 151, about 3 km (1.9 mi) east of Matamau station.[76] The original timber viaduct cost about £8,000[88] and 3 workers died during its construction.[90]

Massey Bros (Auckland engineers from 1901[91] to 1913[92] and sons of an engineer)[93] won a £5,692 contract for the steelwork for a replacement viaduct in 1908.[94] Under the management of M Forsyth,[95][96] the work was completed in July 1910.[97][98]

Te Ohu

Te Ohu, 62 ch (1.2 km) east of Matamau, had a 13-wagon siding for the Sash & Door Co sawmill. There was a fire at the mill in 1903.[99] Sash & Door built a tramway in 1904.[100] The siding was renamed Te Ohu from 23 May 1905. The siding was reported as taken up in 1911,[101] but that may have been just for reconstruction of the viaduct, as the sawmill's tramway horses weren't sold until 1921.[102]

Rakaiatai Siding

Rakaiatai Siding was 1 mi 69 ch (3.0 km) east of Te Ohu and 1 mi 45 ch (2.5 km) west of Makotuku. It was used for taking timber out of the bush from about November 1904. It was Scholes & Wright's Siding until 1905.[60] By 1906 it had a loop for 10 wagons, extended to 45 by 1911. On 13 January 1908 the siding, a wagon[65] and Gamman's mill and houses burnt down.[103] Waikopiro Timber Company took over the siding[104] and laid a tramway.[105] Mr Scholes was still using a tramway to the siding in early 1914,[106] but the siding had been taken up by 8 July 1914.[65]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Whakaruatapu Stream, Manawatu-Wanganui". NZ Topo Map. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
  2. ↑ "Matamau, Manawatu-Wanganui". NZ Topo Map. Retrieved 6 October 2021.
  3. ↑ "Matamau School - Joseph Edward Day - Postmaster 1st November 1948 to 31st October 1957". www.facebook.com. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
  4. ↑ "Maps and plans | Matamau Store - Approved Site Development". archivescentral.org.nz. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
  5. ↑ "Matamau". Google Maps. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
  6. 1 2 3 "MATAMAU. BUSH ADVOCATE". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 15 September 1888. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
  7. ↑ "DAILY TELEGRAPH". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 23 April 1881. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
  8. ↑ "PAPERS RELATING TO THE PURCHASE OF THE SEVENTY-MILE BUSH BLOCK". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 1871. Retrieved 10 October 2021.
  9. ↑ "Statement showing area of lands purchased and leased (transactions complete and incomplete), with expenditure thereon, under the Immigration and Public Works Acts of 1870 and 1873". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 1874. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
  10. ↑ "Rangitāne historian recalls 'visionary' Tararua chief on Waitangi Day". Stuff. 5 February 2020. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
  11. ↑ Paul Goldsmith (February 1996). "RANGAHAUA WHANUI DISTRICT llA" (PDF). Waitangi Tribunal.
  12. ↑ "Our Bush Settlements. WAIPAWA MAIL". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 15 January 1887. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
  13. ↑ "A Pleasant Outing. BUSH ADVOCATE". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 14 April 1903. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
  14. ↑ "BUSH ADVOCATE". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 5 January 1904. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
  15. ↑ "THE DAIRY INDUSTRY. BUSH ADVOCATE". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 25 February 1909. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
  16. ↑ "FARMERS' UNION. MANAWATU STANDARD". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 15 March 1941. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
  17. ↑ "1:63360 map Sheet: N145 Dannevirke". www.mapspast.org.nz. 1943. Retrieved 10 October 2021.
  18. ↑ "DANNEVIRKE. HAWKE'S BAY HERALD". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 21 December 1903. Retrieved 12 October 2021.
  19. ↑ "Matamau School - Page 27". www.facebook.com. 13 August 2017. Retrieved 12 October 2021.
  20. ↑ "Matamau School - Page 15". www.facebook.com. Retrieved 12 October 2021.
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  25. ↑ "Dannevirke Museum - From the Dannevirke Evening News 5/9/1994. St Michael and All Angels Matamau Church". www.facebook.com. 5 June 2018. Retrieved 12 October 2021.
  26. ↑ "3329 Weber Rd". Google Maps. Retrieved 12 October 2021.
  27. ↑ "Moving the Belfry from Matamau School to the Church at Weber. December 2003". www.facebook.com. 2 September 2018. Retrieved 12 October 2021.
  28. ↑ "RESULTS OF A CENSUS OF THE COLONY OF NEW ZEALAND taken for the night of the 28th March 1886".
  29. ↑ "REPORT ON THE RESULTS OF A CENSUS OF THE POPULATION OF THE DOMINION OF NEW ZEALAND TAKEN FOR THE NIGHT OF THE 15th OCTOBER, 1916". www3.stats.govt.nz. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
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  33. ↑ "WELLINGTON-MANAWATU LINE. WOODVILLE EXAMINER". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 23 July 1894. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
  34. ↑ "HAWKE'S BAY HERALD". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 31 March 1894. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
  35. ↑ "DAILY TELEGRAPH". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 28 January 1895. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
  36. ↑ "ANNUAL REPORT ON WORKING RAILWAYS. APPENDIX TO THE JOURNALS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, 1888". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
  37. ↑ "LOCAL AND GENERAL. HASTINGS STANDARD". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 8 February 1898. Retrieved 6 October 2021.
  38. ↑ "Matamau School - Page 12". www.facebook.com. 13 August 2017. Retrieved 12 October 2021.
  39. ↑ "HAWKE'S BAY HERALD". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 23 March 1899. Retrieved 4 October 2021.
  40. ↑ "FEILDING AND DISTRICT. MANAWATU STANDARD". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 13 May 1937. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  41. ↑ "RAILWAYS STATEMENT. (4th September, 1901.) BY THE MINISTER FOR RAILWAYS, THE HON. SIR J.G. WARD". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
  42. ↑ "Bush Fires. BUSH ADVOCATE". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 18 March 1903. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  43. 1 2 "Map of the village of Matamau : block X Norsewood Survey District, Waipawa County, Hawkes Bay N.Z. / surveyed by Walter Hallett ; drawn by G. Duncan". National Library. Retrieved 4 October 2021.
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  45. ↑ "SCHOOL IMPROVEMENTS. POVERTY BAY HERALD". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 22 August 1936. Retrieved 12 October 2021.
  46. ↑ "Matamau School This is the current building (extended in 1956). In use as a School from 1937 to 2003". www.facebook.com. 15 August 2018. Retrieved 12 October 2021.
  47. ↑ "Matamau School". Facebook. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
  48. ↑ "Merger of Awariki School (2545), Norsewood School (2622), Ormondville School (2632) and Matamau School (2610)". New Zealand Gazette. 28 August 2003.
  49. ↑ "HAWKE'S BAY TIMES". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 11 January 1871. Retrieved 8 October 2021.
  50. ↑ "WAIPAWA MAIL". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 19 January 1881. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
  51. ↑ "MAIN HIGHWAYS. WAIPAWA MAIL". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 8 February 1924. Retrieved 8 October 2021.
  52. ↑ "MAIN HIGHWAYS. MANAWATU STANDARD". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 12 October 1929. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
  53. ↑ "MANAWATU STANDARD". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 5 August 1930. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
  54. ↑ "POVERTY BAY HERALD". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 24 December 1925. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
  55. ↑ "PUBLIC WORKS STATEMENT (BY THE HON. R. SEMPLE". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 1937. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
  56. ↑ "Matamau School - Page 14". www.facebook.com. Retrieved 12 October 2021.
  57. ↑ Elizabeth Pishief (3 July 2006). "Relocation of Matamau Cemetery, Hawke's Bay" (PDF).
  58. ↑ "PUBLIC WORKS STATEMENT (BY THE HON. R. SEMPLE, MINISTER OF PUBLIC WORKS)". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 1938. Retrieved 11 October 2021.
  59. ↑ "State highway traffic monitoring – annual average daily traffic". maphub.nzta.govt.nz. Retrieved 10 October 2021.
  60. 1 2 Names & Opening & Closing Dates of Railway Stations in New Zealand by Juliet Scoble (2012)
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  62. ↑ Wheeler, Thomas S (1994). "All Aboard the Train" (PDF).
  63. 1 2 New Zealand Railway and Tramway Atlas (First ed.). Quail Map Co. 1965. pp. 3 & 4.
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  65. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Station Archive". NZR Rolling Stock Lists. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
  66. ↑ "HAWKE'S BAY HERALD". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 4 October 1881. Retrieved 12 October 2021.
  67. ↑ "HAWKE'S BAY HERALD". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 2 January 1885. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
  68. ↑ "DANEVIRKE. WAIPAWA MAIL". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 26 May 1885. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
  69. ↑ "WAIPAWA MAIL". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 10 April 1883. Retrieved 17 April 2022.
  70. 1 2 3 4 5 "Matamau Station". Ormondville Rail Preservation Group. Retrieved 21 July 2021.
  71. 1 2 "Rail Heritage Trust of New Zealand - Matamau Station". railheritage.org.nz. Retrieved 21 July 2021.
  72. ↑ "Rail Heritage Trust of New Zealand - STATIONS & ASSOCIATED BUILDINGS". railheritage.org.nz. Retrieved 14 April 2022.
  73. ↑ "Accident on Napier Woodville Railway FEILDING STAR". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 14 June 1887. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
  74. ↑ "Railway Accident. WOODVILLE EXAMINER". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 17 April 1896. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  75. ↑ "Serious Railway Smash. WOODVILLE EXAMINER". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 3 January 1906. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  76. 1 2 "KiwiRail Network Map". kiwirail.maps.arcgis.com. November 2018. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
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  78. 1 2 3 "PUBLIC WORKS STATEMENT BY THE HON. W. HALL-JONES, MINISTER FOR PUBLIC WORKS 27th SEPTEMBER, 1898". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 7 October 2021.
  79. ↑ "KOPUA. WAIPAWA MAIL". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 5 April 1879. Retrieved 23 September 2021.
  80. ↑ "HAWKE'S BAY HERALD". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 24 September 1879. Retrieved 23 September 2021.
  81. ↑ "EXTENSION OF THE RAILWAY. WAIPAWA MAIL". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 27 June 1884. Retrieved 10 October 2021.
  82. ↑ "WAIPAWA MAIL". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 26 April 1882. Retrieved 6 October 2021.
  83. ↑ "DAILY TELEGRAPH". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 6 February 1883. Retrieved 6 October 2021.
  84. ↑ "THE RAILWAY SURVEYS. WOODVILLE EXAMINER". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 5 February 1884. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
  85. ↑ "WAIPAWA. HAWKE'S BAY HERALD". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 11 February 1884. Retrieved 10 October 2021.
  86. ↑ "HAWKE'S BAY HERALD". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 23 June 1884. Retrieved 10 October 2021.
  87. ↑ "IN BANKRUPTCY. WOODVILLE EXAMINER". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 16 September 1884. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
  88. 1 2 "OPENING OF THE RAILWAY TO TAHORAITE. DAILY TELEGRAPH". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 16 December 1884. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
  89. ↑ "KiwiRail Network Map". kiwirail.maps.arcgis.com. November 2018. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
  90. ↑ "TELEGRAMS. (UNITED PRESS ASSOCIATION.) EVENING POST". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 11 January 1883. Retrieved 17 April 2022.
  91. ↑ "AUCKLAND STAR". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 1 November 1901. Retrieved 11 October 2021.
  92. ↑ "MR. WALLACE J. MASSEY. AUCKLAND STAR". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 24 April 1936. Retrieved 11 October 2021.
  93. ↑ "SOCIAL AND PERSONAL. DOMINION". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 13 March 1919. Retrieved 12 October 2021.
  94. ↑ "EVENING POST". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 14 August 1908. Retrieved 11 October 2021.
  95. ↑ "Local and General. KAWHIA SETTLER AND RAGLAN ADVERTISER". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 19 November 1909. Retrieved 12 October 2021.
  96. ↑ "DISTRICT PARS. KING COUNTRY CHRONICLE". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 22 November 1909. Retrieved 12 October 2021.
  97. ↑ "COUNTRY CORRESPONDENCE. BUSH ADVOCATE". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 20 June 1910. Retrieved 11 October 2021.
  98. ↑ "RAILWAYS STATEMENT. BY THE MINISTER OF RAILWAYS. THE HON. J. A. MILLAR". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 1911. Retrieved 11 October 2021.
  99. ↑ "MANAWATU TIMES". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 18 March 1903. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
  100. ↑ "Tenders Close. BUSH ADVOCATE". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 23 August 1904. Retrieved 4 October 2021.
  101. ↑ "COUNTRY CORRESPONDENCE. BUSH ADVOCATE". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 25 January 1911. Retrieved 11 October 2021.
  102. ↑ "MANAWATU TIMES". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 20 January 1921. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
  103. ↑ "THE CONDITION OF THE COUNTRY. MANAWATU STANDARD". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 18 January 1908. Retrieved 7 October 2021.
  104. ↑ "ITEMS OF INTEREST. BUSH ADVOCATE". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 25 August 1908. Retrieved 10 October 2021.
  105. ↑ "BUSH ADVOCATE". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 6 October 1908. Retrieved 10 October 2021.
  106. ↑ "MOKOTUKU. HASTINGS STANDARD". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 10 February 1914. Retrieved 10 October 2021.

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