Close up of the seat of a wooden chair, embroidered with the coat of arms of the Martineau family
Martineau coat of arms embroidered into seat of chair belonging to John Edmund Martineau

The Martineau family is an intellectual, business and political dynasty associated first with Norwich and later also London and Birmingham, England. Many members of the family have been knighted. Many family members were prominent Unitarians; a room in London's Essex Hall, the headquarters building of the British Unitarians, was named after them. Martineau Place in Birmingham's central business district was named in their honour.[1]

Harriet Martineau (1802–1876), the sociologist and abolitionist, is the family's most celebrated member.

In Birmingham, several of its members have been Lord Mayor. They worshipped at the Church of the Messiah.[2] As Unitarian, they married into families of the same denomination, such as the Kenricks and the Chamberlains,[3] though Harriet eventually became an atheist in contrast to her brother, the religious philosopher James Martineau. Several of the Martineaus are buried in Key Hill Cemetery Birmingham, either in the family vault or separately.[4]

Huguenot beginnings

Norwich Maître Chirurgien (Master Surgeon), David Martineau II[5][6]

The Martineaus came from a Huguenot immigrant background, and were noted in the medical, intellectual and business fields.[7] In France, the family had registered their Arms: 'Azure three towers Argent'.[8] Gaston Martineau (c. 1654 – 1726), a surgeon in Dieppe, moved to Norwich after the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685; the edict had allowed French Protestants freedom of religion and the Huguenots left France for safety.[9]

French nobility heritage

Initially Calvinist dissenters, Gaston and his wife raised their children to be bilingual in French and English.[10] Gaston's father, Elie, was the first cousin of Pierre Martineau, Sieur du Port (Lord of the Port, 1659–1699), conseiller et avocat (advisor and lawyer) to King Louis XIV.[11][12][13] Gaston's grandson, David Martineau II (1726–1768), was the third generation of master surgeons (Maître Chirurgien), and had five sons who made up the male line of Martineaus. David and his wife were buried in St Mary the Less, Norwich (l'Église Protestante Française de Norwich) where a mural tablet commemorates his "eminence in his skill as a Surgeon" and his wife, Dame Sarah Martineau, who was "distinguished for sound judgement, warm affection and fervent piety". Their eldest son, surgeon Philip Meadows Martineau, of Bracondale Estate was an active member of the French community in Norwich - he was Deacon of the city's French Congregation -[14] and lived in Paris for some time. A member of the Royal Society[15] and the Medical and Chirurgical Society of London, Martineau was spoken of in Paris as "le lithotomiste le plus éminent et le plus heureux de son époque".[16][17][18][6][19][20][21]

By the fourth generation the family was divided into Unitarians and Anglicans, the latter including Arthur Martineau (1806–1872), a Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge University and Prebendary of St Paul's Cathedral. Arthur's wife was the Hon. Anne (daughter of Sir Edward O'Brien, 4th Baronet) who, in 1862, was granted the rank of a Baron's daughter. Arthur was the great-grandson of David Martineau II.[22][23][24]

Philip Meadows Martineau and family

Philip Meadows Martineau, Esq., Lord of the Manor of Carrow (died 1829)[25] by Sir William Beechey
Bracondale Hall surrounded by Martineau's Wood,[26] painted by David Hodgson
1833 - Basing Park, Seat of Joseph Martineau, Esq.

The eldest of the five sons of David Martineau II and Sarah Meadows (1725–1800) was Philip Meadows Martineau (1752–1829). A surgeon, Martineau was "one of the most distinguished lithotomists of his day".[27][28] Apprenticed to the surgeon William Donne, who was noted for skill in lithotomy, he studied medicine at several universities. After Edinburgh University in 1773, "in 1775 he passed through London for a turn of 12 months".[29] He then returned in 1777 to Norwich to become Donne's partner, and carried on his speciality. Henry Herbert Southey was his student.[30] He had one daughter. Martineau and friends set up the Norfolk and Norwich Trienniel Festival to raise money for the Norfolk and Norwich Hospital.[31]

The Martineau and Taylor families were "at the head of the Whig party in Norwich"[32] and by the 1780s, Philip's first cousin, poet and composer John Taylor (1750–1826) was hosting radical parties at his home in Norwich which Philip's family attended, including his mother Sarah, to whom John Taylor, her nephew, was "much attached". A number of other Norwich Whig "worthies" attended these events. By 1784, the two cousins, Philip and John, had established the Norwich City Library and the annual reunion of the Martineau and Taylor families which continued well into the 1850s.[33][34][35][36]

Martineau was a medical colleague and friend of Dr Sylas Neville. The two men and their families accompanied Martineau's cousin John Taylor to a great banquet at Holkham Hall on the night of 5 November 1788 celebrating the Glorious Revolution of 1688. Their host was Thomas Coke, 1st Earl of Leicester who encouraged John to sing the song he had written for the occasion – The Triumph of Liberty. Over 500 guests were invited to the event, almost all of whom, including invitee the Prince of Wales were "Whig elites".[37][38][39][40]

Having purchased the Bracondale Woods on the outskirts of Norwich in 1793,[41] in 1811 he acquired the adjacent property of Carrow Abbey.[42] By around 1797 he had built Bracondale Hall,[43] described in 1847 as a "handsome mansion with pleasure grounds delightfully laid out" by Humphry Repton who had also designed the gardens of Holkham Hall, owned by Martineau's friend, Thomas Coke, 1st Earl of Leicester.[20][44][45] From the ruins of Carrow Abbey, Martineau also constructed on his estate a "small gothic priory with windows of ancient stained glass".[46] By 1879, this estate, including the Manor of Carrow, had been sold following the death of Martineau's unmarried daughter Frances Anne.[25]

The second son, David Martineau (1754–1840), had four sons and six daughters and the third, Peter Finch Martineau (1755–1847), had four sons and two daughters. The fourth son, John Martineau of Stamford Hill, had 14 children, including John Martineau the engineer and Joseph Martineau (1786–1863) whose wife Caroline (née Parry) was presented to King George IV in May 1824 at St James Palace. The fifth son, Thomas, is mentioned below.[47][48][49]

Thomas Martineau and family

Thomas Martineau (1764–1826), a manufacturer of textiles, was the fifth son of David Martineau II and Sarah Meadows, whose siblings, according to Burke's Landed Gentry, were Margaret (1718–1781, mother of John Taylor) and Philip Meadows (1719–1783), solicitor and Lord of the Manor of Diss, Norfolk. On 13 January 1855, the Examiner reported that the siblings' "collateral ancestor was Sir Philip Meadows, the ambassador of Oliver Cromwell".[50][51][52][53][54]

Thomas grew up in Norwich, attending family friend Mrs Barbauld's school, the Palgrave Academy in Suffolk, as did his first cousin John Taylor.[55][56] A "reading man" himself, in Martineau's family "there was always discussions about books and ideas". Thomas Martineau and John Taylor were deacons of Norwich's Unitarian church, the Octagon Chapel, from 1797.[57][58] Alongside John Taylor, Martineau and his two brothers, Philip Meadows and David, are recorded in 1819 as being commissioners for the "City and County of the City of Norwich".[59] Both Thomas Martineau and John Taylor were benefactors of Harris Manchester College, Oxford University, when the college was in York, and proprietors of the Bow Gas Company, which obtained their Act of Parliament on the 1st of May, 1821, but had run into questionable financial circumstances by 1823.[60][61][62][63]

Thomas married Elizabeth Rankin (8 October 1772 – 26 August 1848) in 1793. Elizabeth had her portrait painted a year before her death by a member of the Bonham Carter family.[64]

Gurney Court - "Martineau House" - in Magdalen Street, Norwich, was home to Thomas Martineau from the 1790s.

By the 1790s, Thomas had acquired the leasehold of Gurney Court in Magdalen Street, Norwich. His older children, including Robert (1798–1870) and Harriet, were born at Gurney Court, which was owned by the Gurney family. The two Nonconformist Norwich families were close and would eventually intermarry with the marriage, in 1879, of Frances Julia Martineau (1853–1931) – Peter Finch Martineau's great-granddaughter – to the Rev. Joseph John Gurney (1848–1890) of Earlham Hall, the Gurney's family seat. Joseph John Gurney later lived at Bracondale Hall, once the home of Thomas' brother, Philip Meadows Martineau.[65][66][67][68][69]

It was at Thomas's home - "commemoratively known as Martineau House" - that literary illustrissimo including Amelia Opie and Anna Letitia Barbauld were entertained.[70] Thomas' finances and investments remained viable until around 1825–26, when, in the Panic of 1825, the stock market and banking system collapsed.[71][72] Thomas died on 21 June 1826 and is buried at Rosary Cemetery,[73] the first non-denominational burial ground in the United Kingdom.

Thomas and Elizabeth had eight children. Thomas and Elizabeth Martineau's eldest child was a daughter, Elizabeth (1794–1850), who married Dr Thomas Greenhow, a reforming doctor in Newcastle, co-founder of the city's eye infirmary.[74][75] The Greenhows' daughter Frances married into the Lupton family of Leeds. Frances was an educationalist and worked to expand educational opportunities for girls. Honouring the Martineau lineage, Frances' eldest son was named Francis Martineau Lupton (1848-1921) whose great-grandson was Stephen Martineau Middleton (born 1945).[76][77]

Thomas and Elizabeths Martineau's eldest son was Thomas (1795–1824), a surgeon who co-founded the Norfolk and Norwich Eye Infirmary, which later became part of the Norfolk and Norwich Hospital.[78]

Another son, Robert (1798–1870), became a magistrate, town councillor and then Mayor of Birmingham in 1846. He married Jane Smith (died 1874).[79] He hired John Barnsley to build a mansion in Edgbaston, with a large wing for his mother, who lived there till her death in 1848, and another for his own family. Barnsley had already built most of Birmingham's grand Victorian and Edwardian public buildings.[80]

Their best known child was their sixth, Harriet (1802–1876), the political author and a pioneer sociologist. She sometimes stayed with her widowed mother and her brother Robert, including during his mayoral tenure.[81] The three of them, and other members of the family, are buried together in the Martineau vault at the Key Hill Cemetery, Birmingham.

Their seventh child, James (1805–1900), was a religious philosopher and a professor at Manchester New College. He was a guest teacher in Liverpool, where his sister, Rachel (1800–1876), ran a private girls' school which was attended by Elizabeth Gaskell's daughters.[82][83] James's daughter was the watercolourist Edith Martineau (1842–1909).

Sir Thomas Martineau and family

Politician Sir Thomas Martineau (1828–1893), painted by Frank Holl, was the uncle (by marriage) of Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain.

Sir Thomas Martineau (4 November 1828 – 28 July 1893) was the son of Robert, Mayor of Birmingham (1846–1847) and Jane Martineau.[84] Five successive generations have served as Mayors of the city since the mid 19th century.[85] born on the family estate on Bristol Road, now Martineau Gardens, Birmingham. A solicitor, he married Emily Kenrick (1838–1899), whose family was also part of Liberal Birmingham politics. Emily was the sister of Florence (1847–1875), whose marriage to Joseph Chamberlain bore a son, Neville, who became prime minister.[86] Emily was also the cousin of William Kenrick MP.

Joseph Chamberlain was then the leader of the Liberal Unionists, and with his assistance Sir Thomas was instrumental in getting the Welsh Water Bill through Parliament and getting Birmingham made an assizes town.[87][88][89] Like his father, Sir Thomas was also Mayor of Birmingham, holding office from 1884 to 1887, the year Queen Victoria was received by him when opening Birmingham's Victoria Law Courts. He was subsequently invited in 1887 to Windsor Castle, where he was knighted by the Queen.[90] Sir Thomas thanked the Prince of Wales - "I have to thank your Royal Highness for drinking my health" - on the occasion of the opening of the Birmingham Law Courts in 1891. Lady Martineau and the Princess of Wales were also guests.[91]

Sir Thomas, his wife Lady Martineau and his cousins, including Francis Martineau Lupton and David Martineau (1827-1911), president of the British and Foreign Unitarian Association,[92] were, as Nonconformists, generous benefactors of Harris Manchester College, Oxford University of which, in 1893, Thomas's uncle James Martineau, was vice-president.[93] Second cousins Francis Martineau Lupton and David Martineau sent their daughters - Olive Middleton (née Lupton) and spinster sisters Lucy Martineau (1869-1952) and artist Sarah Madeline Martineau (1872-1972) respectively - to board at Roedean which was initially favoured by wealthy Nonconformists.[94][95][96]


Sir Thomas Martienau died on 28 July 1893 and is buried alongside his family at Key Hill Cemetery.[97] Colonel Ernest Martineau (1861–1952), son of Sir Thomas, was Lord Mayor of Birmingham between 1912 and 1914; his first cousin, Neville Chamberlain, replacing him in this role in 1915.[98][99][100]

Robert Francis (16 May 1831 – 15 December 1909), brother of Sir Thomas, was an alderman, secretary of the Birmingham and Midland Institute, chairman of the Technical School committee and trustee to Mason Science College which was attended by Philip Edgar Martineau (1859–1939), a founder of the Assistant Masters' Association and the son of Robert's second cousin, Francis Edgar Martineau (1828–1893).[101][102] Robert was then a member of the council of Mason's successor institution, the University of Birmingham. Robert and his family were the third generation of Martineaus to live at Highfield Road, Kings Norton, Edgbaston.[103]

Sir William Martineau and family

Sir William Martineau

Sir William Martineau (1866–1950) and Maurice Richard Martineau (1870–1943) were third cousins, being the great-great-grandsons of David Martineau II (1726–1768). Both were involved in the family brewing firms and studied at Clare College, Cambridge University in the 1880s. Sir William had previously studied at Uppingham and Maurice at Eton which his son, John Edmund Martineau, also attended. Sir William's early business life was spent in the family sugar refinery in London. After it was closed in 1895, he started a company for the manufacture of brewers' sugar. He was a Justice of the Peace and lived at Kincraig Castle, Ross-shire, Scotland at which he carried out much work. In 1947, he accompanied the Queen Mother and her daughter Princess Elizabeth on a tour to South Africa.[104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111]

Sir Philip Hubert Martineau and family

Son of Hubert Martineau (1821–1890) and great-great-grandson of David Martineau II, Philip was born in London in 1862 and was knighted in 1933 for his work as president of the Law Society of England and Wales. He was educated at Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge University. He was also a cricketer who played for Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). He married Alive Vaughan-Williams (1865–1956) in 1888. An author, Lady Martineau published books on garden design. Sir Philip died in 1944. Their son, Hubert (1891–1976) was also a cricketer and organiser of his own team. He attended Eton.[112][113][114][115][116][117]

National and international interests

The intermarried Martineau and Lupton clan counted many aldermen and lord mayors, in both Birmingham and Leeds respectively, amongst their kin. Their Unitarian faith and Liberal (Unionist) political beliefs resulted in their combined commitment to many national concerns. For example, in the early 20th century, Sir Raymond Unwin's concept of the garden suburb greatly interested Robert Francis Martineau and his second cousin, Francis Martineau Lupton, both of whom were Aldermen.[118][119]

International issues were also of great concern to the family; Robert Francis Martineau welcomed the abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison to his home when the American visited Birmingham on 7 July 1877 and two days later, Martineau's relative, Joseph Lupton, had Garrison as a guest at his Leeds house from 9–15 July.[120]

Lord Mayors of Birmingham

Members included five generations, father to son, of Mayors or Lord Mayors of Birmingham:[121]

  • Robert Martineau (1798–1870), Mayor of Birmingham, 1846–47
  • Sir Thomas Martineau (1828–1893), Mayor of Birmingham, 1884–87
  • Ernest Martineau (1861–1952), Lord Mayor of Birmingham, 1912–14
  • Sir Wilfrid Martineau (1889–1964), Lord Mayor of Birmingham, 1940–41[122]
  • Denis Martineau (1920–1999), Lord Mayor of Birmingham, 1986–87

A blue plaque, erected in 2008 by the Birmingham Civic Society in the Council House, commemorates all five.[123]

Francis Martineau Lupton, grandson of Elizabeth Greenhow (née Martineau), was the great-great-grandfather of Catherine, Princess of Wales.[51]

Research revealed in 2014 that Catherine, Princess of Wales is a descendant of the Martineau family; her great-grandmother, Olive Middleton (née Lupton), was the daughter of Francis Martineau Lupton (1848–1921), who had attended political conferences in Birmingham with his Martineau alderman cousins.[124][125] Olive Middleton's brother was named Lionel Martineau Lupton (1892–1916) in honour of their Martineau family heritage.[126]

Legacy

There is a society devoted to the Martineau family of Norwich. "Specifically, the Society aims to highlight the principles of freedom of conscience advocated in the nineteenth century by Harriet Martineau and her brother, Dr. James Martineau."[127]

The National Portrait Gallery holds nearly 20 portraits of James and Harriet Martineau. Catherine, Princess of Wales, the gallery's patron, is a distant relative of them.[128]

There was a school named after Sir Wilfrid Martineau, now subsumed within the International School, Birmingham.

Notes

    1. ↑ Armstrong, Eric; Frost, Vernon (2013) [2009]. Central Birmingham Through Time. Amberley. ISBN 978-1-4456-2732-8. Retrieved 14 May 2020 – via Google Books. Martineau Street has vanished to become Martineau Place, the family of that name having been among the 'movers and shakers' of an earlier Birmingham.
    2. ↑ Briggs, Asa (1965). Victorian Cities. University of California Press. p. 202. ISBN 978-0-520-07922-9. Retrieved 24 July 2015.
    3. ↑ Feiling, Keith (1947). The Life of Neville Chamberlain. London: Macmillan. p. 3.
    4. ↑ Manning, E. H. (1915). Official Guide to the Birmingham General Cemetery. Birmingham: Hudson & Son. Birmingham Public Libraries (Reference, Local Studies, B.Coll 45.5)
    5. ↑ Martineau - Branche RPR émigrée en Angleterre à la Révocation (PDF). Etienne Pattou dernière mise à jour. 2022. p. 3. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
    6. 1 2 Agnew, David C. A. (1871). Protestant Exiles from France in the Reign of Louis XIV, or, The Huguenot Refugees and Their Descendants in Great Britain and Ireland. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). London: Reeves & Turner. p. 239.
    7. ↑ Logan, Deborah Anna, ed. (2012). Harriet Martineau and the Irish Question: Condition of Post-famine Ireland. Lehigh University Press. p. 128 note 104. ISBN 978-1-61146-096-4.
    8. ↑ "Surrey Coat of Arms" (PDF). Surrey Heritage. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
    9. ↑ Drummond, James; Upton, C. B. (2003). Life and Letters of James Martineau 1902. Kessinger Publishing. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-7661-7242-5.
    10. ↑ Hoecker-Drysdale, Susan (2003). "Harriet Martineau". In Ritzer, George (ed.). The Blackwell Companion to Major Classical Social Theorists. John Wiley & Sons. p. 54. ISBN 978-0-470-99988-2.
    11. ↑ "Fontenay-le-Comte, Bergerac et l'Angleterre Ascendance de Kate Middleton, épouse du Prince William et de Guy Ritchie, réalisateur et scénariste, ex-époux de Madonna". Retrieved 3 November 2023.
    12. ↑ Moreri, L. (1743). THE GREAT HISTORICAL DICTIONARY: OR THE CURIOUS MIXTURE OF ... p. 312,313. Retrieved 3 November 2023.
    13. ↑ "Pierre MARTINEAU, Seigneur du PORT". Geneweb 7.0. Retrieved 3 November 2023.
    14. ↑ "File MC 1609/1, 822X2 - Lease by Philip Meadows Martineau as Deacon of the French or Walloon Congregation in Norwich to Emma Davey of land in Norwich St George Colegate". Norfolk Record Office. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
    15. ↑ "Philip Meadows Martineau (surgeon, 1752–1829), Norwich". Norfolk Record Office, The Archive Centre, Martineau Lane, Norwich, Norfolk. 2023. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
    16. ↑ Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 2 December 1979. p. 225. Retrieved 20 October 2023. <
    17. ↑ "About Philip Meadows Martineau". © UK Parliament. 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023. Born in 1752, Philip Meadows Martineau was a member of a notable Norwich family of Huguenot descent and was an active member of the French community in Norwich
    18. ↑ A Memoir of Philip Meadows Martineau. Bacon and Kinnebrook. 1831. p. 21. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
    19. ↑ The Walloons and Their Church at Norwich. Huguenot Society, London. 1877–88. p. 133. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
    20. 1 2 White of Sheffield, William (1836). History, Gazetteer, and Directory of Norfolk, and the City and County of the City of Norwich. Fargate Sheffield: W. White. p. 156. Retrieved 7 October 2014 – via Google Books.
    21. ↑ "Rockland, St Mary's Road; home of Francis Martineau Lupton and daughter Olive Middleton". Leeds City Council. 2021. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
    22. ↑ "Martineau, Arthur (1806–1872) Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, clergyman". Trinity College, Cambridge. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
    23. ↑ "National Portrait Gallery, London - Arthur Martineau (1807–1872), Prebendary of St Paul's and writer". NPG, London. 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
    24. ↑ "London Gazette". By Authority. 12 September 1862. p. 4458. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
    25. 1 2 "Preliminary Announcement. Norwich. The Bracondale Lodge and Abbey Estate, comprising the 'Manor of Carrow' – With the Mansion known as Bracondale Lodge...of late in the occupation Miss F. Martineau, deceased, with its surrounding of well-timbered Parks. Ornamental and". Norfolk Chronicle. Norfolk, England. 9 June 1877. Retrieved 5 October 2017.
    26. ↑ Walne, E. (2018). "Secret Norwich". Amberley Publishing Ltd. Retrieved 21 November 2023. By the time of the first edition OS maps, Bracondale Hall (otherwise known as Bracondale Lodge or Bracondale Woods) is depicted among parkland, with Martineau's Wood, a memorial chapel and 'Knucklebone Hall (Summer House) ...
    27. ↑ Shaw, A. Batty (July 1970). "Norwich School of Lithotomy". Medical History. 14 (3): 221–259. doi:10.1017/s0025727300015556. PMC 1034057. PMID 4921977.
    28. ↑ Martineau, Harriet; Wedgewood, Fanny (1983). Arbuckle, Elisabeth Sanders (ed.). Harriet Martineau's Letters to Fanny Wedgewood. Stanford University Press. p. 92 note 3. ISBN 978-0-8047-1146-3.
    29. ↑ The Medical History of England - Philip Meadows Martineau. John Churchill & Sons, London. 1864. pp. 101, 102. Retrieved 18 June 2023.
    30. ↑ Jewson, C. B. (1975). The Jacobin City: A Portrait of Norwich 1788–1802. Blackie & Son. pp. 126–8. ISBN 0-216-89874-9.
    31. ↑ "Editor's Note" (PDF), Newsletter No. 37, The Martineau Society, October 2015
    32. ↑ Meadows 1886, p. 11.
    33. ↑ Meadows, T.P. (1886). A memoir of the family of Taylor of Norwich. Privately Printed. pp. 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. ISBN 978-5-87315-473-9. Retrieved 18 June 2023.
    34. ↑ Burt, R. (1977). John Taylor - Mining Engineer 1779–1863. Moorland Publishing Company. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-903485-36-4. Retrieved 18 June 2023. John Taylor (30 July 1750 – 23 June 1826)
    35. ↑ Meadows, A.J. (2003). The Lamp of Learning: Taylor & Francis and Two Centuries of Publishing. CRC Press. p. 8. ISBN 978-1-4822-7261-1. Retrieved 18 June 2023.
    36. ↑ Ross, J. (1888). Three Generations of English Women. p. 9. Retrieved 18 June 2023.
    37. ↑ Fastnedge, R. (1964). English Furniture Styles from 1500 to 1830. Penguin Books. p. 208. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
    38. ↑ Twinch, C. (2012). Norwich Book of Days. History Press. p. 260. ISBN 978-0-7524-8607-9. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
    39. ↑ "A Ball To celebrate the Glorious Revolution". © 2023 Coke Estates Limited. 14 June 2022. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
    40. ↑ Trevelyan, George Macaulay. Lord Grey of the Reform Bill, being the life of Charles, second Earl Grey (PDF). Longman ,Greens & co. p. 43,44. Retrieved 19 June 2023 – via electricscotland.com.
    41. ↑ Taylor, William (1831). A Memoir of the late Philip Meadows Martineau, Surgeon. Bacon and Kinnebrook, Mercury Office. p. 9. Retrieved 2 October 2013.
    42. ↑ Rye, Walter (1889). Carrow Abbey (Microform scan ed.). Norwich: Agas H. Goose. Retrieved 15 July 2015 – via archive.org.
    43. ↑ Martineau, J. "THE MARTINEAU FAMILY IN BIRMINGHAM 1828 – 2014" (PDF). Martineau Society. Retrieved 11 November 2023. ...Bracondale Lodge [Hall], built for him around 1795 on the edge of town...
    44. ↑ "Repton Property Developments". Repton Homes. All rights reserved. 2024. Retrieved 2 January 2024. The original 'landscape gardener', Repton affected positive change on a landscape scale and that is a fine ambition for these times also. Humphry Repton has a long affiliation with Norfolk: he lived here as a child, attended school in Norwich and many of his commissions were in Norfolk, including Bracondale Lodge.
    45. ↑ "The gardener meets a marketing genius". Coke Estates Limited. 2024. Retrieved 2 January 2024. Similarly, after the estate had been inherited by Thomas William Coke (Coke of Norfolk) the fashions in landscapes had changed and after a period of focus elsewhere on the estate, a new designer was sought: Humphry Repton.
    46. ↑ Norfolk Chronicle (1847). A Guide to the Eastern Counties Railway, Cambridge Line. Norwich: Stevenson and Matchett. pp. 76 and 77. Retrieved 1 October 2013.
    47. ↑ Ronalds, B. F. (February 2018). "Peter Finch Martineau and his Son". The Martineau Society Newsletter. 41: 10–19.
    48. ↑ Evelyn-White, Charles Harold (1886). The East Anglian; or, Notes and queries on subjects connected with the counties of Suffolk, Cambridge, Essex and Norfolk. New Series. Vol. 1. Lowestoft, S. Tymms; [etc., etc.] pp. 53–5 – via archive.org.
    49. ↑ Agnew, D. (1886). Protestant Exiles from France/Volume 2 - Book Third - Chapter 17 - Section IV. Agnew. Retrieved 24 September 2023. ...Their son, David Martineau, surgeon, married Elizabeth Finch, and died 29th May 1729, aged thirty-two, leaving two daughters and one son, the second David Martineau, surgeon (born 1726, died 1768); the latter, by Sarah Meadows, his wife, had five sons — Philip Meadows Martineau (born 1750), surgeon, David (born 1754), Peter Finch (born 1755), John (born 1758), and Thomas (born 1764, died 1826). The fourth of these, John Martineau of Stamford Hill, Middlesex, was the father of Joseph Martineau of Basing Park, Hants, who married, in 1823, Caroline, daughter of Dr. Parry of Bath
    50. ↑ "The Examiner". 13 January 1855. p. 18. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
    51. 1 2 "Wargs - Ancestry of Kate Middleton". William Addams Reitwiesner (1954-2010). Retrieved 24 June 2023.
    52. ↑ Martineau, H. (2 December 1877). Harriet Martineau's Autobiography - Volume 3. Oxford University. p. 459. Retrieved 24 June 2023.
    53. ↑ "Meadows Taylor; 1755–1842; attorney; Diss, Norfolk". Norfolk Record Office, The Archive Centre, Martineau Lane, Norwich, Norfolk NR1 2DQ. 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023. Son of Richard Taylor (1719-1763), a Norwich merchant, and grandson of John Taylor (1694-1761), unitarian divine and founder of the Octagon Chapel at Norwich. Acquired the Manor House in Mount Street in 1786 following the death of his uncle Philip Meadows, also an attorney. Succeeded by his son Thomas Lombe Taylor (1802–1878), though Meadows' sister Miss Mary Taylor (1795–1888) enjoyed part of the family property for life.
    54. ↑ Burke, Bernard (1969). Burke's Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Landed Gentry. Burke's Peerage. p. 595. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
    55. ↑ Shorter, C. (1913). George Borrow and His Circle. Houghton Mifflin. p. 67. Retrieved 22 June 2023 – via Gutenberg Project.
    56. ↑ McCarthy, W. (2008). Anna Letitia Barbauld: Voice of the Enlightenment. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 231. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
    57. ↑ James, W. (1871). Memoir of the Rev. Thomas Madge, late minister of Essex street. Longmans, Green & co. p. 108.
    58. ↑ Jewson, C. B. (1975). The Jacobin City: A Portrait of Norwich 1788–1802. Blackie & Son. pp. 141–2. ISBN 0-216-89874-9.
    59. ↑ A Collection of the Public General Statutes, Passed in the Fifty-ninth Year of the Reign of His Majesty King George the Third. Great Britain. 1819. p. 1503. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
    60. ↑ The Report of Manchester College, York. Manchester College, York. 1817. p. 12. Retrieved 23 June 2023. ...Thomas Madge , Thomas Martineau , John Taylor , Richard Bonington ,...
    61. ↑ Buchanan, R. (1997). "Engineers and Engineering: Papers of the Rolt Fellows". Bath University Press. p. 226. ISBN 978-0-86197-118-3. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
    62. ↑ The London Journal of Arts and Sciences. Sherwood, Neely, and Jones. 1824. p. 211. Retrieved 12 April 2013.
    63. ↑ Martineau, 2007 p23
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    67. ↑ Burke, Sir Bernard (1879). A genealogical and heraldic history of the landed gentry of Great Britain & Ireland. Burke's Peerage. p. 702. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
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    71. ↑ Martin, G. (2015). Geographers: Biobibliographical Studies, Volume 21. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 64. ISBN 978-1-4742-2682-0. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
    72. ↑ Hobart, A. (1994). "Harriet Martineau's Political Economy of Everyday Life". Victorian Studies. 37 (2): 223–251. JSTOR 3828901.
    73. ↑ Hall, Alfred. James Martineau: The Story of His Life. London: The Sunday School Association. p. 36 – via Internet Archive.
    74. ↑ "Newcastle Infirmary Time Line 1801–1849". Newcastle University. Archived from the original on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 19 July 2013.
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    76. ↑ "Births - MIDDLETON". Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer Yorkshire, England. 26 July 1945. Retrieved 1 January 2024. MIDDLETON—JuIy 23. at Adlington Hall, Cheshire, to Dorothy Martin, wife of Lt. Christopher MIDDLETON. R.A., a son (Stephen Martineau)...
    77. ↑ "Kate Middleton Family History". Select Surnames. 2024. Retrieved 1 January 2024. ...Francis (Frank) Lupton (1848-1921) m. Harriet Davis (1850-1892) in Leeds in 1880...– Olive Lupton (1881-1936)...Richard Noel Middleton m. Olive Lupton in Leeds in 1914...– Christopher Middleton (b. 1915), became Christopher Lupton, m. Dorothy Martin...
    78. ↑ Goose, Nigel; Modem, Leanne (2010). A History of Doughty's Hospital, Norwich, 1687–2009. Hertfordshire: University of Hertfortshire Press. p. 56. ISBN 978-1-905313-93-8.
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    82. ↑ Hobday, S. (2017). Encounters With Harriet Martineau: A Victorian Living Ahead Of Her Time. Unbound. ISBN 978-1-911586-22-7. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
    83. ↑ Shelston, Alan (2008). "Education in the Life and Work of Elizabeth Gaskell". The Gaskell Society Journal. Vol. 22. p. 57. Retrieved 25 April 2017.
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    87. ↑ "Birmingham Corporation Water Bill (by Order.)". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 8 March 1892. cc265-307. Retrieved 5 March 2016.
    88. ↑ "Tory was a fifth generation civic head – Obituary – Mr Denis Martineau". Birmingham Post. 3 July 1999.
    89. ↑ "History of the Corporation of Birmingham". Birmingham: Cornish Brothers. 1909. Retrieved 5 March 2016.
    90. ↑ Martineau, Jeremy (September 2016), "The Martineau Family in Birmingham – Sir Thomas Martineau" (PDF), Newsletter No. 39, The Martineau Society, retrieved 31 December 2021
    91. ↑ "The Law Times - Opening of the Birmingham Law Courts - Royal visit". 25 July 1891. p. 231. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
    92. ↑ Mellone, S. (1925). LIBERTY AND RELIGION: THE FIRST CENTURY OF THE BRITISH & FOREIGN UNITARIAN ASSOCIATION (PDF). The Lindsey press, London. p. 234. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
    93. ↑ Proceedings and Addresses on the Occasion of the Opening of ...books.google.com.au › books Manchester College (University of Oxford). Longmans, London. 1894. p. 156. Retrieved 18 November 2023. ...1893: Vice-President James Martineau...October 18–19, 1893... Donors...Sir Thomas and Lady Martineau...F.M. Lupton...David Martineau ...
    94. ↑ "Papers of Sarah Madeleine Martineau". The National Archives UK. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
    95. ↑ Maclaren, P. (2015). Royal Fever: The British Monarchy in Consumer Culture. University of California. p. 259. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
    96. ↑ Crawford, E. "Woman and Her Sphere - 'Painting Days at School of Art are perfect bliss: the manuscript diary (1892-1914) of Sarah Madeleine Martineau, art student and craft worker'". Woman and Her Sphere. Retrieved 3 January 2024. Lena [Sarah Madeleine] Martineau and her sister Lucy, [daughters of David Martineau (died 1911)] who was three years older, had been boarders at Roedean school in Sussex, which, recently founded, was much favoured by the daughters of the wealthy non-conformist middle class. When Lena begins her diary in an exercise book in January 1892 one of the first entries relates that Barbara Shore Smith, who had been a contemporary at Roedean...
    97. ↑ "The World". Waikato Times. Vol. XXVIII, no. 2328. 11 June 1887. p. 2 (Supplement) – via natlib.govt.nz.
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    99. ↑ Walker-Smith, D. (1940). Neville Chamberlain, Man of Peace. R. Hale. Retrieved 10 October 2019.
    100. ↑ Debrett's Baronetage, Knightage, and Companionage. Dean and Son. 1931. p. 1887. Retrieved 10 October 2019.
    101. ↑ The A.M.A.: The Journal of the Incorporated Association of Assistant Masters of Secondary School. University of Ilinios. 1939. p. 142. Retrieved 18 November 2023. Philip Edgar Martineau , one of the founders of the Association , who collapsed and died on March 10th while staying at Weston - super - Mare . Mr. Martineau was in his early days a master at Wellesbourne House School , Birmingham , and ...
    102. ↑ The Schoolmasters' Yearbook & Educational Directory. Year Book Press. 1916. p. 399. Retrieved 11 November 2023. MARTINEAU , Philip Edgar , Private Tutor . Educ .: King's Sch . , Peterborough ; Univ . Coll . , Lond .; Mason Coll . , Birmingham ; Lond . Univ . Inter . Arts , 1885. Exp . Chard Gr . Sch . , 1879 ; Wells Cathedral Sch . , 1881–1884 ...
    103. ↑ Hutton, Catherine (2013) [1891]. Reminiscences of a Gentlewoman of the Last Century: Letters of Catherine Hutton. London: Forgotten Books. p. 24. ISBN 978-1-331-33101-8.
    104. ↑ Venn, G. (2011). Alumni Cantabrigienses: A Biographical List of All Known Students, Graduates ... Cambridge University Press. p. 356. Retrieved 7 November 2023.
    105. ↑ Brewers' Journal and Hop and Malt Trades' Review. 1911. p. 164. Retrieved 9 November 2023. Maurice Richard Martineau...
    106. ↑ Ritchie, Berry (1992). An Uncommon Brewer, the Story of Whitbread. London: James & James. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-907383-36-9.
    107. ↑ "Obituary", Journal of the Institute of Brewing, vol. 88, 1982, pp. 297–298 (subscription required). Retrieved 28 April 2016.
    108. ↑ Martineau, Lady (Anne) (1949). End of World War II British. Sir William Martineau of Kincraig 11th, in Scotland ...William follows the Queen and princesses on a trip to South Africa in 1947 with magazine clippings from a garden party and the royal's meeting school children.
    109. ↑ "Sir William Martineau". IMS Vintage Photos. 2023. Retrieved 9 November 2023. Sir William Martineau held the office of Justice of the Peace (J.P.). He lived at Kincraig [Castle], Ross-shire, Scotland.
    110. ↑ "historylinksdornoch The history and archaeology of Dornoch and district - Kincraig House". WordPress.com. 2 November 2021. Retrieved 9 November 2023. The estate passed in 1918 to Roderick's nephew William Martineau, a scion of a sugar refining dynasty. William (later Sir William) appears to have carried out further work to Kincraig House, said to have been completed in 1923. [Also, "Martineau of Kincraig, at that time proprietor of the castle and also of a good deal of the old estate of the ...", from The County of Ross and Cromarty (1987) - Page 157, by A Mather]
    111. ↑ "ST. GEORGE'S-IN-THE-EAST CHURCH, LONDON - War Memorial (1924) & Armisticetide observance". St George-in-the-East. 2021. Retrieved 9 November 2023. William Martineau's family had owned a sugar refinery in the parish, and he had been one of the 'openers' at the parish fête earlier in the year.
    112. ↑ "Martineau, Philip Hubert (MRTN881PH)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
    113. ↑ "Cricinfo profile". Archived from the original on 30 August 2007. Retrieved 12 April 2008.
    114. ↑ Martineau, Alice (1923). "The Herbaceous Garden". Williams and Norgate. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
    115. ↑ Garden Design. University of Virginia. 1933. p. 95. Retrieved 19 November 2023. ...GARDEN DESIGN ... Lady Martineau
    116. ↑ Cricinfo profile
    117. ↑ "Hubert Martineau - Biographical information". OlyMADMen. 2006–2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023. Strangely, despite being educated at Eton College, Martineau never played for the school cricket XI
    118. ↑ Saint, Andrew (3 January 2008). "Unwin, Sir Raymond (1863–1940)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/36613. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
    119. ↑ Unwin, Sir Raymond (2004) [1901]. Nothing Gained by Overcrowding. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-01854-2. Guests included – Leeds Alderman, (Francis Martineau) Lupton and Birmingham Alderman, Robert Francis Martineau at the "Garden Suburb" Conference at Birmingham, 20 September 1901
    120. ↑ Garrison, Francis Jackson. "William Lloyd Garrison, 1805–1879; the story of his life told by his children: volume 4". Perseus Digital Library. Retrieved 19 February 2013. (Life of ) William Lloyd Garrison footnote 60–67 referencing: Birmingham Alderman Robert Francis Martineau; Joseph Lupton Esq. of Leeds; Harriet Martineau
    121. ↑ "City Council, List of Birmingham Mayors". City of Birmingham. Archived from the original on 9 June 2008. Retrieved 17 March 2014. et seq
    122. ↑ "No. 38165". The London Gazette (Supplement). 2 January 1948. p. 70. Ref. Sir Wilfred Martineau
    123. ↑ "Robert Martineau, Thomas Martineau, Ernest Martineau, Wilfrid Martineau, and 1 other in Birmingham". Blue Plaque Places. Archived from the original on 24 July 2015. Retrieved 24 July 2015.
    124. ↑ Lockley, Mike (21 February 2015). "Pictures of Kate Middleton's Brummie relatives to go on display at Birmingham Museum". Birmingham Mail. Retrieved 24 July 2015.
    125. ↑ Unwin, Sir Raymond (2004) [1901]. Nothing Gained by Overcrowding. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-01854-2. Guests included – Leeds Alderman, (Francis Martineau) Lupton and Birmingham Alderman, Robert Francis Martineau (Francis' Birmingham cousin) at the "Garden Suburb" Conference at Birmingham, 20 September 1901
    126. ↑ Perrin, B. (18 April 2023). "Kate Middleton 'is a Brummie' claims history teacher ahead of Royal visit to city". Birmingham Live. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
    127. ↑ "homepage". The Martineau Society. Retrieved 29 November 2015.
    128. ↑ Furness, Hannah (11 February 2014). "Duchess of Cambridge visits National Portrait Gallery, home to little-known Middleton family paintings". The Daily Telegraph. p. 3. Retrieved 14 March 2014.

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