| Part of Jim Crow Era | |
| Date | February 11, 1922 |
|---|---|
| Location | Texarkana, Miller County, Arkansas |
| Participants | Four masked men claiming they were not the KKK |
| Deaths | Mr. Norman |
Mr. Norman (referree to as P. Norman[1] and N. Norman[2]) was an African-American man who was lynched in Texarkana, Miller County, Arkansas by masked men on February 11, 1922. According to the 1926 report of the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary, this was the 12th of 61 lynchings during 1922 in the United States. [3]
Background
Texarkana is a city that straddles the state border of Texas and Arkansas. The west of the city is in Bowie County, Texas and the east is in Miller County, Arkansas. It was developed at a 19th-century junction of two major railroads.
In February 1922, Deputy Sheriff J.R. Jordan of Texarkana was allegedly held at gunpoint by Norman and forced to drive several miles. At some point later, Norman was arrested and held at Ashdown, Arkansas.[2]
Lynching
Deputy Sheriff J.R. Jordan had driven to Ashdown, Arkansas to pick up Mr. Norman from their jail. On February 11, 1922, while returning to Texarkana, his car was stopped by masked men, near Spring Lake Park. They seized Norman from the car and took him away. The next day Norman's body was found with four gunshot wounds, left on a country road.
In addition to the lynching, a newspaper reported that "five white men were flogged, one white man seized and warned, and one negro notified in a note signed KKK to leave the city as a big clean-up was in progress.”[4]
Aftermath
After the lynching, Deputy Sheriff J.R. Jordan was indicted for murder of Norman by the Bowie County grand jury. He was released on a $3,000 ($46,500 in 2022) bond.[1]
On February 21, 1922, at 10:00 PM in the Four States Pressroom, four masked men burst in armed with guns. They handed a note to the men working there, Charles Nutter, Robert Lusk and the news editor. It read, "we are the four men who took the negro away from Mr. Jordan. We are citizens of Texarkana and intend to stay here. Find us. We are not K.K.K." [2]
National memorial
The National Memorial for Peace and Justice opened in Montgomery, Alabama, on April 26, 2018. It is devoted to the history of lynchings in the United States and memorializing the victims. The Memorial Corridor features 805 hanging steel rectangles, each representing a county where a documented lynching has taken place. Each rectangle is incised with the names of lynching victims in that county.[5] The memorial hopes that communities, like Miller County, Arkansas where Mr. Norman was lynched, will take these slabs and install them in their own communities.
See also
- Lynching of Hullen Owens - Texarkana, Texas
References
- Notes
- Bibliography
- "Texas Grand jurors to probe lynching of Negro resident". Arizona Republican. Phoenix, Maricopa, Arizona: Republican Pub. Co. February 14, 1922. pp. 1–12. ISSN 2157-135X. OCLC 2612512. Retrieved March 20, 2022.
- "Students see masked men". The Columbia Evening Missourian. 2157-6572: Missouri Pub. Association. March 1, 1922. pp. 1–6. ISSN 2157-6572. OCLC 19559594. Retrieved March 20, 2022.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: location (link) - "Texas Deputy Sheriff arrested for murder". Omaha Daily Bee. Omaha, Douglas, Nebraska: Edward Rosewater. February 27, 1922. pp. 1–8. ISSN 2169-7264. OCLC 42958170. Retrieved March 20, 2022.
- Robertson, Campbell (April 25, 2018). "A Lynching Memorial Is Opening. The Country Has Never Seen Anything Like It". The New York Times. Retrieved January 29, 2022.
- United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary (1926). "To Prevent and Punish the Crime of Lynching: Hearings Before the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee on S. 121, Sixty-Ninth Congress, First Session, on Feb. 16, 1926". United States Government Publishing Office. Retrieved January 23, 2022.