Mary "Indian Mary" Peters
Bornc. 1852
Josephine County, Oregon, U.S.
Died1921
Salem, Oregon, U.S.[1]
Occupationferry operator
Children5 (13 according to 1910 census) [2]

Mary Peters (c. 1852–1921) was an Umpqua woman who operated a ferry across the Rogue River.[3]

Life

Peters's father, known as Umpqua Joe, was a member of the Grave Creek band of the Umpqua people who was known for warning settlers and miners in the Grants Pass area of an impending attack from local Indians in 1855. Peters's father was reportedly allowed to stay on his land after the end of the Rogue River Wars rather than be removed to a reservation.[4] Mary Peters, popularly known as "Indian Mary" – not to be confused with a different Native American woman also living in Oregon during the same period (Kalliah Tumulth, a Watlala Chinook) and also known as "Indian Mary"[5] – lived on the land where her father had operated a ferry to transport miners and supplies in Southern Oregon until his death on November 13, 1886. After his death, Peters applied for a claim for the land under the Dawes Act, also known as the "Indian Homestead Act."[6] Eight years later, she received a little more than 72 acres. Her 25-year land deed has often been described as the smallest Indian reservation in the United States.[6][7][8] In 1958, the land was converted by Josephine County to Indian Mary Park, named after Peters.[9][7][10]

She continued to operate her father's ferry business after his death. In 1894 she leased the ferry to William Massie and moved with her two surviving daughters to Grants Pass.[4][11] She moved to Salem in 1920 to be near her daughters.[11] Peters died in 1921 and is buried in Salem's City View Cemetery.[2]

Legacy

The papers of Mary Peters and her daughters, Rosetta Farlow and Lillian Fairfield, are housed in the Siletz Tribal Cultural Collections in Siletz, Oregon.[11]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Mary "Indian Mary" Peters". www.findagrave.com. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
  2. 1 2 "'Indian Mary' left her mark on region's history". Mail Tribune. Medford, Oregon. June 13, 2013. Retrieved June 26, 2016.
  3. ↑ Booth, Percy T. (1975). The Legend of Indian Mary and Umpqua Joe. B&B Publishing. ISBN 1885813015.
  4. 1 2 Query, Charles Floyd (2008). A History of Oregon Ferries since 1826. chuck query. p. 23.
  5. ↑ Chuck Williams. "Kalliah Tumulth (Indian Mary) (1854-1906)". The Oregon Encyclopedia.
  6. 1 2 "Rogue Web". www.rogueweb.com. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
  7. 1 2 "Grants Pass". www.visitgrantspass.org. Archived from the original on 2 February 2015. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
  8. ↑ "Merlin & Galice". southernoregon.com. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
  9. ↑ "Indian Mary Park on the Rogue River in Southern Oregon". www.rogueweb.com. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
  10. ↑ Richard, Terry (21 May 2008). "Check out Indian Mary for a hot day and a cool night's camp on the Rogue River". blog.oregonlive.com. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
  11. 1 2 3 "Guide to the Mary Peters Papers". nwda.orbiscascade.org. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
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