The genus Pinguicula contains the 83 species of butterworts, belonging to the bladderwort family (Lentibulariaceae).[1] It has a natural distribution across most of the Northern Hemisphere, though over half of the species are concentrated in Mexico and Central America. Siegfried Jost Casper systematically divided them into three subgenera with 15 sections. Subsequent phylogenetic research showed that many of these groupings are polyphyletic,[2] but they are used below.

Subgenus Isoloba

Pinguicula gigantea with prey. The insect was too large and was able to escape.

Section Agnata

Section Cardiophyllum

  • Pinguicula crystallina
    • Pinguicula crystallina subsp. hirtiflora
  • Pinguicula habilii[3]

Section Discoradix

Section Heterophyllum

Pinguicula heterophylla

Section Isoloba

Subgenus Pinguicula

Section Crassifolia

Pinguicula esseriana

Section Homophyllum

Section Longitubus

Section Nana

  • Pinguicula villosa – hairy butterwort
Pinguicula moranensis

Section Orcheosanthus

Section Orchidioides

Section Pinguicula

  • Pinguicula balcanica – Balkanian butterwort
    • Pinguicula balcanica var. tenuilaciniata
  • Pinguicula corsica
  • Pinguicula grandiflora – large-flowered butterwort
    • Pinguicula grandiflora subsp. rosea
  • Pinguicula leptoceras
  • Pinguicula longifolia – long-leaved butterwort
    • Pinguicula longifolia causensis
    • Pinguicula longifolia dertosensis
    • Pinguicula longifolia reichenbachiana
  • Pinguicula macroceras – California butterwort
    • Pinguicula macroceras var. macroceras
    • Pinguicula macroceras nortensis
  • Pinguicula mundi
  • Pinguicula nevadensis
  • Pinguicula poldinii
  • Pinguicula vallisneriifolia
  • Pinguicula vulgaris – common butterwort

Subgenus Temnoceras

Section Ampullipalatum

Pinguicula calyptrata from Ecuador, Cayambe Coca National Park, 3800 m
  • Pinguicula antarctica
  • Pinguicula calyptrata
  • Pinguicula chilensis
  • Pinguicula involuta
  • Pinguicula jimburensis
  • Pinguicula elongata
  • Pinguicula ombrophilia

Section Micranthus

Section Temnoceras

  • Pinguicula clivorum
  • Pinguicula crenatiloba
  • Pinguicula emarginata
  • Pinguicula gracilis
  • Pinguicula immaculata

Incertae sedis

References, external links, and further reading

  1. ↑ Cooper, Tom (2013-03-01). "Lentibulariaceae (The Bladderwort Family)". Tropical Biodiversity. Retrieved 2023-02-16.
  2. ↑ Degtjareva, G. V.; Casper, S. J.; Hellwig, F. H.; Schmidt, A. R.; Steiger, J.; Sokoloff, D. D. (2006-12-11). "Morphology and nrITS Phylogeny of the Genus Pinguicula L. (Lentibulariaceae), with Special Attention to Embryo Evolution". Plant Biology. 8 (6): 778–790. doi:10.1055/s-2006-924560. ISSN 1435-8603.
  3. ↑ H. Yıldırım, S. G. Şenol & A. F. Pirhan (2012). "Pinguicula habilii (Lentibulariaceae), a new carnivorous species from South-West Anatolia, Turkey" (PDF). Phytotaxa. 64: 46–58. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.64.1.4.
  • Casper, S. J.: Monographie der Gattung Pinguicula, (Bibliotheca Botanica, Heft 127/128), 1966, Stuttgart
  • Cieslak, Thomas; Polepalli, Jai Santosh; White, Adam; Müller, Kai; Borsch, Thomas; Barthlott, Wilhelm; Steiger, Juerg; Marchant, Adam; Legendre, Laurent (2005). "Phylogenetic analysis of 'Pinguicula (Lentibulariaceae): chloroplast DNA sequences and morphology support several geographically distinct radiations". American Journal of Botany. 92 (10): 1723–1736. doi:10.3732/ajb.92.10.1723. PMID 21646090.
  • Schlauer, Jan: Carnivorous Plant Database, version Nov. 15, 16:25.
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