The list of Serbian anthems includes all official and unofficial national anthems that Serbia has had throughout its history as well as regional anthems of the Republika Srpska, a constituency of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The list also contains the anthem dedicated to the first Serbian archbishop and founder of the autocephalous Serbian Orthodox Church, Saint Sava.

Himna Svetom Savi and Vostani Serbije are among the first (albeit unofficial) Serbian anthems. The exact date when the anthem dedicated to Saint Sava was written is not known, while the Pesma na insurekciju Serbijanov, ie Vostani Serbije, was composed in 1804 when it was sung by the Serbian educator Dositej Obradović out of a desire to welcome the outbreak of the First Serbian Uprising. However, the first official, national anthem of Serbia was Bože pravde, written by Jovan Đorđević and composed by Davorin Jenko, which is also one of the oldest anthems in the world. Bože pravde was also the official anthem of Republika Srpska (until 2008, when the anthem Moja Republika was adopted) and Republic of Serbian Krajina. During the World War II, Oj Srbijo, mila mati was used as the de facto anthem of the Government of National Salvation of Milan Nedić during the German occupation of Serbia (1941-1944).[1]

List

Anthems of Serbia

Name of the anthem Year In official use Creator/s State Notes
Vostani Serbije
"Arise, Serbia"
1804
/
Written by: Dositej Obradović
Composers: Vartkes Baronijan,
Zlatan Vauda,
Ljuba Manasijević
 Unofficial national anthem.

Vostani Serbije was one of the first Serbian songs of anthem character, composed just before the beginning of the First Serbian Uprising.[2] This song did not have a composition, so it was only recited at gatherings and in festive moments.[3] The song was printed in Venice in 1804 and reprinted in 1833 in Belgrade, as a supplement to Dositej's autobiography The Life and Connections of Dimitrij Obradović.

The song had seven stanzas and a refrain repeated after each stanza. The first two stanzas of the song were later given a contemporary melodic treatment in the arrangements of three Serbian composers.[4]

Bože pravde
"God of Justice"
1872
1882—1903
1909—1918
Written by: Jovan Đorđević
Composer: Davorin Jenko
 Official national anthem. 

After the assassination of Prince Mihailo, Milan Obrenović came to the throne in 1872, celebrating his coming of age. Then he ordered a play from the manager of the National Theater in Belgrade, Jovan Đorđević, who quickly wrote and presented the play Markova sablja (with the aim of glorifying Serbian history and the Obrenović dynasty) and Bože pravde, composed by Davorin Jenko. Đorđević's song quickly gained more popularity among the people than the piece itself, and in 1882, on the occasion of Milan's enthronement as Serbian king, Đorđević reworked the text and so his new version became the first official anthem of Serbia.[5][6]

In 1903, after the May Coup, the Obrenović dynasty died out and the Karađorđevićs came to the helm of Serbia. The new Serbian king Peter I wanted to change the anthem; various competitions in which many Serbian poets participated were unsuccessful, so in 1909, it was decided to promulgate Bože pravde as the official national anthem again, with minor changes to the text.[6][5][2]

Oj Srbijo, mila mati
"Oh Serbia, Dear Mother"
1860
1941—1944
Written by: Luka Sarić
Composer: Vojtěch Šístek
 Unofficial national anthem.[7]

Originally called Srbiji, the song Oj Srbijo mila mati was first published in 1860 and was written by the Novi Sad poet Luka Sarić. Its first, longer version, Srbiji ("to Serbia") by poet Luka Sarić was published in 1860 in the literary magazine of Slovenka in Novi Sad.[8] In 1891, a Czech migrant to Serbia, Vojtěch Šístek, a member of the Singing Association Branko, composed the melody and the song quickly became very popular.[9] A very long song, with seven stanza with eight lines each, it was shortened in 1909 by another member of the Branko association, Dragomir Brzak, to four stanza with four lines each.[9] This version, with the name Oj Srbijo, mila mati (Oh Serbia, Dear Mother) entered the school program prior to World War I.[9] It was very popular during the Balkan Wars and World War I.[9]

During the World War II, it was used as the de facto anthem of the Government of National Salvation of Milan Nedić during the German occupation of Serbia.[1]

Bože pravde
"God of Justice"
1872
2004—present
Written by: Jovan Đorđević
Composer: Davorin Jenko
 Official national anthem. 

Serbia decided to renew its national symbols (including anthem) in 2004. The recommendation on the use of the coat of arms, flag and anthem was adopted unanimously in the National Assembly in 2004.[10] After restoring its independence in 2006, Bože pravde was constitutionally sanctioned as defined by the Article 7 of the Constitution of Serbia.[11] It utilizes slightly modified original lyrics, asserting that Serbia is no longer a monarchy — all the verses that had a monarchist overtone were changed.[1][2]

Anthems of Republika Srpska

Name of the anthem Year In official use Creator/s State Notes
Bože pravde
"God of Justice"
1872
1992—2008
Written by: Jovan Đorđević
Composer: Davorin Jenko
 "Bože pravde" was adopted in 1992 as the national anthem of the Republika Srpska, later (after the end of the Bosnian War) used as the regional anthem until 2006, when it was ruled down by the country's constitutional court for being unconstitutional.[12][13]
Moja Republika
"My Republic"
2008
2008—present
Written by: Mladen Matović
Composer: Maden Matović
Republika Srpska
 There were 27 proposals received for the anthem selection contest in 2008 and, in the shortlist, "Moja Republika" was selected. It was performed for the first time on 9 January 2009 at the ceremonial academy in the Concert Hall of Banski dvor in Banja Luka, as part of the Republika Srpska Day celebration.

Himna Svetom Savi

Name Year Creator/s Notes
Himna Svetom Savi
"Saint Sava's Anthem"
Unknown
Written by: unknown
Musically processed: Kornelije Stanković
 Despite the lack of data on the creator and origin, this anthem is considered one of the oldest Serbian anthems, along with Vostani Serbije. It is presumed that Pesn Svetitelju Savi arhiepiskopu serbskome, i.e. Himna Svetom Savi, was composed in Syrmia either at the end of the 18th century or in the period 1804–1817. The original manuscript has not been preserved, but only a transcript from 1832 brought by the Kuveždin hieromonk Silvester Vučković. According to some sources, the anthem was written and sung in Kuvežedin in the monastery church dedicated to Saint Sava and Saint Simeon. The year of its creation is even mentioned somewhere in 1735. Most likely, the writer of this anthem was a monk. The song was credited for a long time to Vasa Živković, a priest from Novi Sad. Pavle Stamatović and Jovan Grigorijević (both clergymen) are also mentioned as creators.[14]


The "Saint Sava's Anthem" itself has undergone many changes, first with the translation from Church Slavonic into Serbian, and then with changes and additions to the verses.[15][16]

The first musical notation of the "Saint Sava's anthem" was recorded by Kornelije Stanković, after a Saint Sava celebration in Vienna in 1858.[14]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Jovanović, Nenad M. (2010). Grbovi, zastave i himne u istoriji Srbije. Beograd: Svetigora. pp. 132–140. ISBN 978-86-6155-000-3.
  2. 1 2 3 "Srpske himne – od "Vostani Serbie" do "Bože pravde"". 381info.com (in Serbian). Retrieved 2021-03-24.
  3. ↑ "Kako je izgubljena prva srpska himna? | Bilo jednom u Beogradu". 011info - najbolji vodič kroz Beograd (in Serbian). Retrieved 2021-03-24.
  4. ↑ "SLAVNA DOSITEJEVA BUDNICA "VOSTANI SERBIJE" – Ravnoplov". Retrieved 2021-03-24.
  5. 1 2 Jovanović, Nenad M. (2010). Grbovi, zastave i himne u istoriji Srbije. Belgrade-Cetinje. p. 132.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  6. 1 2 Софија (2016-03-04). "SVE SRPSKE HIMNE: Svečene pesme koje su izraz patriotskih, nacionalnih i religijskih emocija". Opanak.rs. Retrieved 2021-03-24.
  7. ↑ inbox-online.com. "Nacionalni mit i domaći film". Novi Polis (in Serbian). Retrieved 2021-03-24.
  8. ↑ Stevović, Ljubomir S. (2003). "Srpski grb i himna u XX veku? (2)" [Serbian crest and anthem in 20th century?] (PDF) (in Serbian). Retrieved 2012-11-16.
  9. 1 2 3 4 Stevović 2003.
  10. ↑ "Narodna skupština Republike Srbije | Aktivnosti Narodne skupštine". www.parlament.gov.rs. Retrieved 2021-03-24.
  11. ↑ Constitution of Serbia Archived 2013-06-16 at the Wayback Machine at the site of the Government of Serbia
  12. ↑ "Press Release". Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina. 2007-01-27. Archived from the original on 2014-01-03.
  13. ↑ "Republika Srpska court upholds complaint about anthem". RFE/RL.
  14. 1 2 "Химна Светом Сави". hramsvetogsave.rs. Retrieved 2021-03-24.
  15. ↑ "Savindan: Kako smo počeli da "uskličemo s ljubavlju svetitelju Savi" (1) | Bilo jednom u Beogradu". 011info - najbolji vodič kroz Beograd (in Serbian). Retrieved 2021-03-24.
  16. ↑ "Šta znamo, a šta ne o Himni Svetom Savi". Avant Art Magazin. 2019-01-26. Retrieved 2021-03-24.
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