This is an incomplete list of notable Muslims who live or lived in the United States.
Academia
Adil Najam during a talk at Deutsche Welle Building in Bonn, Germany on January 21, 2010
- Asad Abidi – Professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of California, Los Angeles; member of the National Academy of Engineering[1]
- Gul Agha – Professor of Computer Science at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Akbar S. Ahmed – US resident Pakistani anthropologist; the Ibn Khaldun Chair of Islamic Studies at American University;[2] producer of the film Journey Into Europe, on Islam in Europe
- Saleem H. Ali – environmental researcher and Associate Dean for Graduate studies at the University of Vermont's Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources; writer and contributor to publications such as the International Herald Tribune; has dual American and Pakistani citizenship[3]
- Talal Asad – Professor of Anthropology and Religious Studies at CUNY[4]
- Farooq Azam – Distinguished Professor at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD; researcher in the field of marine microbiology[5]
- Ayesha Jalal – MacArthur Fellow and Richardson Professor of History at Tufts University[6]
- Mohammad Aslam Khan Khalil – Professor of Physics at Portland State University;[7] a highly cited researcher in the field of atmospheric physics
- Sadaf Jaffer – the first female Muslim American mayor, first female South Asian mayor, and first female Pakistani-American mayor in the United States, of Montgomery in Somerset County, New Jersey.[8]
- Hafeez Malik – Professor of Political Science at Villanova University, in Pennsylvania[9]
- Nergis Mavalvala, Kathleen Marble Professor of Astrophysics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and 2010 MacArthur Fellow; part of the team that made the first direct gravitational wave observation
- Zia Mian – physicist[10][11][12]
- Adil Najam – Professor of Geography and International Relations and Director of the Pardee Center at Boston University;[13] founding editor of popular blog Pakistaniat[14]
- S. Hamid Nawab, Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University; co-author of widely used textbook Signals and Systems (1997), published by Prentice Hall (Pearson); researcher in signal processing and machine perception with application to auditory, speech, and neuromuscular systems
- Anwar Shaikh – Professor of Economics at the graduate faculty of The New School in New York City[15]
- Sara Suleri – Professor of English at Yale University
- Abdul Jamil Tajik – researcher in clinical medicine[16]
- Muhammad Suhail Zubairy – Professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy; holder of the Munnerlyn-Heep Chair in Quantum Optics at the Texas A&M University[17]
Activism and politics
- Huma Abedin – aide to United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton; served as traveling chief of staff during Clinton's campaign for the Democratic nomination in the 2008 presidential election[18]
- Saqib Ali – served as delegate to the Maryland House of Delegates, elected in 2006, represented the 39th District[19]
- Tahir Ali – first Pakistani American elected as a National delegate-at-large (R) from Massachusetts, 1992[20]
- Arif Alikhan – former appointee to the Obama Administration where he served as Assistant Secretary for Policy Development at the United States Department of Homeland Security; former Deputy Mayor of Homeland Security and Public Safety for the City of Los Angeles; visiting Professor of Homeland Security and Counterterrorism at the National Defense University's (NDU) College of International Security Affairs in Washington, DC
- Nihad Awad – National Executive Director of the Council on American-Islamic Relations
- André Carson – Congressman from Indiana[21]
- Shamila N. Chaudhary – US government policy adviser[22]
- Robert D. Crane – former foreign policy advisor; author[23]
- Sada Cumber – first US envoy to the Organisation of the Islamic Conference[24]
- Hamida Dakane – first Black and first Muslim to serve in the North Dakota House of Representatives[25]
- Keith Ellison – first Muslim congressman from Minnesota[26]
- Louis Farrakhan - leader of the Nation of Islam
- George Bethune English (1787-1828) – American adventurer, diplomat, soldier, and convert to Islam.
- Ibrahim Hooper – National Communications Director for the Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR)
- Mansoor Ijaz – hedge fund manager and venture capitalist involved in Pakistan–United States relations and peace efforts surrounding the Kashmir conflict
- Arsalan Iftikhar – human rights lawyer, global media commentator, and author of the book Scapegoats: How Islamophobia Helps Our Enemies & Threatens Our Freedoms[27]
- Noor Al-Hussein – anti-nuclear weapons proliferation advocate and former Queen consort of Jordan
- Hakim Jamal – civil rights activist; Member of the Nation of Islam but converted to traditional Islam after the assassination of his cousin Malcolm X.
- Zalmay Khalilzad – former US Ambassador to the United Nations; former U.S. Ambassador to Iraq and Afghanistan[28]
- Yuri Kochiyama – Japanese American activist who converted to Sunni Islam from Protestantism in 1971[29]
- Umar Lee – Activist and Writer
- Edina Lekovic – Communications Director of the Muslim Public Affairs Council[30]
- Gholam Mujtaba – chair of the Pakistan Policy Institute, a think tank dedicated to improve the US-Pakistan relationship
- Ilhan Omar – One of the first two Muslim women elected to Congress.[31]
- Farah Pandith – Special Representative to Muslim Communities for the US Department of State; official advisor to President Obama on Muslim matters
- Zahid Quraishi – first Muslim United States federal district court judge in the United States[32]
- Zainab Salbi – co-founder and president for Women for Women International
- Betty Shabazz (also known as Betty X) – civil rights activist and educator; widow of Malcolm X[33]
- Ilyasah Shabazz – social activist and daughter of Malcolm X
- Malcolm Shabazz – activist and grandson of Malcolm X; Murdered during a labor rights tour in Mexico
- el-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz (also known as Malcolm X) – human rights activist, civil rights activist, public speaker and Black Muslim minister;[34] Joined the Nation of Islam in 1952, before converting to Sunni Islam in 1964.
- Azadeh Shahshahani – human rights attorney and past president of the National Lawyers Guild[35]
- Saghir "Saggy" Tahir – New Hampshire State Representative; the only elected Pakistani American in the Republican Party;[36] re-elected in 2006 for a fourth term to represent Ward 2, District 9 in his home town of Manchester[37]
- Shirin R. Tahir-Kheli – White House appointee at various senior posts in the executive branch and the State department during five Republican administrations.
- Rashida Tlaib – One of the first two Muslim women elected to Congress.[31]
- James Yee – former U.S. Army chaplain with the rank of Captain[38]
- Elias Zerhouni – Director, National Institutes of Health[39]
- Nusrat Jahan Choudhury - civil rights lawyer, United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York.[40]
Armed forces
- Kareem Rashad Sultan Khan – United States Army Soldier killed in Iraq[41]
- Humayun Khan – United States Army Soldier killed in Iraq[42]
Foreign military service
- Ma Dunjing – Chinese Muslim General of the National Revolutionary Army, immigrated to Los Angeles in the United States after retirement in 1950
- Ma Hongkui – Chinese Muslim General of the National Revolutionary Army, immigrated to Los Angeles in the United States after retirement in 1950
Art
%252C_Shirin_Neshat.jpg.webp)
Artist Shirin Neshat at the Viennale 2009
- Kameelah Janan Rasheed — Artist based in New York City
- Deana Haggag – Egyptian-American art museum curator, President and CEO of United States Artists in Chicago
- Shirin Neshat – Iranian-American visual artist and film director. Awarded The Dorothy and Lillian Gish Prize in 2006, and the Silver Lion in 2009[43]
- Shahzia Sikander – Pakistani-American artist and MacArthur Fellow[44][45]
- Minoosh Zomorodinia – Iranian-born American visual artist and curator[46]
Business
Billionaire Chobani CEO, philanthropist and activist Hamdi Ulukaya
- Javed Ahmed – former chief executive of Tate & Lyle,[47] a FTSE 250 company and one of Britain's oldest brands[48]
- Michael Chowdry (1955–2001) – Forbes 400 businessman; founder of air cargo company Atlas Air, which in 2001 was worth over $1.39 billion[49]
- Mohamed El-Erian – chief economic adviser of Allianz, the parent company of PIMCO, where El-Erian was CEO and manager of over $1 trillion in global assets; president of Queens' College, Cambridge[50]
- Tariq Farid – founder and chief executive of Edible Arrangements[51]
- Nabeel Gareeb – president and chief executive of renewable energy company MEMC (now SunEdison) from 2002 to 2008;[52] ranked 6th highest-earning U.S. CEO in 2008[53]
- Fred Hassan – chairman of investment company Caret Group, director of private equity firm Warburg Pincus, former chief executive of pharmaceutical companies including Schering-Plough from 2003 to 2009, when the company completed its merger with Merck & Co.[54]
- Mansoor Ijaz – founder and chairman of Crescent Investment Management, television commentator[55]
- Jawed Karim – co-founder of YouTube[56]
- Farooq Kathwari – chairman, president and chief executive of Ethan Allen[57][58]
- Shahid Khan – owner of sports teams the Jacksonville Jaguars and Fulham F.C., and autoparts maker Flex-N-Gate, lead investor in All Elite Wrestling[59]
- Safi Qureshey – co-founder and former CEO of AST Research, philanthropist[60]
- Hamdi Ulukaya – billionaire founder and chief executive of foods maker Chobani; activist and philanthropist, signed the Giving Pledge to donate the majority of his wealth, founded the Tent Foundation,[61][62] received the UN Global Leadership Award and the Global Citizen Prize[63][64]
Comedy
Comedian Negin Farsad
- Ahmed Ahmed – standup comedian, actor[65]
- Mohammed Amer – standup comedian[66]
- Dave Chappelle – standup comedian (converted in 1998)[67]
- Negin Farsad – comedian, actress, writer, filmmaker[68]
- Maz Jobrani – standup comedian, actor[69]
- Aasif Mandvi – comedian, actor[70]
- Hasan Minhaj – comedian, Daily Show correspondent[71]
- Preacher Moss – standup comedian, comedy writer[66]
- Zahra Noorbakhsh – comedian, writer, actor, co-host of #GoodMuslimBadMuslim podcast
- Dean Obeidallah – standup comedian[65]
- Azhar Usman – standup comedian[72][73]
- Maysoon Zayid – standup comedian, actress[65]
Crime
An undated mugshot of Mir Aimal Kansi on death row
- Hasan Akbar – convicted of premeditated murder in a grenade attack on fellow soldiers[74]
- Hesham Mohamed Hadayet – Egyptian-American who killed 2 people at the El Al counter at Los Angeles International Airport[75]
- Wadih el-Hage – al-Qaeda member serving life imprisonment in the US for his part in the 1998 United States embassy bombings[76]
- Mujahid Abdul Halim – Served 45 years in prison for taking part in the assassination of Malcolm X; Long-time member of the Nation of Islam but converted to traditional Islam while in prison.
- Nidal Hasan – former soldier convicted of the 2009 Fort Hood shooting[77]
- Muzzammil Hassan – founder of Bridges TV, a Muslim television network; received sentence of 25 to life for killing his wife[78]
- Mir Aimal Kansi – Pakistani-American convicted and executed for the shootings at the Central Intelligence Agency headquarters[79]
- John Walker Lindh – member of the Taliban[80]
- John Allen Muhammad – executed beltway sniper[81]
- José Padilla – convicted of aiding terrorists and litigant before the United States Supreme Court in Rumsfeld v. Padilla[82][83]
- Dzhokhar Tsarnaev – Kyrgyzstani-American citizen who was convicted of planting bombs at the Boston Marathon on April 15, 2013, together with his brother Tamerlan Tsarnaev.
- Bryant Neal Vinas – convicted of participating in and supporting al-Qaeda plots in Afghanistan and the U.S.[84]
Film
Actress Shohreh Aghdashloo
- Nabil Abou-Harb – filmmaker; writer and director of Arab in America[85]
- Shohreh Aghdashloo – Academy Award-nominated Iranian-born actress[86]
- Moustapha Akkad – film director, producer[87]
- Mahershala Ali – Oscar-winning actor.[88]
- Lewis Arquette – film actor, writer, and producer[89][90]
- Sayed Badreya – actor, filmmaker[91]
- Saïd Taghmaoui – actor[92]
- Faran Tahir – actor[93]
Modeling
Supermodel Iman
- Halima Aden – Somali-American fashion model[94]
- Iman – supermodel and widow of David Bowie[95]
- Bella Hadid – fashion model and daughter of real-estate developer Mohamed Hadid and former model Yolanda Hadid[96][97]
Music
Rapper Ice Cube performing in 2006
- Ahmad Jamal – jazz pianist[98]
- Ahmet Ertegün – Songwriter and founder of Atlantic Records[99]
- Akon – R&B and hip-hop artist[100][101]
- Ali Shaheed Muhammad – producer, DJ and rapper, formerly of A Tribe Called Quest; Sunni Muslim[60]
- Art Blakey – jazz drummer and bandleader[102]
- Beanie Sigel – rapper[103][104][105]
- Brother Ali – rapper; converted to Islam[60][106]
- Chali 2na – rapper, formerly of the alternative hip-hop group Jurassic 5, and of Ozomatli[107]
- DJ Khaled – rap artist and DJ[108][109]
- Everlast – rapper from the Irish-American hip-hop group House of Pain; converted to Islam[60][110][111]
- Freeway – rapper; Sunni Muslim[60][105][112][113]
- Ghostface Killah – rapper, member of the hip-hip group the Wu-Tang Clan[103][114]
- Ice Cube – rapper and producer[115]
- Jermaine Jackson – singer, bass guitarist[116][117]
- Kevin Gates – rapper[118][119]
- Lupe Fiasco – rapper; Sunni Muslim[60][103][120]
- MC Ren – rapper[121]
- Mona Haydar rapper; Sunni Muslim[122]
- Mos Def – rapper; initially joined the Nation of Islam before converting to Islam[60][103][123]
- Napoleon – former member of Tupac Shakur's rap group the Outlawz, now a motivational Muslim speaker[124]
- Native Deen – rap group[125]
- Q-Tip – rapper, formerly of A Tribe Called Quest; Sunni Muslim[60][126]
- Raekwon – rapper, member of the hip-hip group the Wu-Tang Clan[127][128][129][130]
- Rhymefest – Grammy Award-winning hip-hop artist; co-writer of the single "Jesus Walks"[131]
- Richard Thompson – British folk rock singer, Sufi Muslim since 1974[132][133]
- Scarface – rapper[103][134]
- Vinnie Paz – rapper in the hip-hop group Jedi Mind Tricks[135]
- Yusef Lateef – jazz musician and Grammy Award winner[60][136]
Religion
The Islamic Center of America located in Dearborn, Michigan near Detroit is the largest mosque in the United States.
Estimated proportion of Muslim Americans in each U.S. state, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico as of the 2020 U.S. Religion Census
Muslim scholar Suhaib Webb
- Abu Ammar Yasir Qadhi – Muslim Scholar.
- Omar Suleiman – Muslim activist and Imam.
- Dalia Mogahed – Muslim speaker and activist.
- Yasmin Mogahed – Muslim speaker and activist.
- Jonathan A C Brown – Muslim lecturer and scholar.
- Amina Wadud - Islamic scholar and activist
- Suhaib Webb – Muslim lecturer and activist; Imam of the Islamic Society of Boston Cultural Center, the largest mosque in the New England area[137][138][139]
- Hamza Yusuf – Muslim scholar[140]
- Hassan Hathout – Muslim scholar[141]
- Hassan Al-Qazwini – Muslim scholar[142]
- Hisham Kabbani – Muslim sufi scholar and shaykh[143]
- Yusuf Estes – Muslim preacher[144]
- Souleiman Ghali – Founder of the Islamic Society of San Francisco[145]
- Sherman Jackson – Muslim scholar[146]
- Nouman Ali Khan – Muslim speaker and founder, CEO and lead instructor at Bayyinah, the Institute for Arabic and Qur'anic Studies.[147]
- Sadullah Khan – Muslim scholar[148]
- Ingrid Mattson – Muslim scholar[149]
- Warith Deen Mohammed – former leader of the largest Muslim organization, the American Society of Muslims (son of Nation of Islam leader)[150][151][152]
- Abdul Malik Mujahid – Imam, community activist supporting interfaith and progressive causes, president of Sound Vision[153]
- Louay M. Safi – Muslim scholar[154]
- Zaid Shakir – Muslim scholar[155]
- Siraj Wahhaj – Muslim scholar[156]
- Omar Khalidi – Muslim scholar[157][158]
- Amir Hussain – Muslim scholar, editor of the Journal of the American Academy of Religion
- Asifa Quraishi - Muslim legal scholar
- Azizah al-Hibri - Muslim legal scholar
- Laleh Bakhtiar - translator of the Quran
Science
- Shereef Elnahal – commissioner, New Jersey Department of Health, transitioning to CEO of University Hospital, Newark in July 2019
- Fazlur Khan – structural engineer (designed the Sears Tower, John Hancock Center)[159]
- Ayub K. Ommaya – neurosurgeon, inventor of the Ommaya reservoir[160]
- Ahmed Zewail – Nobel Prize winner in Chemistry, 1999 for his work on femtochemistry[161]
- Aziz Sancar – Nobel Prize winner in Chemistry, 2015 along with Tomas Lindahl and Paul L. Modrich for their mechanistic studies of DNA repair[162]
- Anousheh Ansari - engineer and first person of Iranian descent in space
Sports
Boxing
Boxer Muhammad Ali in 1978
- Muhammad Ali – became a member of the Nation of Islam in 1964,[163] converted to Sunni Islam in 1975[164][165]
- Bernard Hopkins – former Middleweight and Light Heavyweight world champion[166]
- Eddie Mustafa Muhammad – former Light Heavyweight Champion
- Matthew Saad Muhammad – former Light Heavyweight Champion[167]
- Dwight Muhammad Qawi – former Light Heavyweight and Cruiserweight Champion[168]
- Hasim Rahman – former Heavyweight champion[169]
- Mike Tyson – Undisputed Heavyweight Champion in 1987; converted in 1994 (influenced by preacher in prison)[170]
Basketball
NBA player Shaquille O'Neal
- DeSagana Diop – Senegalese basketball player for the Charlotte Bobcats
- Kareem Abdul-Jabbar – converted to Islam from Catholicism in 1968, initially joining the Nation of Islam before retaking the Shahada and converting to Sunni Islam that very summer[60][171]
- Enes Kanter – Turkish basketball player for the Portland Trail Blazers[172]
- Mahmoud Abdul-Rauf – former player for Denver Nuggets (converted in 1991, formerly Chris Jackson)[173]
- Shareef Abdur-Rahim – retired player, named NBA All-Star in 2001–02 season[174]
- Hassan Adams – drafted by and played for the New Jersey Nets, later the Cleveland Cavaliers, then KK Vojvodina (in Serbia).
- Larry Johnson – retired player, played for the Charlotte Hornets and New York Knicks[175]
- Nazr Mohammed – player for the Charlotte Bobcats[176]
- Mehmet Okur – Turkish player of the Utah Jazz[177]
- Shaquille O'Neal – former player for the Los Angeles Lakers; rapper and actor[178]
- Hakeem Olajuwon – former player for the Houston Rockets[179]
- Rasheed Wallace – former player for the Detroit Pistons[180][181]
- Kyrie Irving - player for Brooklyn Nets[182]
NFL
NFL player turned sportscaster Ahmad Rashad
NFL player Mohamed Sanu
- Ameer Abdullah – running back, drafted by the Detroit Lions in 2015, currently with the Minnesota Vikings[183]
- Oday Aboushi – guard, drafted by the New York Jets in 2013, currently with the Detroit Lions.[184]
- Dominique Easley – linebacker, drafted by the New England Patriots in 2014, currently a free agent.[185]
- Mohamed Sanu – wide receiver, drafted by the Cincinnati Bengals in 2012, currently with the San Francisco 49ers[186]
- Muhammad Wilkerson – defensive end, drafted by the New York Jets in 2011, currently a free agent.[187]
- Hamza Abdullah – former safety for the Cleveland Browns[188][189]
- Husain Abdullah – former safety for the Minnesota Vikings[190]
- Az-Zahir Hakim – former wide receiver for the St. Louis Rams[191]
- Ryan Harris – former offensive tackle for the Pittsburgh Steelers.[192]
- Abdul Hodge – former linebacker for the Carolina Panthers[193]
- Ahmad Rashad – former wide receiver for Minnesota Vikings, award-winning sportscaster (converted in 1972)[194][195]
- Ephraim Salaam – former offensive tackle for the Detroit Lions[196]
Track and field
- Khalid Khannouchi – marathon runner
- Dalilah Muhammad - Olympic gold and silver medalist
Wrestling
- Adeel Alam – Pakistani American, wrestler in WWE
- Khosrow Vaziri – Retired Iranian American wrestler, former WWE Champion[197]
Mixed martial arts
- Muhammed Lawal – former Strikeforce Light Heavyweight World Champion
- Kamaru Usman – current UFC Welterweight Champion
Television
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Mehmet Oz at the 2010 Time 100 Gala
- Mara Brock Akil – screenwriter, producer[198]
- Usman Ally – actor[199]
- Ahmed Shihab-Eldin – reporter for national news channels[200]
- Zehra Fazal - actress and comedienne
- Rizwan Manji – actor[201]
- Ayman Mohyeldin – reporter for national news channels[202]
- Isaiah Mustafa – actor[203]
- Mehmet Oz – medical doctor, talk show host[204]
- Kamran Pasha – screenwriter, producer[205]
- Tahera Rahman – Newscaster for WHBF-TV and KLJB. Widely covered by the media for being the first American hijabi Muslim newscaster.[206][207][208][209][210][211][212][213][214][215][216]
- Iqbal Theba – actor[217]
- Ali Velshi – Reporter and anchor for national U.S. news channels, from Canada[218]
- Ramy Youssef - Actor and comedian[219]
Writing
Fareed Zakaria, head of Newsweek International
- Reza Aslan – author, religious scholar[220]
- Mona Eltahawy – columnist[221]
- Yahiya Emerick – author[222]
- Hafsah Faizal – Author of youth literature, of Sri Lankan and Arab descent.[223]
- Saladin Ahmed – author
- Laila Lalami – author and essayist
- Ayman Mohyeldin – Al-Jazeera English journalist[224]
- Lulu Schwartz – journalist[225]
- Michael Wolfe – journalist[226]
- Fareed Zakaria – author, commentator, and host of CNN's Fareed Zakaria GPS[227]
- Khaled Hosseini – Novelist, physician[228]
- Melody Moezzi – author and activist[229]
- Wael Abdelgawad – author
- G. Willow Wilson - comics writer and author
- Etaf Rum - Novelist
See also
References
- ↑ "Dr. Asad A. Abidi". Nae.edu. Archived from the original on September 6, 2010. Retrieved October 26, 2010.
- ↑ Akbar Ahmed. "Profile Akbar Ahmed". American.edu. Archived from the original on October 12, 2010. Retrieved October 26, 2010.
- ↑ "Saleem H. Ali : University of Vermont". Uvm.edu. September 28, 2010. Archived from the original on August 28, 2010. Retrieved October 26, 2010.
- ↑ "Profile Talal Asad". City University of New York. Archived from the original on June 5, 2011. Retrieved June 13, 2011.
- ↑ ":: Scripps Institution Of Oceanography, Ucsd". Sio.ucsd.edu. January 8, 2010. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved October 26, 2010.
- ↑ "The Fletcher School – Faculty". Fletcher.tufts.edu. August 22, 2009. Archived from the original on November 20, 2010. Retrieved October 26, 2010.
- ↑ "Portland State University | Directory". Directory.pdx.edu. Archived from the original on June 12, 2010. Retrieved October 26, 2010.
- ↑ Olivia Rizzo (May 21, 2019). "First female Muslim mayor in the U.S. calls this N.J. town home". New Jersey On-Line LLC. Archived from the original on May 24, 2019. Retrieved May 21, 2019.
She is now the first female South Asian mayor of a New Jersey municipality and the first female Muslim mayor in the state. She is also believed to be the first female Muslim mayor, female Pakistani-American mayor and first female South Asian-American mayor first in the nation, according to Religionnews.com.
- ↑ Hafeez Malik Archived June 29, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, May 22, 2010.
- ↑ Princeton University (March 16, 2009). "Zia Mian". Princeton.edu. Archived from the original on February 24, 2011. Retrieved October 26, 2010.
- ↑ "Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs | Display Person". Wws.princeton.edu. Archived from the original on June 22, 2010. Retrieved October 26, 2010.
- ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ↑ "Adil Najam biography". Iisd.org. February 14, 2006. Archived from the original on July 9, 2010. Retrieved October 26, 2010.
- ↑ "About Atp : All Things Pakistan". Pakistaniat.com. Archived from the original on November 21, 2010. Retrieved October 26, 2010.
- ↑ "Anwar Shaikh - Economics Department, New School for Social Research". Archived from the original on April 21, 2010. Retrieved April 24, 2010.
- ↑ "[ISI Highly Cited Researchers Version 1.5]". Hcr3.isiknowledge.com. November 22, 2002. Archived from the original on October 19, 2006. Retrieved October 26, 2010.
- ↑ "Welcome to TAMU Physics - People". Archived from the original on September 28, 2009. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
- ↑ "The first desi in the Oval Office?". Sepia Mutiny. Archived from the original on March 30, 2010. Retrieved October 26, 2010.
- ↑ "Indo-Americans make a mark in US polls". Hindustan Times. India. November 8, 2006. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved December 10, 2006
- ↑ Tahir Ali Archived July 23, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "Second Muslim elected to Congress" Archived October 8, 2020, at the Wayback Machine Reuters. 2008-03-11. Retrieved on 2009-06-16.
- ↑ "Chaudhary, Shamila N". State.gov. Archived from the original on February 28, 2010. Retrieved October 26, 2010.
- ↑ "Dr. Robert (Farooq) D. Crane". IslamonLine.net. Archived from the original on January 2, 2010.
- ↑ "Cumber, Sada". February 27, 2008. Archived from the original on June 17, 2010. Retrieved April 24, 2010.
- ↑ Ebuka, Ben (December 27, 2022). "8 things to know about Hamida Dakane, the first Somali woman elected into North Dakota State House of Representatives". Hiiraan Online. Retrieved December 3, 2023.
- ↑ "First Muslim congressman elected" Archived February 13, 2007, at the Wayback Machine BBC News. Retrieved on 2009-06-16.
- ↑ "Islam On Twitter". Huffingtonpost.com. May 12, 2011. Archived from the original on August 14, 2017. Retrieved February 19, 2014.
- ↑ "Zalmay Khalilzad: US power broker". BBC News. January 8, 2007. Archived from the original on May 30, 2006. Retrieved May 8, 2010.
- ↑ Fujino 2005, p. 206.
- ↑ National Review Online Retrieved on 2009-06-18. Archived December 6, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
- 1 2 "Rashida Tlaib And Ilhan Omar Are The First Muslim Women Elected To Congress". BuzzFeed News. November 6, 2018. Archived from the original on November 7, 2018. Retrieved November 6, 2018.
- ↑ Paybarah, Azi (June 11, 2021). "U.S. Senate Confirms First Muslim Federal District Judge". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 11, 2021. Retrieved June 11, 2021.
- ↑ "Betty Shabazz" Archived May 16, 2011, at the Wayback Machine Gale Ceneage Learning
- ↑ The Last Speeches. Bruce Perry, ed. New York: Pathfinder Press (1989). p. 261.
- ↑ Quigley, Bill (May 31, 2016). "From Tehran to Atlanta, Lawyer Azadeh Shahshahani Fighting for Human Rights". Huffington Post.
- ↑ Barnie Choudhury (January 23, 2004). "US Muslims flex political muscle". BBC. Archived from the original on February 6, 2007. Retrieved April 28, 2017. Retrieved December 25, 2006
- ↑ "Representative Saghir A. Tahir (r)". New Hampshire General Court. Archived from the original on November 29, 2004. Retrieved December 25, 2006
- ↑ Parker, Laura (May 16, 2004). "The ordeal of Chaplain Yee". USA Today. Archived from the original on August 15, 2012. Retrieved May 8, 2010.
- ↑ Susan R. Morrissey (2006-07-03) Cover Story – "Elias A. Zerhouni" Archived June 28, 2008, at the Wayback Machine Chemical & Engineering News. Retrieved on 2009-06-16.
- ↑ Fadulu, Lola (June 16, 2023). "First Muslim Woman to Be Federal Judge Confirmed by Senate". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 28, 2023. Retrieved December 19, 2023.
- ↑ Lara Lor-Van (2008-09-14) "Kareem Rashad Sultan Khan" Archived May 31, 2016, at the Wayback Machine Flickr. Retrieved on 2009-06-18.
- ↑ "Hillary Clinton shuts down Trump with touching tribute to US Muslim war hero". The Express Tribune. Karachi, Pakistan: Lakson Group. December 21, 2015. Archived from the original on August 21, 2016. Retrieved August 23, 2016.
- ↑ Joy Dietrich, "Asked and Answered" Archived June 28, 2020, at the Wayback Machine Shirin Neshat, The New York Times, May 14, 2010. Accessed June 6, 2011
- ↑ Indepth Arts News: "Shahzia Sikander: Flip Flop" Archived July 1, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, Absolute Arts. Accessed June 6, 2011
- ↑ Ian Berry, "Nemesis" Archived September 28, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, ifa-Galerien. Accessed June 6, 2011
- ↑ "Spotlight On Minoosh Zomorodinia". Islamic Cultural Center of Northern California (ICCNC). April 19, 2018. Retrieved November 19, 2022.
- ↑ Boyle, Catherine (May 20, 2009). "Business big shot Javed Ahmed". The Times. London. Archived from the original on October 31, 2021. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
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- Bibliography
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